The emerging politics of the Arctic Ocean. Future management of the living marine resources     

《Marine Policy》2015

This article seeks to identify and analyze the most important political issues at stake with respect to the ongoing process regarding the future management of living resources in the high seas of the Arctic Ocean. Through assessing the potential for future commercial utilization of marine resources in the Arctic Ocean and analyzing the differences between the interests of engaged stakeholders in the process, the article seeks to answer whose interests and norms seem to most strongly influence the unfolding political processes and preliminary outcomes. The article concludes by identifying how the five Arctic coastal states have retained the upper hand in this process through skilled political entrepreneurship, the devotion of necessary resources and the political commitment of their respective governments.  相似文献   

中国近海鱼篮螺属的分类以及种名修订(腹足纲, 蛾螺科)     

张树乾  孙启梦  张素萍 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):91-95

对分布于中国近海的蛾螺科Buccinidae、鱼篮螺属Nassaria种类进行了系统的分类学研究,确定了其分类地位,共鉴定出该属12种,分别为:尖鱼篮螺Nassaria acuminata(Reeve,1844),尖旋鱼篮螺N.acutispirata(Sowerby,1913),多刺鱼篮螺N.cirsiumoides Fraussen,2004,带扣鱼篮螺N.fibulaFraussenStahlschmidt,2008,光滑鱼篮螺N.laevior Smith,1899,美好鱼篮螺N.magnifica(Lischke,1871),坚硬鱼篮螺N.solida(KurodaHabe in Habe,1961),棘刺鱼篮螺N.spinigera(HayashiHabe,1965),缝合鱼篮螺N.suturalis(Adams,1855),脉管鱼篮螺Nassaria varicosa ZhangZhang,2014以及两个鱼篮螺未定种Nassaria sp.。文中对物种的主要鉴别特征进行了描述,并根据最新分类系统对相关种名进行了修订。  相似文献   

Benefits from increased cooperation and energy trade under CO2 commitments—The Nordic case     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):279-294

Abstract

In this paper, benefits from increasing cross-border cooperation under future CO₂ commitments in the Nordic countries are examined and evaluated. Four cooperative strategies are analyzed and valued separately: cross-border electricity trade, cross-border emission-permit trade, the introduction of a trans-Nordic natural gas transmission grid, and, finally, utilization of all these three strategies simultaneously. The valuation is done under varying CO₂ commitments and under three different scenarios for future energy demand and technological development. In conducting this analysis, the energy-systems model-generator MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) was used to model the Nordic energy system. It is shown that all cooperative strategies do lower the abatement costs considerably, especially if the strategy including full cooperation is utilized. In this case, additional costs from meeting CO₂ targets may be at least halved for commitments less than 10% reduction until 2050 based on emissions in 1995. No significant difference between low and high CO₂ commitments could be observed in the size of the benefits from cooperation, expressed in billions (10⁹) of Swedish crowns. Benefits from cooperation are generally larger for scenarios including relatively higher future energy demand.  相似文献   

北欧海深层水的研究进展简     

Shao Qiuli  Zhao Jinping 《地球科学进展》2014,29(1):42-55

As a connection region between North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, the Nordic Sea plays a critical role in global climate system. In the Nordic Seas, surface water converts into intermediate water and deep water after cooling and other effects. These waters transport southward, and enter into North Atlantic as a form of overflow, therefore, they are the main source of the North Atlantic Deep Water(NADW), which play a key role in global ocean conveyor. The causes and processes of the deep water formation in the Nordic Seas are still uncertain. Based on a review of current and historical research results of the deep water in the Nordic Seas, the most important process for deep water formation convection is addressed. Factors and physical processes that may have impact on deep water formation are summarized. The transport of deep water in the Nordic Seas is summed up. Multi year variation of the deep water is described with the aim of giving some instructions and research directions to the readers.  相似文献   

北欧海海面高度上升减缓及其机理研究     

史文奇  赵进平  连喜虎  王晓宇  陈伟斌 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):20-33

A slowdown of sea surface height(SSH) rise occurred in the Nordic(GIN) seas around 2004.In this study,SSH satellite data and constructed steric height data for the decades before and after 2004(i.e.,May 1994 to April 2014)were used for comparative analysis.The findings indicate that the rate of slowdown of SSH rises in the GIN seas(3.0 mm/a) far exceeded that of the global mean(0.6 mm/a).In particular,the mean steric height of the GIN seas increased at a rate of 4.5 mm/a and then decreased at a slower pace.This was the main factor responsible for the stagnation of the SSH rises,while the mass factor only increased slightly.The Norwegian Sea particularly experienced the most prominent slowdown in SSH rises,mainly due to decreased warming of the 0–600 m layer.The controlling factors of this decreased warming were cessation in the increase of volume of the Atlantic inflow and stagnation of warming of the inflow.However,variations in air-sea thermal flux were not a major factor.In the recent two decades,mean halosteric components of the GIN seas decreased steadily and remained at a rate of 2 mm/a or more because of increased flow and salinity of the Atlantic inflow during the first decade,and reduction in freshwater inputs from the Arctic Ocean in the second decade.  相似文献   

中国近海营养盐结构失衡与磷消耗问题及其生态环境效应的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

冉祥滨  韦钦胜  于志刚 《海洋科学》2023,47(8):75-89

近海的生态环境问题态势严峻。在机制上，普遍认为富营养化是导致近海环境恶化的主导因子，但实际上，营养盐的结构失衡对近海生态环境问题的产生可能起到了更重要的作用。目前关于营养盐结构失衡的主导因素和机制尚缺乏全面系统的研究。本文基于对已有数据和文献资料的整合分析发现，由于存在强烈的人类活动影响，中国近海营养盐结构失衡问题较过去更为突出，且可能引发潜在“磷消耗”问题，其影响在某种程度上较传统意义上的磷限制要强，并进而产生深远的生态环境效应。据此提出，今后相关的研究应该特别关注河流流域-近海环境变化和它们之间的内在关联，阐明控制近海营养盐浓度、形态、分布和结构的关键生物地球化学过程，量化近海氮与磷的滞留机制与效率，揭示浮游植物群落结构变化与营养盐结构失衡和磷消耗的耦合关系及其生态效应等，最终制定中国入海河流与近海氮磷协同控制的适应性管理措施。  相似文献