Changes in phytoplankton diversity and community composition along the salinity gradient of the Schelde estuary (Belgium/The Netherlands)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Koenraad Muylaert  Koen Sabbe  Wim Vyverman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Phytoplankton diversity and community composition were studied along the Schelde river–estuary–coastal zone continuum during the summer of 2003. DCA analysis indicated a gradual compositional turnover of the phytoplankton community within the estuary. GAM modelling of species response curves along the estuarine gradient was used to identify taxa that had their population maximum in the river, the coastal zone or within the estuary. Taxa that had their population maximum within the estuary did not form a homogenous community but comprised species with different salinity optima and rather restricted salinity tolerances. The observed changes in community composition along the estuarine transition zone correspond more closely to an ecocline than to an ecotone model. Despite the fact that few taxa had their population maximum at or near the salinity gradient, alpha diversity did not display a minimum around the salinity gradient. This lack of a diversity minimum within the estuary was ascribed to an important contribution of taxa of riverine or coastal origin to alpha diversity within the estuary contributed. On average 55% of the alpha diversity in the estuarine samples was due to riverine or coastal taxa. Beta diversity displayed a clear maximum around the salinity gradient. For planktonic organisms which are subject to mass effects, beta diversity is probably a better indicator for the impact of the salinity gradient on diversity in estuaries than alpha diversity.  相似文献   

黑河中游绿洲及绿洲-荒漠生态脆弱带土壤含水量空间分异研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

张勃  张华  张凯  张明军  林清  鲁安新  郭正刚 《地理研究》2007,26(2):321-327

以黑河中游平川绿洲和六坝绿洲为例,对绿洲及绿洲-荒漠生态过渡带土壤含水量空间分异进行了分析研究。结果表明:在无灌溉条件下绿洲及绿洲-荒漠生态过渡带的土壤含水量水平分异明显,绿洲土壤含水量高于绿洲-荒漠生态过渡带和荒漠地区土壤含水量,并出现从绿洲到绿洲-荒漠过渡带和荒漠依次递减的趋势,主要受土壤性状、土壤水分水平运动和绿洲-荒漠局地大气环流影响;绿洲活动层土壤含水量垂直分异上表现为从表层向下逐渐增加,而过渡带和荒漠区活动层土壤含水量垂直分异则是表层和底层比20~30cm处低,可能与荒漠土壤凝结水的形成与运动有关。受绿洲地下水过度开采和绿洲边缘人类活动影响,在绿洲-荒漠过渡带形成了生态裂谷,对绿洲生态系统的安全构成威胁。  相似文献   

水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王朝  周立志  戴秉国  古辰  蒋忠冠 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1403-1414

水位的洪枯变化通过江湖连通影响泛滥平原湖泊鱼类的组成和分布,因而江湖过渡带是反映泛滥平原生态系统鱼类交流和多样性变动的关键区域.尽管如此,针对江湖过渡带鱼类群落随水位洪枯变化的研究十分匮乏.本研究以菜子湖江湖过渡带为例,分别在洪水和枯水期选取包括静水和流水生境的样点对鱼类群落进行系统的调查采样,探讨水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.共采集到鱼类6目12科37属52种,其中,洪水期和枯水期物种数差异显著,分别采集到鱼类50和42种,而静水生境和流水生境物种数差异不明显,分别采集到鱼类47和48种.与洪水期相比,枯水期山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别减少了7.3%、6.3%、14.4%和12.0%;与静水生境相比,流水生境山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别增加了5.3%、14.6%、18.0%和22.3%.SIMPER分析结果显示,麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、蛇鮈（Saurogobio dabryi）、（Hemiculter leucisculus）、鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、短颌鲚（Coilia brachygnathus）、似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、翘嘴鲌（Culter ilishaeformis）、达氏鲌（Culter dabryi）、光唇蛇鮈（Saurogobio gymnocheilus）和无须鱊（Acheilognathus gracilis）是引起水位洪枯变化以及不同生境类型鱼类群落结构差异的主要物种.优势度分析结果表明枯水期和静水生境的优势种鱼类相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为鲤、鲫、和似鳊;而洪水期和流水生境的优势种鱼类同样相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为麦穗鱼、蛇鮈、光唇蛇鮈和短颌鲚.通过双因素方差分析解析了水位洪枯变化和不同生境类型对鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.发现洪枯水位变化仅对物种多样性指数中的物种数（Richness）产生显著差异,而对功能多样性的3个指数（功能丰富度指数（FRic）、功能离散指数（FDiv）和功能分散指数（FDis））均有显著影响.洪水期鱼类的Richness、FRic、FDiv和FDis指数均显著高于枯水期.同时,静水生境条件下的FRic指数要显著高于流水生境.本研究发现,与传统的物种多样性相比,基于功能性状的功能多样性对水位的洪枯变动更为敏感,河流周期性洪泛是泛滥平原生态系统中鱼类功能补充的重要方式.  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带空间贫困分异特征、减贫需求与扶贫对策研究——以新疆和田地区为例          下载免费PDF全文

