盾构砂性土层所加泡沫剂替代品的工地试验研究     

黄留新  唐汉  盛国新 《江苏地质》2007,31(3):262-267

以上海地铁M8线盾构掘进施工为实例,对掘进过程中所用的进口和国产泡沫剂的性能和效果进行了分析,从中选择有效、经济的泡沫代品,为以后的泡沫法盾构施工提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

Decomposition analysis of the BEAR magnetotelluric data: implications for the upper mantle conductivity in the Fennoscandian Shield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Lahti  T. Korja  P. Kaikkonen  K. Vaittinen  BEAR Working Group 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(3):900-914

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加拿大拉布拉多铀矿化类型和铀矿勘探潜力     

王永春  谭亮  李猛猛  刘行  王龙  张熹鹏 《世界地质》2015,34(1):127-134

拉布拉多(Labrador)地处加拿大地盾东部边缘,其U矿化类型多样,但最重要的是赋存于变质火山岩和沉积岩内的矿化,主要分布于Makkovik省中心矿带区(CMB)的古元古代表壳岩和侵入岩中。该区矿化有岩浆型(伟晶岩和酸性火山岩)、后生--热液型(有些类似于Fe氧化物--Cu--Au(IOCG)型矿床)、剪切带型(可能是变质--交代成因)和砂质沉积岩中的层状矿化,但未发现典型的不整合型。根据其矿化类型,结合已发现矿床的成矿地质特征和矿化地质资料分析,得出该区的一些成矿远景区有较大的勘探潜力,圈定White Bear湖U矿勘查战略选区和Nash湖U矿勘查战略选区。  相似文献   

Broad-scale spatial pattern of forest landscape types in the Guiana Shield     

Valéry Gond  Vincent Freycon  Jean-François Molino  Olivier Brunaux  Florent Ingrassia  Pierre Joubert  Jean-François Pekel  Marie-Françoise Prévost  Viviane Thierron  Pierre-Julien Trombe  Daniel Sabatier 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Detecting broad scale spatial patterns across the South American rainforest biome is still a major challenge. Although several countries do possess their own, more or less detailed land-cover map, these are based on classifications that appear largely discordant from a country to another. Up to now, continental scale remote sensing studies failed to fill this gap. They mostly result in crude representations of the rainforest biome as a single, uniform vegetation class, in contrast with open vegetations. A few studies identified broad scale spatial patterns, but only when they managed to map a particular forest characteristic such as biomass. The main objective of this study is to identify, characterize and map distinct forest landscape types within the evergreen lowland rainforest at the sub-continental scale of the Guiana Shield (north-east tropical South-America 10° North-2° South; 66° West-50° West). This study is based on the analysis of a 1-year daily data set (from January 1st to December 31st, 2000) from the VEGETATION sensor onboard the SPOT-4 satellite (1-km spatial resolution). We interpreted remotely sensed landscape classes (RSLC) from field and high resolution remote sensing data of 21 sites in French Guiana. We cross-analyzed remote sensing data, field observations and environmental data using multivariate analysis. We obtained 33 remotely sensed landscape classes (RSLC) among which five forest-RSLC representing 78% of the forested area. The latter were classified as different broad forest landscape types according to a gradient of canopy openness. Their mapping revealed a new and meaningful broad-scale spatial pattern of forest landscape types. At the scale of the Guiana Shield, we observed a spatial patterns similarity between climatic and forest landscape types. The two most open forest-RSLCs were observed mainly within the north-west to south-east dry belt. The three other forest-RSLCs were observed in wetter and less anthropized areas, particularly in the newly recognized “Guianan dense forest arch”. Better management and conservation policies, as well as improvement of biological and ecological knowledge, require accurate and stable representations of the geographical components of ecosystems. Our results represent a decisive step in this way for the Guiana Shield area and contribute to fill one of the major shortfall in the knowledge of tropical forests.  相似文献   

Post-collisional magmatism in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: The geotectonic evolution of the alkaline suite at Gebel Tarbush area, south Sinai, Egypt     

Esam Sadek Farahat  Mokhles Kamal Azer 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):247-266

