催化臭氧化降解有机废水及影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜桂荣孙占学  童少平黄克玲 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(2):173-177

主要论述了自制的V-O型催化荆催化臭氧化降解有机废水的研究。试验表明，以TiO2，SiO2，ZrO2作栽体，在氮气或氧气中焙烧，而制得的6种催化荆中，V-O／SiO2／N2显示了较好的催化性能和活性；通过催化荆吸附试验和在反应体系中加入一定量的自由基猝灭荆，初步探讨了其催化机理，即催化荆和臭氧反应，生成了氧化性极强的羟基自由基；催化臭氧化时间、催化荆用量、进气臭氧浓度、体系pH值等因素均对降解产生一定的影响。  相似文献   

中国高放废物地质处置:现状和展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张华祝 《铀矿地质》2004,20(4):193-195

本文阐述了中国的高放废物处置政策,回顾了中国高放废物地质处置在选址和场址评价、缓冲回填材料等方面的进展,提出了中国高放废物地质处置的初步规划,指出我国计划在2015年确定地下实验室场址.还展望了国际合作前景.  相似文献   

Field vibration mitigation by honeycomb WIB for pile foundations of a high-speed train viaduct   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hirokazu Takemiya   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(1):69-87

Environmental vibrations from recent high-speed trains are becoming a special concern in the civil and environmental engineering field since they can give detrimental effects to residents, sensitive equipments and high-tech production facilities in the vicinity of train tacks. Herein, aiming at the vibration mitigation for a specific high-tech industrial area, the low-frequency vibrations from a train viaduct are targeted over an anticipated range. A theoretically designed innovative countermeasure, called honeycomb wave impeding barrier (WIB) for a wave impeding barrier, is introduced and its effects are investigated by computer simulation. The present WIB is based on the wave dispersion phenomenon that can modulate the incoming wavelengths into the shorter wavelengths, creating an apparent wave cut-off characteristic in the wave field across WIB installation area. The shorter wavelengths are further impeded due to the impedance ratio of the WIB walls and in-fill materials and absorbed by the in-fills more. The three-dimensional FEM simulation demonstrates a dramatic reduction effect that is difficult to achieve by conventional measures.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯深盆气与铀矿化关系初探   总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24  

张如良 《铀矿地质》2004,20(4):213-218,234

深盆气是非常规的天然气藏。鄂尔多斯深盆气与铀矿化有密切关系，上古生界气源层铀含量丰富、易浸出，故也为铀源层。在铀源层成岩时所形成的压榨水(即深层水)，经燕山期热事件快速增温增压，使铀的溶解度大大增加。此时也正是盆地生气高峰期，气压远远大于水压，气体推动深层水沿断裂向上扩散。在上覆透水层，由于地表水的参与形成复杂的气水地球化学垒，使铀沉积成矿。本文还总结了该类型铀矿的找矿准则。  相似文献   

Simplified evaluation for swelling characteristics of bentonites   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Hideo Komine   《Engineering Geology》2004,71(3-4):265-279

Bentonite is currently planned to be used as buffer and backfill materials for repositories of high-level nuclear waste because these materials must have the swelling characteristics to seal the waste. In the design for buffer and backfill materials, we must choose the adequate bentonite among many kinds of bentonite in the world. The database of the swelling characteristics of various bentonites and its evaluation will be available when we will select the adequate bentonite. For this purpose, this study performed the laboratory tests on the swelling pressure and swelling deformation of four kinds of bentonite produced in Japan and the United States. These bentonites have different physicochemical properties. This study investigated the characteristics of swelling pressure and swelling deformation from the viewpoint of the physicochemical properties of each bentonite. Furthermore, this study also proposed the simplified evaluation of swelling characteristics of various bentonites on the basis of microscopic analysis.  相似文献   