李东  邢素珍  关靖云  崔春雨  陈玥彤  王玉清 《干旱区地理》2019,42(4):933-942

干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带具有自然环境恶劣、社会发展滞后、经济基础薄弱、人口素质较低、贫困现象普遍的显著特征。依据空间贫困理论、GIS空间分析技术和TOPSIS模型,研究了和田地区空间贫困等级、致贫原因及其障碍度指数,并提出了相应的扶贫对策建议。结果表明：（1）和田地区一级贫困区包括和田县（0.528 0）、民丰县（0.466 3）;二级贫困区包括皮山县（0.387 1）、于田县（0.378 8）、和田市（0.371 5）、策勒县（0.348 3）、墨玉县（0.325 7）;三级贫困区包括洛浦县（0.221 3）。（2）和田地区排序前五的减贫需求包括：生产资料（86.8%）、资金（85.5%）、住房（74.3%）、教育培训（67.0%）和饮水（64.7%）。针对研究区的空间贫困分异特征以及减贫需求,从完善公共基础设施、实施转移就业行动、发展特色优势产业、改善生产生活条件、加大教育培训力度与金融扶持力度等方面提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

The Distribution Patterns of Timberline and Its Response to Climate Change in the Himalayas     

SHI Peili  WU Ning  Gopal S. RAWAT 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(4):342-348

Himalayan region represents the highest and most diverse treeline over the world. As one of the most conspicuous boundaries between montane forests and alpine vegetation, the alpine timberline attracted the interest of researchers for many decades. However, timberline in the Himalayas is understudied compared with European counterparts due to remoteness. Here we review the distribution pattern of timberline and its climatic condition, the carbon and nutrient supply mechanism for treeline formation, and treeline shift and treeline tree recruitment under climate change scenarios. Growth limitation, rather than carbon source limitation is the physiological cause of timberline under the low temperature condition. Nutrient limitation and water stress are not the direct cause of timberline formation. However, more clear local limitation factors are need to integrate in order to enable us to predict the potential impacts and changes caused by human activity and related global change in this sensitive region.  相似文献   

Exploring the spatio-temporal impacts of farmland reforestation on ecological connectivity using circuit theory: A case study in the agro-pastoral ecotone of North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liu  Xiaojing  Liu  Dianfeng  Zhao  Hongzhuo  He  Jianhua  Liu  Yaolin 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(9):1419-1435

Farmland reforestation can contribute substantially to ecological restoration.Previous studies have extensively examined the ecological effects of farmland reforestation,but few of them have investigated the spatiotemporal responses of broad-scale landscape connectivity to reforestation.By using a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China as a case study,we addressed this issue based on an innovative integration of circuit theory approach and counterfactual analysis.The forest connectivity through multiple dispersal pathways was measured using the circuit theory approach,and its spatiotemporal changes after reforestation were evaluated by counterfactual analysis.The results showed that from 2000–2015,the reforested farmland occupied 2095 km~2,and 12.5% was on steeply sloped land.Farmland reforestation caused a greater increase in ecological connectivity by adding new ecological corridors and stepping stones in scattered forest areas rather than in areas with dense forest distributions.The newly added corridors and stepping stones were fragmented,short and narrow and thus deserve powerful protection.Future reforestation to improve landscape connectivity should highlight pinch point protection and obstacle removal as well as the tradeoff between farmland loss and farmer survival.Our findings are expected to inform the optimization of the Grain for Green policy from the perspective of broad-scale biodiversity conservation.  相似文献   

Measured and computed neutralization potentials from static tests of diverse rock types     

