Diverging forest land use dynamics induced by armed conflict across the tropics     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Armed conflicts trigger region-specific mechanisms that affect land use change. Deforestation is presented as one of the most common negative environmental impacts resulting from armed conflicts, with relevant consequences in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and loss of ecosystem services. However, the impact of armed conflict on forests is complex and may simultaneously lead to positive and negative environmental outcomes, i.e. forest regrowth and deforestation, in different regions even within a country. We investigate the impact that armed conflict exerted over forest dynamics at different spatial scales in Colombia and for the global tropics during the period 1992–2015. Through the analysis of its internally displaced population (departures) our results suggest that, albeit finding forest regrowth in some municipalities, the Colombian conflict predominantly exerted a negative impact on its forests. A further examination of georeferenced fighting locations in Colombia and across the globe shows that conflict areas were 8 and 4 times more likely to undergo deforestation, respectively, in the following years in relation to average deforestation rates. This study represents a municipality level, long-term spatial analysis of the diverging effects the Colombian conflict exerted over its forest dynamics over two distinct periods of increasing and decreasing conflict intensity. Moreover, it presents the first quantified estimate of conflict's negative impact on forest ecosystems across the globe. The relationship between armed conflict and land use change is of global relevance given the recent increase of armed conflicts across the world and the importance of a possible exacerbation of armed conflicts and migration as climate change impacts increase.  相似文献   

2020年新疆于田M_S6.4地震的地震迁移趋势     

张军龙  母若愚 《地震》2021,41(2):47-61

根据大空间尺度上存在特殊的地震迁移并具有规律性的现象, 在回顾2020年于田M_S6.4地震的震前异常和1900年以来于田地区“始发地震—迁移地震”序列的基础上, 分析了于田M_S6.4地震的发震构造和动力学背景, 讨论了于田地区 “始发地震—迁移地震”的时空分布及其趋势。 本文侧重于对近些年于田地区地震迁移现象(如迁移方向、 时间间隔)的统计, 统计结果显示地震迁移可以作为该区域中长期地震危险性分析的方法之一, 并尝试应用于未来地震迁移趋势分析。 地震迁移现象的成因及动力机制有待于深入研究。  相似文献   

‘Like touching with your roots’: migrants’ children visiting the ancestral homeland     

Brad Ruting 《The Australian geographer》2012,43(1):17-33

Many migrants and their descendants make journeys to their homelands, and these visits form an important part of their ethnic identities, kinship relations and transnational connections. While such journeys have attracted increased attention recently, there has been relatively little exploration of the experiences that migrants’ children have when visiting their parents’ homeland, especially in an exile context when there has been little contact with the homeland for an extended period. This paper examines why the children and grandchildren of Estonian migrants to Australia journey to Estonia, and the experiences they have there. Motivations for visiting are complex and varied, and typically interweaved with parents’ stories, ethnic identities, kinship and curiosity. While visiting was a positive but emotional experience for some, it involved awkward encounters for others. This paper explores how these journeys led to respondents reconceptualising their senses of identity, belonging and home, and how many came to align their identities to both Estonia and Australia simultaneously.  相似文献   

Clumps in the outer disk by disk instability: Why they are initially gas giants and the legacy of disruption     

Aaron C. Boley  Tristen Hayfield  Richard H. Durisen 《Icarus》2010,207(2):509-516

We explore the initial conditions for fragments in the extended regions of gravitationally unstable disks. We combine analytic estimates for the fragmentation of spiral arms with 3D SPH simulations to show that initial fragment masses are in the gas giant regime. These initial fragments will have substantial angular momentum, and should form disks with radii of a few AU. We show that clumps will survive for multiple orbits before they undergo a second, rapid collapse due to H₂ dissociation and that it is possible to destroy bound clumps by transporting them into the inner disk. The consequences of disrupted clumps for planet formation, dust processing, and disk evolution are discussed. We argue that it is possible to produce Earth-mass cores in the outer disk during the earliest phases of disk evolution.  相似文献   

碎屑岩输导层内油气运聚非均一性的定量分析   总被引：29，自引：7，他引：29  

李铁军  罗晓容 《地质科学》2001,36(4):402-413

油气在以连通孔隙为流体储、流空间的碎屑岩输导层中的运移具明显的非均一性。在实际盆地中,输导层往往是非均质的,在宏观上表现为岩性、岩相在盆地范围内的频繁变化,在微观上则主要受粒度大小、胶结物含量、成岩作用等的影响。利用BasinMod所做的定量模拟试验发现,即便在宏观均质孔隙介质中,油气运移的动力也往往是非均一的,表现为受控于构造形态的空间变化。在非均质输导层中,运移动力的非均一性与所处的地质背景有关:在毛细管力梯度小于浮力梯度时,流体势的梯度方向与浮力梯度方向相同,油气运移仍沿浮力降低的方向进行;当毛细管力梯度大于浮力梯度情况下,流体势梯度方向发生改变,岩性变化带成为油气运移的封挡层。将数值模拟分析的认识应用于准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组,在假设输导层侧向延伸性良好的条件下,分析了输导层油气运移路线,认为石西1井区、盆4井区及陆1井区等构造高部位为重要的油气运移指向区。  相似文献   

