Nonlinear simulations of wave-induced motions of a freely floating body using WCSPH method     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

Nonlinear interactions between waves and floating bodies are investigated using the weakly compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (WCSPH) method. An improved algorithm based on the dynamic boundary particles (DBPs) is proposed to treat the moving boundary of the floating body. The force exerted on the floating body boundary particle by the particles surrounding it is evaluated using the volume integration of the stress tensors obtained from the momentum equation in its compact support. The improved WCSPH model is validated by the experimental results. The numerical test cases of the vertical oscillation of a rectangular box, the damped rolling oscillation of a floating box and the wave forces on a fixed rectangular box are then carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model. Finally the evolution in time of the dynamic response of the freely floating body under nonlinear waves are discussed and compared with experimental results.  相似文献   

Cold seeps at the salt front in the Lower Congo Basin II: The impact of spatial and temporal evolution of salt-tectonics on hydrocarbon seepage     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

This study investigates the distribution and evolution of seafloor seepage in the vicinity of the salt front, i.e., the seaward boundary of salt-induced deformation in the Lower Congo Basin (LCB). Seafloor topography, backscatter data and TV-sled observations indicate active fluid seepage from the seafloor directly at the salt front, whereas suspected seepage sites appear to be inactive at a distance of >10 km landward of the deformation front. High resolution multichannel seismic data give detailed information on the structural development of the area and its influence on the activity of individual seeps during the geologic evolution of the salt front region. The unimpeded migration of gas from fan deposits along sedimentary strata towards the base of the gas hydrate stability zone within topographic ridges associated with relatively young salt-tectonic deformation facilitates seafloor seepage at the salt front. Bright and flat spots within sedimentary successions suggest geological trapping of gas on the flanks of mature salt structures in the eastern part of the study area. Onlap structures associated with fan deposits which were formed after the onset of salt-tectonic deformation represent potential traps for gas, which may hinder gas migration towards seafloor seeps. Faults related to the thrusting of salt bodies seawards also disrupt along-strata gas migration pathways. Additionally, the development of an effective gas hydrate seal after the cessation of active salt-induced uplift and the near-surface location of salt bodies may hamper or prohibit seafloor seepage in areas of advanced salt-tectonic deformation. This process of seaward shifting active seafloor seepage may propagate as seaward migrating deformation affects Congo Fan deposits on the abyssal plain. These observations of the influence of the geologic evolution of the salt front area on seafloor seepage allows for a characterization of the large variety of hydrocarbon seepage activity throughout this compressional tectonic setting.  相似文献   

Fracturing and cementation of shallow buried Miocene proximal alluvial fan deposits     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Fluid flow in fractures and host rocks has been investigated in shallow buried Miocene alluvial fan deposits. A structural, petrographical (optical, CL, SE microscopes and XRD) and geochemical (microprobe and δ¹⁸O-δ¹³C stable isotopes) study has been performed in normal faults affecting Serravalian-Tortonian siliciclastic rocks of the Vallès-Penedès basin. These faults formed during the development of the Vallès-Penedès fault-related syncline, which caused the rotation of the earliest fractures. Faulting occurred continuously before, during and after host rock cementation. Rocks affected by faulting are represented by clay-rich gouges, which formed thanks to the high phyllite clast content within the otherwise clean and mature sandstones and conglomerates. Despite the low permeability of these rocks, cross-fault and fault-parallel fluid flows occurred in most of the faults.Host rocks and veins were cemented by two generations of calcite, i.e. Cc1 and Cc2. Cc1 precipitated from meteoric waters at shallow burial conditions whereas Cc2 precipitated from meteoric waters in a confined aquifer.Palygorskite has been identified in shear zones within the gouges indicating their later formation by interaction of Mg-rich fluids with previous smectites. These fluids probably derived from Miocene seawater expelled from the underlying Transitional–Marine Complex “TMC” by compaction.Sedimentation, fracturing and cementation occurred in a very short lapse time of about 6–7 Ma, between the Serravalian-Tortonian age of the sediments and the end of the extensional tectonics in the Vallès-Penedès fault (Pliocene).  相似文献   

A view on capsizing under direct and parametric wave excitation     

Abdi Kükner 《Ocean Engineering》1998,25(8):677-685

The behavior of a ship that is simultaneously heaving, swaying and rolling in waves is examined by using an early developed model by Thompson et al. [Thompson, J. M. T., Rainey, R. C. T. and Soliman, M. S. (1992) Mechanics of ship capsize under direct and parametric wave excitation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London A 338, 471-490]. A second-order nonlinear differential equation has been used as a mathematical model which is analyzed by using numerical methods to obtain geometrical phase space techniques of nonlinear dynamics. Bifurcation diagrams and Poincaré maps are two of the geometrical techniques used in this study. The result of the calculation is given to allow the naval architect to make a self comparison.  相似文献   

