胶州湾河口湿地秋冬季N2O气体排放通量特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谢文霞  赵全升  张芳  马晓菲 《地理科学》2011,31(4):464-469

2009年9月~2010年2月,利用静态箱-气相色谱法对秋冬季胶州湾大沽河口受潮汐影响的芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地和潮上带常年无积水杂草湿地N₂O排放通量特征进行了研究。研究表明:两类湿地N₂O排放和吸收具有明显的昼夜变化规律。白天N₂O排放高峰出现在12时左右,夜间高峰出现在21时左右,最低值出现在凌晨6时左右。芦苇湿地和杂草湿地秋冬季的最高值分别为151.1 μg/(m²·h)、29.3 μg/(m²·h),最低值分别为-128.9 μg/(m²·h)、-21.5μg/(m²·h)。芦苇湿地秋冬季夜间N₂O排放量高于白天,分别是白天的1.54倍和2.09倍;杂草湿地秋季N₂O排放通量白天高于夜间,冬季则夜间高于白天且以吸收为主。在对芦苇湿地和杂草湿地进行监测的6个月份中11月排放量最高,排放量分别为42.42 mg/m²、6.89 mg/m²,芦苇湿地N₂O排放量普遍高于杂草湿地。芦苇湿地秋、冬季的排放通量分别为56.32 mg/m²、63.38 mg/m²,杂草湿地秋、冬季的排放通量分别为10.45 mg/m²、3.08 mg/m²,芦苇湿地高于杂草湿地,分别是杂草湿地的5.39倍、20.58倍,主要是两类湿地不同的水文特征和不同的植被种类造成的。杂草湿地秋冬季N₂O排放通量与5 cm地温、10 cm地温呈显著相关关系(P<0.05),芦苇湿地则相关不显著,主要原因是芦苇湿地N₂O排放量除了受温度影响,由潮汐引起的干湿交替过程也在很大程度上影响N₂O排放和吸收。胶州湾大沽河河口受潮汐影响芦苇湿地和常年无积水的杂草湿地秋冬季均为大气N₂O的"源"。  相似文献   

灰色系统理论在煤层气含量预测中的应用     

田敏  赵永军  颛孙鹏程 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(2):24-27

煤层含气量是一个受多因素影响的反映煤层含气性的定量指标。以晋城矿区为例,根据煤层气地质基本理论,利用改进的斜率关联度法,分析了煤层气含量的影响因素;进而,由灰色多变量静态模型GM(0,N)预测了煤层气含量,并与多元回归分析的结果进行比较。结果表明,用改进斜率关联度进行灰色关联分析所确定的煤层气含量的主要影响因素是可信的;由GM(0,N)模型预测煤层含气量所需样本数据少,原理简单,计算方便,且预测精度较高。   相似文献   

土地利用/覆被变化对土壤温室气体排放通量影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘惠  赵平 《山地学报》2009,27(5)

土地利用/覆被变化影响温室气体的净排放,改变了全球温室气体的收支平衡.森林、草地和农田之间的转化、湿地和旱地的转化及土地管理措施的不同,影响着土壤碳的释放和其他痕量气体的排放,从而改变全球变暖增温的综合潜力(GWP),因此要综合考虑土地利用/覆被变化对土壤CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量的影响.加强对温室气体发生机理的研究,选取合理的土地利用和士地管理方式,减少全球大气温室气体浓度增加,是未来研究的重点和难点.  相似文献   

三江平原草甸湿地土壤有机碳矿化对C/N的响应   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

窦晶鑫  刘景双  王洋  赵光影 《地理科学》2009,29(5):773-778

模拟研究了三江平原典型草甸小叶章湿地及人工林地土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化在4种C/N(Ⅰ: 9-10,Ⅱ:11-12,Ⅲ: 13-16,Ⅳ: 16-22)处理下的变化特征,分析了SOC矿化对C/N的响应。结果表明:在36天的培养期内,高C/N处理下两种土壤的SOC累积矿化量分别是低C/N时的2.78和2.68倍,两种土壤SOC矿化量对C/N变化的响应不存在显著差异;不同C/N处理下,两种土壤SOC的矿化速率均在前期(0~4天)较高,随着培养时间的延长逐渐降低,并趋于稳定;一级动力学方程能较好的描述两种土壤的SOC矿化动态,其C₀和C₀/SOC值均随C/N的增加而增加;回归分析表明,试验C/N(9-22)范围内湿草甸土和林地土的SOC累积矿化量及矿化速率分别与C/N呈显著的线性和二次曲线关系,C/N是影响湿地土壤有机碳富集程度的关键因素。  相似文献   

Carbonate removal by acidification causes loss of nitrogenous compounds in continental margin sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lutz Lohse  Rikus T. Kloosterhuis  Henko C. de Stigter  Willem Helder  Wim van Raaphorst  Tjeerd C. E. van Weering 《Marine Chemistry》2000,69(3-4)

This study reports on measurements of organic carbon (C_org) and total nitrogen (N_tot) in surface sediments originating from 6 transects along the northwest European continental margin. After elimination of carbonates by an acidification technique using sulphurous acid, both elements were analysed in the same sediment sample using an elemental analyser. C_org and N_tot in the sample were comparatively low, ranging between 1 and 10 mg C and 0.2 to 1 mg N g⁻¹ dry sediment. In a second analysis, the samples were analysed without acid addition, resulting in N_tot concentrations of 0–50% higher compared to their acidified counterparts. As a consequence, molar C/N ratios derived from the analysis of C_org and N_tot in the acidified sample ranged between 6 to 11, while the N_tot separate analysis reduced C/N ratios to 6 to 8. It is suggested that the addition of sulphurous acid to eliminate inorganic carbon volatilises nitrogenous organic matter.  相似文献   

