强成膜性护壁冲洗液体系的研究与应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陶士先 《地质与勘探》2014,50(6):1147-1154

强成膜性护壁冲洗液体系是地质调查项目"重点成矿带钻探冲洗液关键技术研究与示范"项目的研究成果之一,是以强成膜性护壁剂GCMJ-2为主要处理剂而配制的一种护壁冲洗液体系。该冲洗液体系主要针对松散破碎地层及强水敏性地层的钻探施工中遇到的难题,具有强成膜性、抑制性和胶结性。通过在宁夏银川盆地第四系环境科学钻探、新疆黄土钻探以及四川若尔盖湖泊科学钻探中应用,该体系显示出较强的护壁和护心效果:孔壁稳定、取心质量好,有效地保证了项目的顺利实施。  相似文献   

中国陆相页岩油富集特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

聂海宽  张培先  边瑞康  武晓玲  翟常博 《地学前缘》2016,23(2):55-62

文章对页岩油的富集机理、富集过程和富集主控因素等进行了研究。页岩油比页岩气的发育条件苛刻,分布区域比页岩气局限,勘探难度较大。美国目前勘探开发的页岩油赋存于海相页岩,具有分布范围大、成熟度高、石油密度小、含蜡量低和黏度低等特征,为轻质油;我国页岩油主要为陆相页岩,具有分布范围小、成熟度低、石油密度大、含蜡量高和黏度高等特征,为稠油。美国产油页岩的矿物组成的石英和碳酸盐多为生物来源,石英含量、碳酸盐含量与有机碳含量有很好的正相关关系,与页岩油的含量也是正相关关系,且有利于后期压裂改造;我国陆相含油页岩的石英多为碎屑来源,碳酸盐多为化学沉积,石英含量、碳酸盐含量与有机碳呈负相关关系,与页岩油的含量也是负相关关系,且不有利于后期压裂改造。海陆相页岩油特征的差异可能是导致我国页岩油产量较低的原因,制约了页岩油的勘探开发。我国陆相断陷盆地页岩油勘探应寻找页岩有机质成熟度相对较高的深凹区和砂岩夹层发育的斜坡区,深凹区具有“油稀、高压和可改造”等特点,斜坡区具有“夹层发育、可改造”等特点。  相似文献   

基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

姜弢  林君  贾海青  徐学纯  葛利华  黄大年  陈祖斌  张林行 《地球物理学报》2012,55(12):4277-4287

地震勘探中,针对目的层地震数据信噪比较低情况,为改善信噪比,本文提出一种基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法(TSBBRA).该方法的理论依据是波束形成原理,文中通过对相控震源激发定向地震波场的分析,提出在反射地震勘探中,在信号接收端同样能生成定向地震波的思路.具体地,论文给出在地震数据集上先对单炮记录分组,再对组内记录时域内延时、叠加,生成对应定向地震波场的地震记录的方法.TSBBRA方法适于杂波干扰强,且杂波与目的层反射波方向不一致的地震条件.本文先通过波场模拟,展示了TSBBRA方法具有形成定向地震波场的能力;而后通过对比相控震源与TSBBBRA时间剖面,说明了TSBBRA方法的有效性;最后在吉林某油页岩矿区,用TSBBRA方法,分别针对浅层目标与深层目标,生成定向地震波数据.与原始数据相比,目标层信噪比提高了3~35 dB,在时间剖面上观测到的深部目标信号从200 ms扩展到1000 ms,TSBBRA剖面资料与测区附近区域的地质与地震资料一致.由此得出结论,TSBBRA方法有助于改善目的层地震资料信噪比,当关注深部目的层时,由于TSBBRA方法能有效压制噪声,因此可用于能够实现更大的勘探深度.实验中,我们给出了浅层勘探结果,由于本方法对震源及观测系统没有限制,实际应用中TSBBRA方法可作为深部资源勘探领域提高深部地震资料信噪比的有效方法.  相似文献   

Snapper tagging in north‐east New Zealand, 1974: Analysis of methods,return rates,and movements   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

James Crossland 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):675-686

During 1974, 5045 snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Forster) were tagged at various locations along the north‐east coast of the North Island. Most were trawl‐caught using a canvas cod‐end in shallow inshore areas. Four types of tags were used, of which two were found to be effective: a large single‐barbed dart tag, and a lock‐on spaghetti tag. For the period up to the end of October 1975, 88 (1.74%) were returned. Highest returns were from the Hauraki Gulf (2.3%) and lowest from Northland (nil). Analysis of the recapture data showed that most movements were local, with a mean distance between tagging site and recapture position of 13.9 nautical miles (25.7 km). Four movements greater than 50 miles (92.6 km) were recorded. Local movements in the Hauraki Gulf were associated with the spring/summer spawning period. This movement, out from inshore areas which are closed to seiners and trawlers, and schooling behaviour, are thought to be the main factors contributing to the peak in snapper catches at this time of the year.  相似文献   

