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排序方式: 共有1021条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
101.
Microbial diversity in the hydrate-containing (sites SH3B and SH7B) and-free (sites SH1B, SH5B, SH5C) sediments collected from the Shenhu area of the South China Sea (SCS) was investigated using 16S rR... 相似文献
102.
Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) is a well‐established technique used in natural surface water studies to collect large amounts of suspended solids, thus allowing a broad spectrum of measurements. However, a potential contamination or changes in the particle size distribution during the centrifugation may restrain the use of CFC effluents for element analysis in the colloidal and dissolved fractions. In this paper we evaluate the possibility of using the effluent of a Westfalia centrifuge (type KA2‐06‐075, 9700 rpm) for such analysis. This evaluation is based on two laboratory experiments with deionized and tap water and two field experiments in rivers. Elemental concentration changes across the CFC were assessed from the CFC influent and effluent after a filtration at 0·45 µm. Significant increases were found, mainly in the field experiments at a high suspended solids level and a slightly acid pH. A hypothesis was made on the origin of these increases as a superposition of a centrifuge intrinsic contamination and a particle fragmentation effect. A numerical model based on elemental concentration measurements (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) gave a particle fragmentation level of 0·55% (mass percentage of particles broken up into smaller fragments during centrifugation). In another experiment, a direct particle counting (single particle counter) shows an excess of particles smaller than 500 nm in the CFC effluent, corresponding to a fragmentation level of 0·11%. In consequence, the use of CFC effluent for element analysis is possible in low‐turbidity river or lake waters, but should be carefully considered in waters with high suspended matter contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
石油污染土壤对向日葵生长的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以美国油料向日葵G101为材料,通过田间试验,研究了土壤石油污染质量浓度为10 000 mg/kg时,对向日葵生理性状、产量性状、农艺性状及籽仁质量的影响。结果表明:石油污染土壤对向日葵群体叶面指数从苗期至成熟期均有显著影响。葵盘直径、茎秆直径、株高、叶片数、百粒重和生物量分别缩小或降低10.7%、7.4%、7.2%、10.0%、16.7%和21%;空秕率提高2.4倍;对根系与地上部分的抑制作用无显著差异。该污染浓度下石油对向日葵发芽出苗率,籽仁中粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量无显著影响;葵盘腐烂病发生率、分枝发生率有所提高。 相似文献
104.
Thomas Pichler 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(2):215-224
The application of sulfur isotope (34S) values of sulfate in groundwater provided the information necessary to evaluate the source, transport and fate of battery acid and associated contaminants at the Gulf Coast Recycling (GCR) facility. The chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater beneath the (GCR) property, a battery recycling facility in east Tampa, Florida, varies more than expected for an area of comparable size. Sulfate (SO42–) values, for example, range from 1.2 to 11,500 mg/L and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes do not attenuate towards the weighted annual mean. Those samples that are high in sulfate generally have a low pH, which immediately indicates battery acid (H2SO4) contamination as a potential source for the sulfate. The low pH and high reactivity of the sulfuric acid groundwater cause the formation of hydrogeological microenvironments due to preferential dissolution of carbonate minerals, which in turn causes enhanced recharge and groundwater flow in certain areas; thus, the extreme scatter in the data set. Because of the difficult hydrogeology it is not straightforward to delineate the point-sources of contamination and up to five potential scenarios have to be evaluated: (1) seawater intrusion, (2) upwelling of high-sulfate groundwater, (3) local dissolution of gypsum, (4) an up-gradient contaminant source to the northeast of the GCR property and (5) battery acid contamination. 相似文献
105.
我国地下水质量分布特征浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以新一轮《全国地下水资源评价》项目为依托,以几十年地下水化学资料和水文地质资料为基础,对我国地下水质量进行了综合评价,阐述了我国地下水质量分布特征,简要分析了其成因,并提出了预防地下水水质恶化的建议。我国地下水质量总体状况较好,但局部质量低下,区域分布差异很大,是自然地理、地质、水文地质条件、人类活动等因素共同作用的结果。作者认为要想改善地下水质量就要合理开发利用地下水资源,合理布局工农业,并建立和完善地下水质量监测和预警系统。 相似文献
106.
Sediment disturbance patterns in the coastal area off the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) have been assessed using a set of combined techniques. The potential sources of disturbance in the area include chronic contamination of the fine sediments originating from the estuary, a local input from a long-sea sewage outfall and occasional high runoff episodes following torrential rain. The Sediment Quality Triad approach, combining environmental chemistry (namely organic contaminants), macrofaunal benthic communities and laboratory sediment toxicity assays, was performed on sediment samples from 20 sites. The samples were collected before the outfall commenced operation and four years after commissioning, in order to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the three potential sources of disturbance. The sediment contamination created by the estuary was identified as the most important cause of reduced sediment quality, as disturbance in all three components of the Sediment Quality Triad were only found in a site located near the estuary. 相似文献
107.
Dao HV Ngeh LN Bigger SW Orbell JD Healy M Jessop R Dann P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(12):1591-1594
Iron powder has previously been demonstrated to be effective in the removal, via magnetic harvesting, of a wide variety of oil contaminants from feathers and plumage. This study investigates the efficacy of magnetic cleansing for the removal from feathers of tarry contamination that has been allowed to weather. Clusters of feathers from Mallard duck (Anas platyrhnchos) and Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) were completely immersed in a tarry contaminant and allowed to weather from one to fourteen days. The contaminant was removed using a magnetic cleansing protocol and the removal efficacy assessed gravimetrically. For one, seven and fourteen days of weathering, a final removal (after fourteen treatments) of more than 99% and 97% was achieved for duck feathers and penguin feathers, respectively. Repeating the experiments (for a seven-day weathering period) for both duck and penguin feathers, with the judicious application of a pre-conditioner (olive oil), further improved removal efficacy. A convenient method to screen for improved pre-conditioning agents is suggested. 相似文献
108.
Petrographic observations of two Vindhyan black shales (Rampur Shale of the Semri Group and Bijaigarh Shale of the Kaimur
Group) revealed the following features:
These features are indirect evidence of microbial mat colonization during the Proterozoic. The microbial mats probably fixed
carbon at the sediment surface, stabilized sediment and recycled organic matter and were the primary producers, unlike during
the Phanerozoic time. 相似文献
– | •general wavy lamination, |
– | •contorted and folded thin shreds of organic matter, |
– | •wavy pyritic laminae, |
– | •‘teeth and socket’ structure. |
109.
110.
《Limnologica》2021
Riparian zones are important interface areas between soil and stream systems. Few studies carried out in tropical and subtropical regions evaluate litter decomposition in both stream water and riparian soils. Herein, we assessed the effects of land cover on microbial activity on the decomposition of an exotic litter (Pinus elliottii pine needles only) in water and soils of a subtropical riparian zone. Leaf litter breakdown rates (k in d−1) were estimated for different land covers (Grassland without riparian vegetation, Grassland with riparian vegetation, Forest, and Silviculture). To assess the microbial influence on k, we used fine mesh litter bags with monospecific leaf litter of senescent pine needles. Streams in Silviculture land use showed high k values and orthophosphate, dissolved oxygen and water velocity accelerated the leaf litter breakdown in the stream system. The soil system of Silviculture, Forest, and Grassland with riparian vegetation land covers showed high k values due to the high moisture and litter stock on riparian soil. Only a minor difference between stream and soil systems highlights the significant changes and the negative effects of silviculture on subtropical riparian zones. 相似文献