西北太平洋风场和海浪场特点分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘金芳  孙立尹 《海洋预报》2000,17(3):54-62

本文根据1950～1995年共46a的西北太平洋气象船舶报资料,按5°×5°网格统计的风、浪要素进行分析研究,阐明了西北太平洋风、浪、涌的特点及其变化规律。该区是世界最典型的季风气候区,季风时期的风向、浪向、涌向基本一致,赤道地区常年盛行东北浪。冬季季风比夏季季风强盛,相应的平均波高、大浪大涌频率也较大。该海域与北印度洋同属季风气候区,但其特点正好相反。本文为船舶在西北太平洋航行、作业和科学试验以及军事活动,提供了较翔实的风场和浪场资料及变化规律。  相似文献   

多项式拟合技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

崔若飞  王辉 《地球物理学进展》2000,15(2):47-54

本文讨论了三种多项式拟合方法在煤田地震勘探中的应用情况 .它们可以消除动校拉伸对波形的影响以及普通叠加的低通滤波效应 ,保持了振幅的真实形态和较高的频率信息 ,能得到较高分辨率的零炮检距剖面 ,有利于地震资料的构造解释和岩性研究 .  相似文献   

Macroalgae blooms and δN in subtropical coastal lagoons from the Southeastern Gulf of California: Discrimination among agricultural, shrimp farm and sewage effluents     

Alejandra Piñón-Gimate  María Julia Ochoa-Izaguirre  Federico Páez-Osuna 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(8):1144-74

Macroalgae blooms of Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Hypnea spinella and Spyridia filamentosa have been found in coastal lagoons in the SE Gulf of California. Agriculture, livestock, shrimp and poultry farms and sewage contribute anthropogenic nitrogen to the systems. The δ¹⁵N of these sources, water column and macroalgae were studied in order to identify the N supply for macroalgae blooms. δ¹⁵N of three species of macroalgae (4.3-13.6‰) were enriched compared to the water column ( 3.7-6.8‰), probably because of fractioning from the macroalgae. δ¹⁵N of POM (1.4-10.3‰) was similar to the water column but the relationship was unclear. Depending on the site, macroalgae showed different δ¹⁵N values since some sites receive more or less influence from one given source of the associated watershed, which is reflected in the different δ¹⁵N values of the macroalgae of the same system and in the relative contributions of the sources.  相似文献   

Remote sensing of temporal and spatial patterns of suspended particle size in the Irish Sea in relation to the Kolmogorov microscale     

E.M. van der Lee  D.G. Bowers  E. Kyte 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Suspended sediments form an integral part of shelf sea systems, determining light penetration for primary production through turbidity and dispersion of pollutants by adsorption and settling of particles. The settling speed of suspended particles depends on their size and on turbulence. Here a method of determining particle size via remote sensing measurements of ocean colour and brightness has been applied to a set of monthly satellite images of the Irish Sea covering a full year (2006). The suspended sediment concentration was calculated from the ratio between green (555 nm) and red (665 nm) wavelengths in MODIS imagery. Empirical formulae were employed to convert suspended sediment concentrations and irradiance reflectance in the red part of the spectrum into specific scattering by mineral particles and floc size. A geographical pattern was evident in all images with shallow areas with fast currents having high year-average suspended sediment concentrations (7.6 mg l⁻¹), high specific scattering (0.225 m² g⁻¹) and thus small particle sizes (143 μm). The reverse is true for deeper areas with slower currents, e.g. the Gyre southwest of the Isle of Man where turbidity levels are lower (3.3 mg l⁻¹), specific scattering is lower (0.081 m² g⁻¹) and thus particle sizes are larger (595 μm) on average over a year. Temporal signals are also seen over the year in these parameters with minimum seasonal amplitudes (a factor 3.5) in the Turbidity Maximum and maximum seasonal amplitudes twice as large (a factor 7) in the Gyre. In the Gyre heating overcomes mixing in summer and stratification occurs allowing suspended sediments to settle out and flocs to grow large. The size of aggregated flocs is theoretically proportional to the Kolmogorov scale. This scale was calculated using depth, current, and wind speed data and compared to the size of flocculated particles. The proportionality changes through the year, indicating the influence of biological processes in summer in promoting larger flocs.  相似文献   

Nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate as a clue to the origin of nitrogen on the Pacific coast of Japan     

Ryo Sugimoto  Akihide Kasai  Toshihiro Miyajima  Kouichi Fujita 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

To clarify the sources and transformation of NO₃⁻ on the Pacific coast of Japan, observations over the continental shelf were conducted during the summer in 2005 and 2006 when the Kuroshio flowed close to and away from the coastal area, respectively. Below the halocline, there are two prominent salinity peaks that originated in two different waters. In the subsurface layer, the salinity maximum (S_max) was indicative of the Kuroshio Water (KW), while the salinity minimum (S_min) in the middle layer at ∼400 m depth was indicative of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). δ¹⁵N_NO3 ranged from 4.1‰ to 5.1‰ with a mean of 4.8±0.4‰ in the deeper water around S_min. Below 50 m depth over the shelf break, δ¹⁵N_NO3 values (3.1±0.8‰ in 2005 and 4.6±0.3‰ in 2006) clearly increased as contribution of NPIW increased in 2006. On the contrary, subsurface δ¹⁵N of NO₃⁻ values (−1.1±0.1‰) remained unchanged in both years, although the contribution of the KW to the subsurface water changed significantly. This suggests that the source of NO₃⁻ has little effect on the δ¹⁵N of NO₃⁻ in this layer. The negative δ¹⁵N values also coincided with the base of the chlorophyll maximum layer suggesting that these isotopic signals must be evidence of active nitrification in the upper layer.  相似文献