黑麦草在净化富营养化水的人工湿地生态工程中的作用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

牛晓音  葛滢  常杰  关保华  徐青山 《湿地科学》2004,2(3):202-207

在人工湿地生态工程中利用黑麦草(Lolium perenne L．)净化污水，得到了较好的效果。结果表明：利用黑麦草在冬春季节的生长，可使亚热带地区人工湿地常年运行，黑麦草在3—4月份对水体就有明显的净化作用。在春夏季节，特别在5月份黑麦草可以获得较高的生物量和N、P的积累量，因而净化贡献最大。从产草量方面考虑，延长黑麦草的生长期能获得较高的生物量；从植物体所含营养物质状况和饲用价值看，增加收割次数的黑麦草N、P含量高，饲用价值高；但从黑麦草对污水中N、P的吸收和积累量方面考虑，收割次数过高则不利于黑麦草对污水的净化及N、P的累积。从上述几方面综合考虑，在黑麦草整个生长期收割次数以2．3次为宜。  相似文献   

海南博螯沿岸地貌与人类活动的潜在影响     

朱大奎  殷勇  I.Peter Martini 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(2)

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods.The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.  相似文献   

Efficient use of resources: urban waste ash and soil fertility on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria     

M W Pasquini  F Harris 《Area》2005,37(1):17-29

Waste disposal constitutes an acute problem in numerous African cities. One solution could lie in the recycling of the nutrient-rich waste into agriculture taking place in and around cities. Farmers involved in vegetable production around Jos, Nigeria, have developed a sophisticated soil fertility management strategy combining inorganic fertilizers, manure and urban waste ash. This paper: (1) investigates the socio-economic constraints linked to obtaining scarce organic inputs, particularly urban waste ash and the health hazards (particularly heavy metal contamination of soil and crops) caused by using this ash and (2) suggests ways to improve use of this important resource.  相似文献   

Temperature and pH Dependence of Some Metals Leaching from Fly Ash of Municipal Solid Waste     

Lallan Prasad Gupta    Hodaka Kawahata    Mio Takeuchi  Hidekazu Ohta  Yoshiro Ono 《Resource Geology》2005,55(4):357-372

Abstract. Municipal solid waste combustion leads to concentration of various metals in the solid residue (fly ash) remaining after combustion. These metals pose serious environmental hazard and require proper handling and monitoring in order to control their harmful effects. Leachability of some metals from fly ash was examined in fly ash and Milli-Q water mixture (liquid-to-solid ratio, 100) under various temperature and pH conditions in the laboratory. The leaching experiments conducted for 24 hours showed that pH was generally more important than temperature in controlling the amount of metals leached out of the fly ash. However, at a given pH, rise in temperature led to different degree of (usually one to two fold) enhanced or reduced leaching of metals. Owing to amphoteric nature of oxides of Al, Cr, Pb and Zn, these metals often yielded typical pattern of increase and decrease in their concentrations with change in pH. The extent of leaching of Cr and Pb in our experiments suggests that decrease of pH to acidic range in the case of Pb and to neutral to acidic range for Cr over a long period of storage of fly ash at solid waste dumping site may facilitate leaching of these metals from fly ash, leading to contamination of groundwater to the level that exceeds beyond the level permitted by the environmental laws.  相似文献   

Preservation of coal-waste geochemical markers in vegetation and soil on self-heating coal-waste dumps in Silesia,Poland     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(2):211-226

Occurrence and distributions of geochemical markers on vegetation and in soils covering two self-heating coal waste dumps were investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and compared with those of bitumen expelled on the coal waste dump surface. Presence of biomarkers, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and such polar compounds as phenols indicate that components of self-heating coal wastes indeed migrate to soils and plants surface and their characteristic fingerprints can be applied in passive monitoring to investigate migration of contaminants from self-heating coal wastes. Moreover, results allow to discriminate between the Upper- and Lower Silesian coal basins, notwithstanding value shifts caused by heating. Mechanisms enabling the migration of geochemical compounds into soils include mixing with weathered coal-waste material, transport in gases emitted due to self-heating and, indirectly, by deposition of biomass containing geochemical substances. Transport in gases involves mostly lighter compounds such as phenols, methylnaphthalenes, methylbiphenyls, etc. Distributions and values of geochemical ratios are related to differences in their boiling temperatures in the case of lighter compounds but preserve geochemical features in the case of heavier compounds such as pentacyclic trierpanes.  相似文献