Fluid flow reconstruction in hanging and footwall carbonates: Compartmentalization by Cenozoic reverse faulting in the Northern Oman Mountains (UAE)     

Liesbeth Breesch  Rudy Swennen  Benoit Vincent 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

In this paper, the diagenesis from either side of a major Cenozoic reverse fault in the Northern Oman Mountains is documented. Detailed petrographical and geochemical analysis of calcite-filled fractures in carbonate strata of Late Triassic and Early Cretaceous age in the hanging wall and footwall in Wadi Ghalilah reflect a different diagenetic history. In both hanging wall and footwall most of the fractures are pre-burial, extensional in origin, formed by a crack-seal mechanism, and the calcite vein infill has a host-rock buffered signature. In the hanging wall, the fluid responsible for calcite precipitation of these extensional fractures was a marine fluid at 60 °C. These veins predate deep burial and contractional tectonic deformation and consequently do not provide any information about syntectonic fluid flow. Neither do the pre-burial extension fractures in the footwall which are also host-rock buffered. The fractures post-dating the tectonic stylolitization in the footwall, by contrast, show evidence of syntectonic migration of saline formation waters at temperatures between 80 and 160 °C during contractional deformation. These fluids probably were sourced from the subsurface via the reverse fault, which acted as a fluid conduit. At the same time, however, this fault functioned as a permeability barrier towards the hanging wall, since no evidence of syntectonic fluid flow is present here. In this way compartmentalization of the hanging wall and footwall block was realized.  相似文献   

鲁东金矿成矿规律及新的找矿方向     

刘玉强 《山东国土资源》1999,(2)

通过分析鲁东地区金矿成矿地质条件和区域地球物理场、区域地球化学场特征，并与典型金矿床地质特征进行类比，初步认为胶北隆起的破碎带蚀变岩型（焦家式）和石英脉型（玲珑式）金矿，以及近年来在胶莱盆地周缘找到的蓬家夼金矿床（产在盆缘控制性断裂带中）和发云夼金矿床（产在早白垩世莱阳群砾岩中），是在早白垩世同一个区域构造应力场下形成的，属同源、同期成矿作用的产物，为同一成矿系列的金矿床组合。胶莱盆地周缘具有源、层、热、裂、晕相统一的成矿地质条件和矿化信息，是今后寻找蓬家夼式和发云夼式金矿的远景地区。  相似文献   

Physical properties of the shallow sediments in late Pleistocene formations,Ursa Basin,Gulf of Mexico,and their implications for generation and preservation of shallow overpressures     

N.T.T. Binh  T. Tokunaga  T. Nakamura  K. Kozumi  M. Nakajima  M. Kubota  H. Kameya  M. Taniue 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Understanding the evolution of abnormally high fluid pressures within sedimentary formations is critical for analysing hydrogeological processes and assessing drilling risks. We have constructed a two-dimensional basin model and have performed numerical simulations to increase the understanding of the history of fluid flow and shallow overpressures in the Pleistocene and Holocene formations in the Ursa basin, deepwater Gulf of Mexico. We measured physical properties of sediments, such as porosity and permeability, in the laboratory and estimated in situ pore pressures from preconsolidation pressures. We obtained porosity–effective stress relationships from measurements of bulk density, grain density and preconsolidation pressures in the laboratory. Porosity–effective stress relationships were also obtained from downhole density logs and measured pore pressures. The porosity–effective stress and porosity–permeability relationships obtained were applied in two-dimensional basin simulations. Results showed that high pore pressures developed shortly after sediment deposition. Peaks in pore pressure ratios were related to high sedimentation rates of mass transport deposits and the incision of the Ursa channel. Lateral flows from the area where the overburden is thick towards the area where it is thin have occurred at least since 30 ka. Present pore pressure and temperature distributions suggest that lateral flows play a role in re-distributing heat in the basin.  相似文献   

Oil-bearing inclusions in vein quartz and calcite and,bitumens in veins: Testament to multiple phases of hydrocarbon migration in the Barrandian basin (lower Palaeozoic), Czech Republic     

V. Suchý  P. Dobeš  I. Sýkorová  V. Machovič  M. Stejskal  J. Kroufek  J. Chudoba  L. Matějovský  M. Havelcová  P. Matysová 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

