东昆仑山清水泉镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的地球化学特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

龙晓平  王立社余能 《地质通报》2004,23(7):664-669

东昆仑清水泉地区发育—套镁铁质—超镁铁质岩块组合，玄武岩Ti2O含量平均为2．11％，∑LREE／∑HREE=4．64～7．58，(La/Lu)N平均值705，稀土配分曲线平缓右倾，δEu平均值1．08；玄武岩大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Th)富集，Sr相对亏损，高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Yb)为负异常，Th／Ta平均值51．03，(La／Nb)N=1．44～4．25，Zr／Nb=14．53～17．71，Zr／Y=4．68～6．79，Th／Yb、Ta／Yb和Ce／Yb平均值分别为6．50、0．20和23．61。这些特征显示大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征。不是蛇绿岩组成单元。  相似文献   

Reaction-induced weakening of plagioclase–olivine composites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.A. de Ronde  H. Stünitz  J. Tullis  R. Heilbronner 《Tectonophysics》2005,409(1-4):85-106

The localisation of strain into natural ductile shear zones is often associated with the occurrence of metamorphic reactions. In order to study the effects of solid–solid mineral reactions on plastic deformation of rocks, we have investigated the shear deformation of plagioclase–olivine composites during the reaction plagioclase + olivine → orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + spinel (± garnet). Microstructures of plagioclase–olivine composites were studied after shear deformation experiments in a Griggs apparatus. Experiments were performed on anorthite–forsterite (An–Fo) and labradorite–forsterite (Lab–Fo) composites at 900 °C, confining pressures between 1000–1600 MPa and with constant shear strain rates of 5 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹.In absence of reaction, Lab–Fo composites are stronger than pure olivine and labradorite end-members that deform with a high temperature plasticity mechanism. Lab–Fo composites strain–harden due to the inhibition of extensive recrystallisation by interphase boundaries.In An–Fo composites, the reaction induces strain weakening by a switch from dislocation creep to grain size sensitive deformation mechanisms through the development of fine-grained (size < 0.5 μm) polyphase reaction products. Interconnecting layers of reaction products accommodate most of the applied strain by grain size sensitive creep. Recovery processes are pronounced during syndeformational reaction: original anorthite and olivine dynamically recrystallise by subgrain rotation and bulging recrystallisation. Presumably, the dynamic recrystallisation is caused by reduced stress conditions and partitioning of strain and strain rates between the new reaction products and the relict An–Fo grains. The results of our experiments are in good agreement with natural observations of shear localisation in the lower crust and upper mantle, and imply that anhydrous mineral reactions can be important causes for localisation of deformation.  相似文献   

藏南羊卓雍错南部桑秀组火山岩的特征及构造环境   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

钟华明  童劲松夏军鲁如魁  邱军强 《地质通报》2005,24(1):72-79

羊卓雍错南部桑秀组中分布有由玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩构成的海相火山岩组合，区域露头上玄武岩占绝对优势，喷发时代为晚侏罗世晚期-早白垩世早期。区域资料显示，这一时期该地区处于冈瓦纳大陆的被动陆缘。地球化学特征表明，本区火山岩与洋脊玄武岩和洋岛型玄武岩有明显区别，显示大陆拉张带或大陆裂谷亚碱性拉斑玄武岩的特征。  相似文献   

Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean     

Katja Deckart  Gilbert F  raud  Herv  Bertrand 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1997,150(3-4):205-220

A detailed ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study, of mineral separates from the Jurassic Atlantic Continental Tholeiites (JACT) of Guyana (French Guyana and Surinam, South America), and Guinea (West Africa) related to the initial opening of the Central Atlantic, has been carried out. In French Guyana, plateau ages of 196.0 ± 5.7 Ma and 196.1 ± 7.5 Ma were obtained on single, small amphibole grains from NNW—SSE trending dykes. In Guinea, single biotite grains from intrusive formations from the Kakoulima and Fouta Djalon areas yielded plateau ages of 200.4 ± 0.2 Ma and 194.8 ± 0.5 Ma, concordant with high temperature apparent ages on other biotites. The bulk plagioclase samples display disturbed age spectra due to alteration and excess argon. However, intermediate temperature, weighted mean plagioclase ages are similar in both regions of Guyana and Guinea, ranging from 200.2 ± 2.4 Ma to 188.7 ± 1.9 Ma, partly in agreement with the amphibole and biotite data.

These data, combined with previous ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and U/Pb results from the northern part of the Central Atlantic margins, indicate intense magmatic activity distributed over a large area from Iberia to Liberia (ca. 4500 km long) for a short period of time (204-195 Ma, perhaps less for the bulk of the magmatism) during the initial break-up of Pangea continent. These data do not support an initiation of the magmatism from a radial volcano-tectonic system centred in the south of the region, as suggested by May [1], and the initial break-up seems to affect the whole Central Atlantic during a period of 9 Ma.  相似文献   

西南极长城站地区第三系火山岩岩石学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑祥身  刘小汉  杨瑞英 《岩石学报》1988,4(1)

长城站地区出露的第三系火山岩包括熔岩、火山碎屑岩及各种次火山岩。熔岩主要为玄武安山岩和玄武岩,普遍具有斑状结构,基质为间粒、交织结构。斑晶多为基性斜长石,也有少量普通辉石。岩石化学成分显示硅酸弱不饱和至弱饱和、低钾、钛、高钙、富铝(Al_2O_3>17%)。稀土及其它微量元素的特点亦说明该建造属岛弧火山活动的产物,基本属于钙碱性玄武岩,同时具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩的某些特征。  相似文献   