1998年京津冀夏季风的低频振荡与降水的特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

徐国强  藏建升等 《应用气象学报》2001,12(3):297-306

使用美国NCAR 1998年再分析资料, 研究了京、津、冀夏季风的低频振荡和低频降水的特征。结果表明, 京、津、冀1998年夏季风存在15~35天的低频振荡, 5~6月低频降水较弱, 7~8月低频降水较强, 低频降水的传播路径倾向于与其上空200 hPa低频辐散带的传播路径相一致, 京、津、冀地区水汽主要来自南部边界和西部边界, 南风低频水汽输送变化对低频多雨期发生发展具有指示意义。  相似文献   

Arbitrary Difference Precise Integration Method for Solving the Seismic Wave Equation     

Jia Xiaofeng 《中国地震研究》2004,18(1):36-41

Wave equation migration is often applied to solve seismic imaging problems. Usually, the finite difference method is used to obtain the numerical solution of the wave equation. In this paper, the arbitrary difference precise integration (ADPI) method is discussed and applied in seismic migration. The ADPI method has its own distinctive idea. When dispersing coordinates in the space domain, it employs a relatively unrestrained form instead of the one used by the conventional finite difference method. Moreover, in the time domain it adopts the sub-domain precise integration method. As a result, it not only takes the merits of high precision and narrow bandwidth, but also can process various boundary conditions and describe the feature of an inhomogeneous medium better. Numerical results show the benefit of the presented algorithm using the ADPI method.  相似文献   

The Statistical Analysis of Migration of Strong Earthquakes─Taking the North China Region as an Example     

Qin Chengzhi )  Zhou Chenghu )  Pei Tao )  Li Quanlin ) )State Key Laboratory of Resources  Environmental Information System  Institute of Geographic Sciences  Natural Resources Research  CAS  Beijing  China )Institute of Geophysics  CEA  Beijing  China 《中国地震研究》2004,(2)

INTRODUCTIONMigrationofstrongearthquakesisaphenomenonwherebystrongearthquakestakeplaceinsuccessionincertainspatiallyregularpatterns (ZhangGuomin ,etal,2 0 0 1 ) .Seismologistsintheworldhavenoticedthisphenomenonforalongtime .Manyinstanceswerediscoveredinthepastdecades ,suchasthemigrationofstrongearthquakesalongtheNorthAnatolianFaultinTurkeysince1 939(Richter,1 958)andthemigrationofaseriesofearthquakes (MS ≥ 6 0 )aftertheMS7 9earthquakeinKwandong ,Japan (Utsu ,1 987) .Theexamplesofre…  相似文献   

Are people of Indian origin (PIO) “Indian”? A case study of South Africa     

Frederic Landy  Brij Maharaj 《Geoforum》2004,35(2):203-215

A necessary condition for a migration to be considered as a “diaspora” is the upholding of contacts in the land of origin in various forms, real or imaginary, material or cultural. This paper examines whether this is so in the case of Indian South Africans, most of whose ancestors came to the country as indentured labourers between 1860 and 1911. A key contention was that there could be some cultural and emotional factors partly explaining the economic relations and the geography of flows between the South Africans of Indian origin and India. However, this eventually proved to be wrong. This is all the more paradoxical since the “Indian” identity is still very alive in Durban. However, it is highly fragmented, according to the generations, the religions and the socio-economic classes. India is still a key referent, but “transcendentally”: either as a country which has only an abstract existence, which is spoken of, even dreamt of, without ever being visited; or it is visited but considered only as a whole, since the region of one’s ancestors is almost never at the forefront. Furthermore, the vulnerable situation of “Indians” within South African society does not encourage stronger relationships with India.  相似文献   

Contaminant dispersion at the rehabilitated Mary Kathleen uranium mine, Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. G. Lottermoser  P. M. Ashley  M. T. Costelloe 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):748-761

This study reports on the transfer of contaminants from waste rock dumps and mineralised ground into soils, sediments, waters and plants at the rehabilitated Mary Kathleen uranium mine in semi-arid northwest Queensland. Numerous waste rock dumps were partly covered with benign soil and the open pit mine was allowed to flood. The mineralised and waste calc-silicate rock in the open pit and dumps has major (>1 wt%) Ca, Fe and Mg, minor (>1,000 ppm) Ce, La, Mn, P and S, subminor (>100 ppm) Ba, Cu, Th and U, and trace (<100 ppm) As, Ni, Pb, Y and Zn values. Consequently, chemical and physical weathering processes have acted on waste rock and on rock faces within the open pit, mobilising many elements and leading to their dispersion into soils, stream sediments, pit water and several plant species. Chemical dispersion is initiated by sulfide mineral breakdown, generation of sulfuric acid and formation of several soluble, transient sulfate minerals as evaporative efflorescent precipitates. Radiation doses associated with the open pit average 5.65 mSv year⁻¹; waste dumps commonly have lower values, especially where soil-covered. Surface pit water is slightly acid, with high sulfate values accompanied by levels of U, Cu and Ni close to or above Australian water guideline values for livestock. Dispersion of U and related elements into soils and stream sediments occurs by physical (erosional) processes and from chemical precipitation. Plants growing in the mine void, on waste dumps and contaminated soil display evidence of biological uptake of U, LREE, Cu and Th and to a lesser degree of As, Ni, Pb, Y and Zn, with values being up to 1–2 orders of magnitude above background sites for the same species. Although rehabilitation procedures have been partly successful in reducing dispersion of U and related elements into the surrounding environment, it is apparent that 20 years after rehabilitation, there is significant physical and chemical mobility, including transfer into plants.  相似文献