中国北方近45年蒸发变化的特征及与环境的关系   总被引：41，自引：4，他引：37  

刘波  马柱国  丁裕国 《高原气象》2006,25(5):840-848

对整个中国北方及东北、华北、西北区东部和西北区西部四个子区域蒸发皿蒸发时间序列的分析发现,近45年(1960—2004年)中国北方蒸发皿蒸发的下降趋势明显,并且在空间上从东北向西北的下降趋势逐渐增大。同时结合降水、相对湿度、日较差及日照等环境因子对过去45年的变化特征及与蒸发皿蒸发之间的关系进行了分析,结果表明:在中国北方,无论是在半湿润的东北区还是干旱的西北区,气温日较差和风速都是影响蒸发皿蒸发的最重要的因子,这可能是导致蒸发皿蒸发下降的主要原因;而降水、相对湿度、日照等的作用也不可忽视。  相似文献   

藏北高原地表反照率的初步研究   总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5  

李英  胡泽勇 《高原气象》2006,25(6):1034-1041

基于中日合作项目“全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验”(CAMP/Tibet)在藏北高原D105站、Amdo站、MS3478站以及BJ站的观测数据资料,分析了该地区地表反照率的时空分布特征。结果表明:藏北高原地区的地表反照率具有明显的日变化和月/季节变化特征。冬、春季的日变化曲线呈“U”形,且曲线形状的变化不如夏、秋季大。6~9月的月平均反照率在全年中最低,5月份月平均反照率波动较大。从季节平均值来说,冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。该地区的平均地表反照率为0.2457;反照率的空间分布很不均匀,其值的大小、曲线的形状在不同站点都很不一样,这与站点的地理位置有关,但天气状况和下垫面属性也起了很大的作用。  相似文献   

Fish fauna recovery in a newly re-flooded Mediterranean coastal lagoon     

Emmanuil Koutrakis  Georgios Sylaios  Nikolaos Kamidis  Dimitrios Markou  Argyris Sapounidis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):505-515

Drana Lagoon, located at the NW site of Evros River Delta, was drained in 1987 and re-flooded in 2004 within the framework of an integrated wetland restoration project. This study presents the results of a monitoring program of the lagoon's oceanographic, water quality and fish fauna characteristics, during the pre- and post-restoration period. Results depict the presence of high salinity water (up to 41) due to seawater intrusion, strong evaporation in its interior and inadequate freshwater inflows. Overall, nutrient levels were low depicting local changes. Tidal variability at the mouth was approximately 0.2 m, producing high velocity tidal currents (up to 0.75 m/s). Eleven fish fauna species were collected; seven species were caught in both the inlet channel and the lagoon during the pre-restoration period and nine species in the post-restoration period. Atherina boyeri (37.6%) and Pomatoschistus marmoratus (31.7%) dominated the lagoon during the post-restoration period. Most of the A. boyeri specimens (88.5%) were caught inside the lagoon, while P. marmoratus had an almost equal distribution in the inlet channel and the lagoon (56.3% and 43.7% respectively). The presence of species of the Mugilidae family (5.2% total average catches after lagoon re-flooding) was mainly in the inlet channel (12.6% of the average catches) and not inside the lagoon (only 1.3% of the average catches). The small number of fish species inhabiting the lagoon might be the result of the recent restoration or it could be related with the increased water flow observed at the lagoon mouth during the flood and ebb tidal phases, and also in the presence of a smooth bank in the concrete waterspout that connects the entrance channel with the lagoon. The limited presence of the Mugilidae juveniles inside the lagoon could be related to the prevailing tidal inlet dynamics (i.e. strong ebb flow at lagoon inlet), thus preventing the species to enter the lagoon. In order to restore the lagoon environment, careful and gradual steps should be undertaken under the basis of continuous monitoring of hydrologic, environmental and fisheries system's status.  相似文献   

Trophic network model of the Northern Adriatic Sea: Analysis of an exploited and eutrophic ecosystem     

Alberto Barausse  Alessandro Duci  Carlotta Mazzoldi  Yuri Artioli  Luca Palmeri 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):577-590

A quantitative model of the trophic network of Northern Adriatic Sea marine ecosystem during the 1990s has been constructed, with the goal of analysing its trophic structure, identifying the key trophic groups and assessing the anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem using the Ecopath modelling protocol. The Northern Adriatic Sea is an eutrophic, shallow basin, and one of the most heavily fished areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The network aggregation into discrete trophic levels sensu Lindeman shows that low trophic levels dominate biomass and energy flows, with 40% of the total system throughput flowing out from trophic level 2. Instead, upper trophic levels appear bottom-up controlled, highly depleted and not exerting any control on the trophic network, as shown by mixed trophic impact-based analyses. Microbial loop is comparable to grazing with respect to the magnitude of flows involved, as 66% of the trophic network flows originate from detritus, which is mainly consumed by bacteria. Key trophic groups are plankton groups, macro-crustaceans and detritus, and other r-selected organisms like squids and small pelagics, which have a great influence on the ecosystem. In particular, zooplankton acts as a bottleneck for energy flows, limiting the energy from the low trophic levels effectively reaching the upper food web. The high pelagic production caused by eutrophication sustains high fishery landings and impressive discard quantities, as well as the benthic compartment. Overall, the ecosystem appears quite productive and in a stressed and developmental status. Model results and comparisons with few existing historical data suggest that the low maturity and stressed state of the Northern Adriatic Sea are not only due to natural characteristics, but mainly to anthropogenic pressures.  相似文献   