J. L. Jambor  J. E. Dutrizac  M. Raudsepp 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(6):1019-1028

Desert–oasis ecotone is an interactive area between desert and oasis ecosystems which plays an important role in ensuring oasis ecological security and maintaining oasis internal stabilization. The studied region had experienced dramatic landscape change and soil degradation during the 20th century, especially in the last two decades. To document the status and evaluate this degradation process, geostatistics and GIS map algebra were used to quantify the temporal–spatial changes in landscape pattern and soil degradation from 1983 to 2005. The results showed that: (1) the change of landscape pattern due to human activities was the key reason responsible for the increasing of landscape diversity and fragmentation; (2) the extent of soil degradation was higher near desert ecosystem than oasis, and human activities were the major driving forces in ameliorating the soil properties; and (3) soil degradation is weaker in regions of bad soil quality than regions of good soil quality due to both human activities and natural processes.  相似文献   

Holocene sediments of Sägistalsee, a small lake at the present-day tree-line in the Swiss Alps     

A.F. Lotter  H.J.B. Birks 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(3):253-260

Sägistalsee is a small lake located at the modern tree-line in the Swiss Alps. A 13.5 m long core taken in the central part of the 9.5 m deep basin consists of clayey silts and sands and dates back to about 9000 cal. BP. These sediments have a low organic content that steadily increases from 4–8% loss-on-ignition at 550 °C towards the top of the core, whereas the carbonate content decreases from 20 to about 10% loss-on-ignition at 950 %C. We outline the aims of an interdisciplinary research project centred on the Holocene sediments of Sägistalsee. We also present information about the lake, its sediments, and its catchment that forms the basis for different biotic and abiotic multi-proxy studies carried out on the sediments of Sägistalsee.  相似文献   

气象因子对黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区风沙活动的影响     

胡广录  王德金  廖亚鑫  樊立娟  张宏伟 《中国沙漠》2015,35(4):865-873

气候变化对荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区的风沙活动影响巨大,对该区植被的演化趋势有着重要作用。利用2012-2013年的气象资料,结合植被区255个样点的风蚀积沙量野外观测资料,分析了甘肃临泽县荒漠-绿洲过渡带气候变化特征及其对地表风沙活动的影响。结果表明:(1)2012年和2013年平均气温、积温(≥10 ℃)变化均呈单峰型,平均温度影响近地面空气对流运动,积温(≥10 ℃)影响植被的生长,两者间接地影响风沙运动;(2)2012年和2013年降水差异显著,空气相对湿度呈双谷型变化,降水和空气湿度对地表下垫面的影响十分复杂,对风沙活动的影响较为复杂;(3)2012年和2013年起沙风频率变化呈三峰型,全年输沙势分别为412.21VU、375.41VU,分别属于高风能环境、中风能环境,方向变率指数0.31~0.78,以中变率为主;(4)2012年和2013年输沙率同输沙势或合成输沙势均呈非线性相关且强弱不同,2012年在小变率条件下输沙率受输沙势的影响较大,受合成输沙势的影响较小;2013年在中变率条件下输沙率受合成输沙势的影响较小,受输沙势的影响较大。  相似文献   

新疆策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带地表沙物质理化性质空间差异   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毛东雷  雷加强  李生宇  刘国军  郑则浩  薛杰 《中国沙漠》2015,35(1):136-144

植被盖度、地形等会对荒漠区风沙土壤理化性质产生影响.对策勒自流沙前沿沿主风向到绿洲边缘的柽柳沙堆顶部、流动沙丘顶部、裸露平沙地3种地貌部位表面沙物质理化性质分析,结果表明:流动沙丘顶部沙物质平均粒径3.47～2.6 Φ,明显粗于裸露平沙地和柽柳沙堆顶部沙粒,从流沙前沿到绿洲边缘沙物质有细化趋势,流沙前沿平沙地上沙粒平均粒径比绿洲边缘裸露平沙地沙粒平均粒径粗0.44 Φ;在空间上沙物质分选系数差异不大,分选性都为中等偏上-中等;平沙地和流动沙丘顶部沙粒偏度为-0.06～0.06,相对于平均值分布近对称.柽柳沙堆顶部沙粒偏度分布在0.05～0.25,大都属于极细偏;流动沙丘顶部和平沙地沙粒都表现为中等峰态,柽柳沙堆顶部沙粒大多表现为窄峰态.柽柳沙堆顶部大部分沙物质pH为酸性,其余地貌部位沙粒都表现为碱性,3种地貌单元含盐量与地形高低关系较密切.不同地貌部位地表沙物质总盐量表现为:柽柳沙堆顶部 > 裸露平沙地 > 流动沙丘顶部,流动沙丘顶部沙粒含盐量最少,越靠近绿洲柽柳沙堆顶部沙粒总盐量愈高.  相似文献