Post-collisional alkaline magmatism (∼610–580 Ma) is widely distributed in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), i.e. the northern part of the Egyptian Eastern Desert and Sinai. Alkaline rocks of G. Tarbush constitute the western limb of the Katharina ring complex (∼593 ± 16 Ma) in southern Sinai. This suite commenced with the extrusion of peralkaline volcanics and quartz syenite subvolcanics intruded by syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite. The mineralogy and geochemistry of these rocks indicate an alkaline/peralkaline within-plate affinity. Quartz syenite is relatively enriched in TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Sr, Ba and depleted in SiO₂, Nb, Y, and Rb. The G. Tarbush alkaline suite most likely evolved via fractionation of mainly feldspar and minor mafic phases (hornblende, aegirine) from a common quartz syenite parental magma, which formed via partial melting of middle crustal rocks of ANS juvenile crust. Mantle melts could have provided the heat required for the middle crustal melting. The upper mantle melting was likely promoted by erosional decompression subsequent to lithospheric delamination and crustal uplift during the late-collisional stage of the ANS. Such an explanation could explain the absence or scarce occurrence of mafic and intermediate lithologies in the abundant late- to post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline suites in the northern ANS. Moreover, erosion related to crustal uplift during the late-collision stage could account for the lack or infrequent occurrence of older lithologies, i.e. island arc metavolcanics and marginal basin ophiolites, from the northern part of the ANS.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of granitic rocks of the Jabal Sabir area,South Taiz City,Yemen Republic     

Rasmy I.El-Gharbawy 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(2):193-203

The Tertiary granitic intrusive body(～21 Ma) of the Jabal Sabir area was emplaced during the early stages of the Red Sea opening.This intrusive body occupies the southern sector of Taiz City.It is triangular in shape,affected by two major faults,one of which is in parallel to the Gulf of Aden,and the other is in parallel to the eastern margin of the Red Sea coast.The petrogenesis of such a type of intrusion provides additional information on the origin of the Oligo-Miocene magmatic activity in relation to the rifting tectonics and evolution of this part of the Arabian Shield.The granitic body of Jabal Sabir belongs to the alkaline or peralkaline suite of A-type granites.It is enriched in the REE.The tight bundle plot of its REE pattern reflects neither tectonism nor metamorphism.This granite body is characterized by high alkali(8.7%-10.13%),high-field strength elements(HFSE),but low Sr and Ba and high Zn contents.The abundance of xenoliths from the neighboring country rocks and prophyritic texture of the Jabal Sabir granite body indicate shallow depths of intrusion.The major and trace elements data revealed a fractional crystallization origin,probably with small amounts of crustal contamination.It is interpreted that the Jabal Sabir intrusion represents an anorogenic granite pertaining to the A-type,formed in a within-plate environment under an extensional tectonic setting pertaining to rift-related granites.  相似文献   

The Neoproterozoic layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion of Gabal Imleih, south Sinai, Egypt: Implications of post-collisional magmatism in the north Arabian–Nubian Shield     

M.K. Azer  R.I. El-Gharbawy 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,60(4):253-272

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Geochemistry,petrogenesis and radioactive mineralization of two coeval Neoproterozoic post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granitoid suites from Sinai,Arabian Nubian Shield     

Mohammed Z. El-Bialy  Ahmed E. Shata 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(1):15-39

The Younger Granites of Yahmid-Um Adawi area, located in the southeastern part of Sinai Peninsula, comprise two coeval Late Neoproterozoic post-collisional alkaline (hypersolvous alkali-feldspar granites; 608–580?Ma) and calc-alkaline (transsolvous monzo- and syenogranites; 635–590?Ma) suites. The calc-alkaline suite granitoids are magnesian and peraluminous to metaluminous, whereas the alkaline ones are magnesian to ferroan alkaline to slightly metaluminous. Both granitoid suites exhibit many of the typical geochemical features of A-type granites such as enrichment in Nb (>20?ppm), Zr (>250?ppm), Zn (>100?ppm) and Ce (>100?ppm) and high 10000*Ga/Al₂O₃ ratios (>2.6) and Zr?+?Nb?+?Y?+?Ce (>350?ppm). Accessory mineral saturation thermometers demonstrated former crystallization of apatite at high temperatures prior to zircon and monazite separation from the magma for both granitoid suites. The mild zircon saturation temperatures of the studied Younger Granites (around 800?°C) imply low-temperature crustal fusion and incomplete melting of the largely refractory zircon. The two Younger Granite suites were semi-synchronously evolved during the post-collisional stage of the Arabian-Nubian Shield subsequent to the collision between the juvenile shield crust and the older pre-Neoproterozoic continental blocks of west Gondwana. Their parental magmas has been generated by melting of crustal source rocks with minor involvement from mantle, which might participated chiefly as a source of heat necessary for fusion of the crustal precursor. Extensive in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry revealed anomalously high radioactivity of some Younger Granite exposures along Wadi Um Adawi (eU; 388–746?ppm and eTh; 1857–2527?ppm) and pegmatitic pockets pertaining to the calc-alkaline suite (equivalent U and Th; 212–252?ppm and 750–1757?ppm, respectively). The radioactivity of the syngenetic pegmatites arises from the primary radioactive minerals uranothorite and thorite together with the U- and/or Th-bearing minerals zircon, columbite, samarskite and monazite. The anomalously high radioactivity of some Younger Granite exposures in Wadi Um Adawi stem from their appreciable enclosure of the epigenetic uranium minerals metatorbenite and uranophane.  相似文献   

