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用等压法测定了298.15 K下氯化物型含铷卤水的三元子体系KCl-Rb Cl-H2O的等压平衡浓度,混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.5 mol·kg-1到4.9 mol·kg-1。由实验结果计算了混合溶液的渗透系数、水活度,根据Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验结果进行参数化研究,拟合得到了描述KCl-Rb Cl-H2O混合溶液中离子间相互作用的Pitzer混合参数。用Pitzer模型计算的混合溶液的渗透系数、水活度与实验结果相一致。 相似文献
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Hydromechanical behaviour of an expansive bentonite/silt mixture in cyclic suction-controlled drying and wetting tests 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To further our knowledge of coupling between the hydraulic cycles and mechanical behaviour of the swelling soils, this paper presents an experimental study on a bentonite/silt mixture using an odometer with suction controlled by the osmotic technique. A loading/unloading cycle was applied to each of the samples at different constant suctions (0, 2, 3 and 8 MPa). Moreover, successive wetting and drying cycles were applied under constant vertical stress at a suction range of 0 to 8 MPa, followed by a loading/unloading cycle at similar suctions (0, 2, 3 and 8 MPa). Finally, the compression curves of the aforementioned suctions with and without the application of suction cycles were compared, so as to analyse the influence of hydraulic cycles on the soil fabric and the mechanical parameters. It is observed that the wetting and drying cycles applied to both the micro- and macrostructure significantly influenced the virgin compression index λ(s), the apparent preconsolidation stress p0(s) and the elastic compression index values κ. However, the hydraulic cycles imposed only on the micro- or macrostructure induce negligible changes in the mechanical parameters of the soil. 相似文献
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九龙江口秋茄和白骨壤的渗透调节剂及其贡献 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
于1994年和1995年,在福建省九龙江口龙海市海岸采集秋茄和白骨壤样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法、而定法和比色法分析了其叶片组织中无机和有机渗透调节剂的含量及其贡献。结果表明,秋茄和白骨壤的无机渗透调节剂在总渗透调节中的贡献分别为87.8％和87．4％,有机渗透调节剂的贡献仅分别为12．2％和12．6％。在无机渗透调节剂中,Na 和Cl-占主导地位,其次为K ,而Ca2 、Mg2 和NO3-的贡献很小。在有机渗透调节剂中,可溶性糖占主导地位,游离氨基酸和有机酸的贡献较小。另外,秋茄和白骨壤根据分析的无机和有机渗透调节剂浓度计算出的渗透调节能力均小于实测值,说明存在其它一些未知的渗透调节剂。 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, osmotic stress, hydration-dehydration regime and stress relief on the seed germination of Periploca sepium Bunge (Chinese silk vine Asclepiadaceae), which is a native shrub in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Freshly harvested seeds germinated equally well in both light and darkness. Seeds germinated under all of tested temperature regimes, and much faster when temperature was maintained at 30, 35, and 30/20, 30/25, 35/25, 35/30 °C range, with more than 90% of seeds germinating within 2 days. Moderate osmotic stress did not inhibit germination at any tested temperature. At 30 °C, seed germination was not affected significantly above −0.8 MPa. The hydration-dehydration pretreatment showed none side effects on P. sepium seeds and the seeds germinated more rapidly as soon as optimal water condition was restored. These results show the advantages of P. sepium, which is a competitive and widespread shrub in dry areas, and provide useful information for vegetation restoration in these drought-prone regions. 相似文献
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In the present study, growth and water relation parameters were analysed in drought-stressed Coriaria nepalensis Wall. seedlings. C. nepalensis seedlings were subjected to four drought cycles of 7, 14, 21, and 28-days, and to one control level (watered on alternate days) in a glasshouse. The seedlings failed to survive a 28-days drought during summer. Osmotic adjustment (defined as the decrease in osmotic potential at zero or full turgor in response to water deficit) was measured as the difference between the osmotic potential of seedlings watered on alternate days (control) and those subjected to 21-days drought cycle. Seedlings subjected to 21-days drought had a predawn water potential of −2.60 MPa, and showed an osmotic adjustment of −1.95 MPa at full turgor and −2.17 MPa at zero turgor. The growth of seedlings was positively related to moisture and with water potential. With decline in soil moisture the root:shoot ratio increased while leaf weight ratio decreased. Leaf characteristics, such as leaf number, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf drop, were also affected by moisture stress. This study has indicated that osmotic adjustment is a major adaptive mechanism of C. nepalensis that aids successful regeneration of seedlings in degraded sites with inhospitable soil conditions. 相似文献
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用等压法研究了Li2SO4-Li2B4O7-H2O体系的Li2SO4和Li2B4O7纯盐水溶液(离子强度范围分别为0.3577~5.6378 mol.kg-1及0.1747~2.4497mol.kg-1)及混合盐水溶液(离子强度范围为0.3118~5.5248mol.kg-1)的渗透系数,并获得了该体系渗透系数随离子强度的变化规律。用实验数据以最小二乘法求取了Li2SO4和Li2B4O7的纯盐参数及混合盐参数,拟合的标准偏差分别为0.0072和0.0188。用Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数与实验值结果取得一致,表明该模型能够较好的描述25℃下Li2SO4-Li2B4O7-H2O体系的热力学性质。实验对完善含锂、硼盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型和盐湖资源的综合开发具有重要意义。 相似文献