橄榄石晶格优选方位和上地幔地震波速各向异性   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

金振民 Ji  SC 《地球物理学报》1994,37(4):469-477

根据福建省明溪幔源包体（二辉橄榄岩）中橄榄石晶格优选方位（ＬＰＯ）及其晶体弹性刚度系数，计算了地震波速度及其各向异性．研究结果表明，该区地震波各向异性是由橄榄石塑性流动产生晶格优选方位而引起的．与构造背景有关的ＶＰ，Ｖｓ１，Ｖｓ２和△Ｖｓ分布特征表明，中国东南沿海地区上地幔物质流动方向（由ＮＷＷ向ＳＥＥ）与橄榄石［１００］定向排列方向（ａ轴）和ＶＰ最大方向有一致的趋势．  相似文献   

Role of olivine cumulates in destabilizing the flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes     

D. A. Clague  R. P. Denlinger 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(6-7):425-434

The south flank of Kilauea Volcano is unstable and has the structure of a huge landslide; it is one of at least 17 enormous catastrophic landslides shed from the Hawaiian Islands. Mechanisms previously proposed for movement of the south flank invoke slip of the volcanic pile over seafloor sediments. Slip on a low friction décollement alone cannot explain why the thickest and widest sector of the flank moves more rapidly than the rest, or why this section contains a 300 km³ aseismic volume above the seismically defined décollement. It is proposed that this aseismic volume, adjacent to the caldera in the direction of flank slip, consists of olivine cumulates that creep outward, pushing the south flank seawards. Average primary Kilauea tholeiitic magma contains about 16.5 wt.% MgO compared with an average 10 wt.% MgO for erupted subaerial and submarine basalts. This difference requires fractionation of 17 wt.% (14 vol.%) olivine phenocrysts that accumulate near the base of the magma reservoir where they form cumulates. Submarine-erupted Kilauea lavas contain abundant deformed olivine xenocrysts derived from these cumulates. Deformed dunite formed during the tholeiitic shield stage is also erupted as xenoliths in subsequent alkalic lavas. The deformation structures in olivine xenocrysts suggest that the cumulus olivine was densely packed, probably with as little as 5–10 vol.% intercumulus liquid, before entrainment of the xenocrysts. The olivine cumulates were at magmatic temperatures (>1100°C) when the xenocrysts were entrained. Olivine at 1100°C has a rheology similar to ice, and the olivine cumulates should flow down and away from the summit of the volcano. Flow of the olivine cumulates places constant pressure on the unbuttressed seaward flank, leading to an extensional region that localizes deep intrusions behind the flank; these intrusions add to the seaward push. This mechanism ties the source of gravitational instability to the caldera complex and deep rift systems and, therefore, limits catastrophic sector failure of Hawaiian volcanoes to their active growth phase, when the core of olivine cumulates is still hot enough to flow.  相似文献   

氧分压对橄榄石单晶体高温蠕变影响的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

金振民 Bai  Q 《地质科学》1994,29(1):19-28

在氧分压10^-4-10^-10atm,温度1250-1500℃和应力21.5-150MPa条件下,对橄榄石单晶高温蠕变速率与氧分压之间关系进行了系统实验研究。实验结果表明,氧分压大小直接控制了橄榄石高温蠕变速率的变化;橄榄石位错攀移是通过氧空位点缺陷扩散作用而完成的;橄榄石[110]₆₉,[101]₆和[011]₆不同结晶学方向具有不同流变强度和氧分压指数。  相似文献   

The Purimetla gabbros,Prakasam District,Andhra Pradesh,India     

J. Ratnakar  C. Leelanandam 《Journal of Earth System Science》1985,94(3):305-313

Gabbros at Purimetla occur in close association with the alkaline pluton. Petrography and petrochemistry of these gabbros indicate their tholeiitic nature. Chemical variation of these tholeiites suggests that an initial undersaturated tholeiitic magma yielded oversaturated fractions in the final stages of differentiation. Their regional distribution suggests that basic magmatism preceded the emplacement of the alkaline rocks in the Prakasam alkaline province.  相似文献   

Electron microscopy of olivine with perfect cleavage     

T. R. N. Kutty  G. N. Subbanna  G. V. Anantha Iyer 《Journal of Earth System Science》1983,92(3):283-295

Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) of unusual olivine (Fo = 88) crystals, with perfect (010) cleavages, from Chalk Hills, Salem, Tamil Nadu has been carried out. SEM studies reveal the effect of compressive stress. Microstructures by TEM showed the abundance of curved dislocations with jogs, kinks and dipoles, indicative of the dominant climb, characteristic of high temperature deformation. The stacking fault fringes observed in olivine are due to mechanical weakening caused by nonstructural chemical constituents. The evidences for this come from fiuid-microinclusions observed and higher amount of K, Na, Rb and Sr in the olivine. Hydrolytic weakening through dislocation glide motion, assisted by H₂O containing incompatible elements, may break the metal-oxygen bonds. This leads to perfect parting of crystallographic planes under deformational stress, during solid emplacement of the dunite. The easily cleavable planes are those with the largest interplanar spacings.  相似文献