Modern changes of tidal troughs among the radial sand ridges in northern Jiangsu coastal zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄海军  杜廷芹  郜昂 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3):658-666

Using satellite images taken on different dates,GIS analysis of aerial photos,bathymetric maps and other field survey data,tidal troughs and major sand ridges in the northern Jiangsu coastal area were contrasted.The results show that there have been three types of movement or migration of tidal trough in this area:(1) Periodic and restricted,this type of trough usually developed along the beaches with immobile gully head as a result of the artificial dams and the swing range increased from gully head to the...  相似文献   

Poleward intrusion in the northern Galician shelf     

I. Alvarez  N. Ospina-Alvarez  M. deCastro  M. Varela  M. Gomez-Gesteira  R. Prego 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The evolution of a warm water mass related to the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) was characterized along the northern Galician shelf in November 2008 by means of Sea Surface Temperature and wind data. It was observed that under upwelling favorable conditions water temperature decreased along the northern coast and a temperature break appeared between Cape Vilano and Cape Ortegal showing a relaxation of the poleward intrusion. The effect of the IPC was also analyzed inside the Northern Galician Rias taking into account the hydrographical and biogeochemical properties measured on November 18. Water driven by the IPC was observed close to the mouth of the rias, around Cape Estaca de Bares, causing a nutrient salts decrease. Inside the rias a slight biological activity was found near surface resulting from fluvial contributions.  相似文献   

A spatially resolved model of seasonal variations in phytoplankton and clam (Tapes philippinarum) biomass in Barbamarco Lagoon,Italy     

C.M. Spillman  D.P. Hamilton  M.R. Hipsey  J. Imberger 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Barbamarco Lagoon (area = 7 km²) is in the Po River Delta, adjoining the Northern Adriatic Sea, and supports a commercially valuable clam (Tapes philippinarum) fishery. This study investigated interactions of the lagoon with adjacent coastal waters and inland riverine inputs by modelling both the lagoon and the Northern Adriatic Sea, using a coupled three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic-ecological model (ELCOM-CAEDYM) adapted to include the clam population. The clam model accounted for carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) biomass in the benthos through parameterisations for filtration, excretion, egestion, respiration, mortality, and harvesting. Multiple clam size classes were included in a new population dynamics sub-model. Output from the coupled model was validated against hydrodynamic and water quality data from intensive field sampling and routine monitoring. Time scales of tidal flushing, primary production and clam grazing were investigated with the model to demonstrate that food supply to clam populations is dominated by phytoplankton inputs from the Northern Adriatic Sea. Effects of clam cultivation on nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass in Barbamarco Lagoon were primarily localised, with strong tidal flushing minimising impacts of clam filtration on lagoon-wide nutrient concentrations at current clam stocking levels. Clam populations were found to alter the cycling of nutrients in the system, causing the lagoon to become a net sink for particulate organic matter and to export dissolved organic matter to the adjacent sea via tidal flushing. Ecosystem health and sensitivity of nutrient cycles to clam cultivation are important considerations for the long term sustainable management and potential expansion of the fishery.  相似文献   

Predictors of species richness in the deep-benthic fauna of the northern Gulf of Mexico     

Richard L. Haedrich  Jennifer A. Devine  Valerie J. Kendall 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(24-26):2650

Species richness in macrofauna and megafauna collected with box cores and trawls from 35 standard stations over a depth range of 175–3720 m in the northern Gulf of Mexico was examined in terms of two primary questions: (1) are observed patterns random? and (2) if not, what environmental factors might account for the patterns? A null model tested whether richness vs. depth distributions were random. Groups with species that had broad vertical depth ranges fit the null model better than groups with small ranges, but for almost all phyla a non-random pattern was indicated. With randomness as a proximal explanation ruled out, further examination of the relationship between richness and environmental factors was justified. A generalized linear model (GLM) showed that a suite of 18 factors categorized as food-related, habitat-related, pollution-related and location-related were significantly related to richness patterns, but that different mixes of factors applied to different phyla. No one factor accounted for any observed patterns. Thus, each taxonomic group needs to be examined individually, and no generally applicable explanation for the causes of richness patterns may exist. Nonetheless, mapping richness itself indicates valuable areas in the Mississippi Trough that must receive special consideration and possible protection.  相似文献   

Identification of a putative tetrasporophyte-specific gene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilaria lemaneiformis</Emphasis> (Gracilariales,Rhodophyte)     

Xueying Ren  Xuecheng Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):299-303

A putative tetrasporophyte-specific gene, designated as SSH466 (GenBank accession No. DQ019223), was one of the genes identified in this work using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method in Gracilaria lemaneiformis. The full length of the gene was obtained using SMART RACE strategy. Sequence analysis revealed that the gene had 1 019 nucleotides, including an open reading frame of 498 nucleotides encoding 166 amino acid residues, 158 nucleotides of 5′ untranslated region and 363 nucleotides of 3′ non-coding region. Protein motif and secondary structure prediction showed that there existed a transmembrane domain with a unique β-sheet. Thus, SSH466 protein might be a cross-membrane protein. Sequence homology search in the public GenBank databases did not reveal any significant match with SSH466. Virtual Northern blot analysis confirmed that it was a tetrasporophyte-specific gene.  相似文献   

2006年6月北大西洋上热带风暴Alberto变性后爆发性发展机理分析     

倪晶  傅刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,51(3):8-23

本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)的ERA5客观再分析资料、气象卫星合作研究所(Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies,CIMSS)...  相似文献