The petroleum charge history of the Barrandian basin was investigated by analysing quartz and calcite and organic phases that occur in veins and fractures cutting dolerite sills within the Liteň Formation (Silurian). The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions trapped in vein quartz and calcite, vein bitumens and adjacent potential source rocks when combined with burial and thermal history data reflect the presence of at least three separate hydrocarbon charge episodes. Solid highly reflecting (R_max = 0.92–1.49%) bitumen provides information on the first and oldest episode of oil migration. The precursor oil was probably derived relatively early during diagenesis from nearby organic-rich sediments and was subsequently thermally altered to form the solid bitumen.  相似文献   

Tracing of deeply-buried source rock: A case study of the WC9-2 petroleum pool in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea     

X.M. Xiao  N.X. Li  H.J. Gan  Y.B. Jin  H. Tian  B.J. Huang  Y.C. Tang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1365-1378

The identification of a deeply-buried petroleum-source rock, owing to the difficulty in sample collection, has become a difficult task for establishing its relationship with discovered petroleum pools and evaluating its exploration potential in a petroleum-bearing basin. This paper proposes an approach to trace a deeply-buried source rock. The essential points include: determination of the petroleum-charging time of a reservoir, reconstruction of the petroleum generation history of its possible source rocks, establishment of the spatial connection between the source rocks and the reservoir over its geological history, identification of its effective source rock and the petroleum system from source to trap, and evaluation of petroleum potential from the deeply-buried source rock. A case study of the W9-2 petroleum pool in the Wenchang A sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea was conducted using this approach. The W9-2 reservoir produces condensate oil and gas, sourced from deeply-buried source rocks. The reservoir consists of a few sets of sandstone in the Zhuhai Formation, and the possible source rocks include an early Oligocene Enping Formation mudstone and a late Eocene Wenchang Formation mudstone, with a current burial depth from 5000 to 9000 m. The fluid inclusion data from the reservoir rock indicate the oil and the gas charged the reservoir about 18–3.5 Ma and after 4.5 Ma, respectively. The kinetic modeling results show that the main stages of oil generation of the Wenchang mudstone and the Enping mudstone occurred during 28–20 Ma and 20–12 Ma, respectively, and that the δ¹³C₁ value of the gas generated from the Enping mudstone has a better match with that of the reservoir gas than the gas from the Wenchang mudstone. Results from a 2D basin modeling further indicate that the petroleum from the Enping mudstone migrated upward along the well-developed syn-sedimentary faults in the central area of the sag into the reservoir, but that the petroleum from the Wenchang mudstone migrated laterally first toward the marginal faults of the sag and then migrated upward along the faults into shallow strata. The present results suggest that the trap structure in the central area of the sag is a favorable place for the accumulation of the Enping mudstone-derived petroleum, and that the Wenchang mudstone-derived petroleum would have a contribution to the structures along the deep faults as well as in the uplifted area around the sag.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal microseismicity clustering in the Cretan region     

Dirk Becker  Thomas Meier  Martina Rische  Marco Bohnhoff  Hans-Peter Harjes 《Tectonophysics》2006,423(1-4):3

Spatio-temporal clustering of microseismicity in the central forearc of the Hellenic Subduction Zone in the area of Crete is investigated. Data for this study were gathered by temporary short period networks which were installed on the islands of Crete and Gavdos between 1996 and 2004. The similarity of waveforms is quantified systematically to identify clusters of microseismicity. Waveform similarities are calculated using an adaptive time window containing both the P- and S-wave onsets. The cluster detection is performed by applying a single linkage approach. Clusters are found in the interplate seismicity as well as in the intraplate seismicity of the continental crust in the region of the transtensional Ptolemy structure. The majority of the clusters are off the southern coast of Crete, in a region of elevated intraplate microseismic activity within the Aegean plate. Clusters in the Gavdos region are located at depths compatible with the plate interface while cluster activity in the region of the Ptolemy trench is distributed along a nearly vertical structure throughout the crust extending down to the plate interface. Most clusters show swarm-like behaviour with seismic activity confined to only a few hours or days, without a dominant earthquake and with a power law distribution of the interevent times.For the largest cluster, precise relocations of the events using travel time differences of P- and S-waves derived from waveform cross correlations reveal migration of the hypocenters. This cluster is located in the region of the Ptolemy trench and migration occurs along the strike of the trench at  500 m/day.Relocated hypocenters as well as subtle differences in the waveforms suggest an offset between the hypocenters and thus the activation of distinct patches on the rupture surface. The observed microseismicity patterns may be related to fluids being transported along the plate interface and escaping towards the surface in zones of crustal weakness (Ptolemy structure), triggering swarm-like cluster activity along its way.  相似文献