An example of post-collisional appinitic magmatism with an arc-like signature: the Wadi Nasb mafic intrusion,north Arabian–Nubian Shield,south Sinai,Egypt     

Hisham A. Gahlan  Mohamed A. Obeid  Paul D. Asimow 《International Geology Review》2018,60(7):865-888

We present new data for the Neoproterozoic mafic intrusion exposed in Wadi Nasb, south Sinai, Egypt (northernmost Arabian–Nubian Shield; ANS). The Nasb mafic intrusion (NMI) intrudes metasediments, Rutig volcanics, and diorite/granodiorite, and is intruded in turn by younger monzogranite and quartz-monzonite. Available geochronological data for the country rocks of the NMI provide a tight constraint on its age, between 619 and 610 Ma, during the hiatus between the lower and upper Rutig volcanics. The NMI is neither deformed nor metamorphosed, indicating post-collisional emplacement, and uralitization by late-magmatic and sub-solidus alteration is restricted to the margins of the intrusion. A quantitative fractionation model indicates a fractionating assemblage of 61% primary amphibole, 10% clinopyroxene, 28% plagioclase, 1% biotite, 0.4% apatite, and 0.15% Fe-Ti oxide. Contrary to the recent studies, we find that the nearby diorite of Gebel Sheikh El-Arab is not co-genetic with the appinitic gabbro of the NMI. Although there are volcanic xenoliths in the NMI, we find no chemical evidence requiring contamination by continental crust. A subduction-related signature in a post-orogenic intrusion requires the inheritance of geochemical tendencies from a previous subduction phase. Given that the fine-grained gabbro of the NMI is consistent with a near-primary mantle melt, we attribute this inheritance to persistence and later melting of the slab-modified mantle domains, as opposed to partial melting and assimilation of the juvenile continental crust. The fine-grained gabbro composition indicates derivation at temperature and pressure conditions similar to the sources of mid-ocean ridge basalts: mantle potential temperature near 1350°C and extent of melting about 7%. Such temperatures, neither so high as to require a plume nor so low as to be consistent with small degrees of melting of a volatile-rich source, are most consistent with a lithospheric delamination scenario, allowing the upwelling of fertile, subduction-modified asthenosphere to depths ≤50 km.  相似文献   

The Baker Creek Research Watershed: Streamflow data highlighting the behaviour of an intermittent Canadian Shield stream through a wet–dry–wet cycle     

Christopher Spence  Newell Hedstrom 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14038

Baker Creek drains water from subarctic Canadian Shield terrain comprised of a mix of exposed Precambrian bedrock, lakes, open black spruce forest and peat filled depressions. Research in the catchment has focused on hydrological processes at the hillslope and catchment scales. Streamflow is gauged from several diverse sub-catchments ranging in size from 9 to 155 km². The period of record (2003–2019) of streamflow from these sub-catchments extends from 12 to 17 years, and these data are the focus of this note. Such data are unique in this remote region. 2003–2019 was a period that included both historic wet and dry conditions. Observations during such a diversity of conditions are helping to improve understanding of how stream networks that drain this landscape expand and contract in response to short and long hydroclimatic cycles. These data from a distinctly cold and dry region of low relief, thin soils, exposed bedrock and permafrost are a valuable contribution to the global diversity of research catchment data.  相似文献