Winter oceanographic observations in some New Zealand fiords     

B. R. Stanton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):299-314

The winter oceanography of four New Zealand fiords is discussed using data obtained from July 1983, and comparisons are made with data collected on previous summers. Surface waters were more saline in winter than in summer and were everywhere cooler than the underlying water. Deep water renewal in the fiord basins was re‐examined using all available data. For Milford Sound and the other deep silled fiords renewal appears to be related to the arrival of dense water at sill depth offshore by an as yet unknown advective or meteorologically forced process. In the more isolated Long Sound, Preservation Inlet, deep water renewal requires the subtle interplay of tidal flows and mixing processes over the shallow double sill. Complete renewal of Long Sound bottom water appears to be a slow process.  相似文献   

Qualitative and Quantitative Description of Multibeam Echosounder Systematic Errors on Rocky Areas     

Nathalie Debese  Nicolas Seube  Laurent Heydel 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):306-321

This paper deals with the problem of systematic depth errors made in surveying dumped rocks with multibeam echosounder. These errors may induce dangers for navigation in very shallow water areas or huge costs for coastal engineering contractors who perform rock dumping operation and surveying. We analyze results from four different multibeam echosounder systems and compare those data to a reference digital terrain model of a dumped rocks area obtained from a 3D terrestrial laser scanner. The systematic depth errors are statistically described and analysed on local areas. Finally, we propose a look-up table linking the error amplitude with the rock size, resulting from our error analysis.  相似文献   

The Three Results of Sound Velocity Variance in Sediments During Controlled Stress-strain Testing from the South China Sea     

BO LU  Ganxian Li  Shaojian Huang  Shuzhuo Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):177-186

Sound velocity in each type of seafloor sediment from the South China Sea varies with the development of strain in the controlled stress-strain course. Experiments show that there may exist three cases for the maximum sound velocity: (1) it appears at the stress peak; (2) it appears in the phase of no load; and (3) it appears at the end of the strain course. These results are related to physical-mechanical properties and structure of sediments.  相似文献   

Post-glacial sediment dynamics in the Irish Sea and sediment wave morphology: Data–model comparisons     

Katrien J.J. Van Landeghem  Katsuto Uehara  Andrew J. Wheeler  Neil C. Mitchell  James D. Scourse   《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(14):1723-1736

The irregular seafloor of the narrow Irish Sea on the NW European Shelf has been documented over several decades. From recently collected swath bathymetry data, very large trochoidal, nearly symmetrical sediment waves are observed in many parts of the Irish Sea and appear similar to those described from other continental shelf seas in North America that were covered by glacigenic sediments during the Last Glacial Maximum. Swath multibeam and single beam bathymetry data, backscatter intensity, shallow seismic imagery, video footage and sediment cores from the Irish Sea high sediment waves have been integrated to identify their genesis with reference to present and past hydrodynamic variability. From cross-sectional profiles over asymmetrical sediment waves in the Irish Sea the direction of asymmetry is used to map residual bed stress directions and associated bedload transport paths. Irish Sea peak bed stress vectors were generated using a two-dimensional palaeo-tidal model for the NW European shelf seas and compare well with the observations. Tidally induced bed stresses are modelled to have increased between 7–10 ka BP, to be nearly symmetrical in magnitude and to have reversed in dominant direction on a millennial scale. These environmental conditions during the post-glacial marine transgression are suggested here to help comprehend the construction of the very large sediment waves, with local variations due to differences in sediment grain size, sediment supply, water depth and intensified currents due to seafloor slopes. Model parameterisation using an open ocean boundary with time-dependent tidal changes and the implementation of high-resolution bathymetric information will improve future models of small-scale bed shear stress patterns and improve the predictive value of such modelling efforts.  相似文献   

Dynamic analysis of a beam resting on an elastic half-space with inertial properties     

S. Guenfoud  S.V. Bosakov  D.F. Laefer 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

This work gives a semi-analytical approach for the dynamic analysis of beams and plates resting on an elastic half-space with inertial properties. Such calculations have been associated with significant mathematical challenges, often leading to unrealizable computing processes. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed analysis of Green's function defining surface displacements of such a space in the contact zone with structures, which allows determination of reactive forces and other physical magnitudes. The obtained solutions can be applied to (i) study dynamic interaction between soil and structures, (ii) determine transient wave fields caused by a seismic source, and (iii) assess numerical computations with different numerical methods programs. Natural frequencies, natural shapes, and the dynamic response of a beam due to external harmonic excitation are determined. Eigenfrequencies and Eigenshapes are presented. Validation with a Boussinesq problem illustrates the inertia effect on the results of the dynamic analysis.  相似文献   

Directional borehole radar calibration     

O. Borchert  K. Behaimanot  A. Glasmachers   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(4):352

We are developing an innovative low-noise directional borehole radar system. Harsh and changing operating environments are a challenge to the low-noise sensitive electronic design. Additionally a system with such high sensitivity is susceptible to temperature changes and to component parameter variations. Therefore a calibration module was developed to calibrate the overall measurement system with a test signal generator. This calibration includes channel matching for accurate direction detection and sampling clock correction. After a brief introduction, testing and calibration methods are introduced. Additionally measurement results and figures depicting the practical results achieved thus far are included.  相似文献