氢化物-原子荧光法测定铜矿中微量硒和碲   总被引：11，自引：11，他引：11  

李刚  李文莉 《岩矿测试》2002,21(3):223-226

采用Fe3 + 盐和 1 ,1 0 -二氮杂菲作干扰抑制剂 ,氢化物 -原子荧光光谱法直接测定铜矿中微量硒和碲。H2 SO4和HClO4的存在对硒、碲有明显的增敏作用。方法检出限分别为LD(Se) =0 .1 5 μg/L ,LD(Te) =0 .2 0 μg/L。方法适用于w(Cu) <2 5 %的铜矿和其它岩石样品中硒和碲的测定 ,经标样分析验证 ,结果与标准值相符 ,1 2次测定的RSD分别为RSD(Se) =4.2 2 % ,RSD(Te) =6.3 1 %。  相似文献   

春季沙尘对关中地区PM_2.5 浓度影响的多尺度模拟研究     

魏颖  陈焕盛  刘航  陈学舜  王威  吴其重  李杰  王自发 《大气科学》2020,44(1):76-92

“一带一路”建设让古代丝绸之路的起点——西安成为世界焦点，西安的空气质量也是政府和公众关注的焦点。以2017年5月我国北方的一次强沙尘过程为例，首次利用中国科学院大气物理研究所气溶胶和大气化学模式系统IAP-AACM（Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics）模拟关中地区细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的时空分布，并结合地面逐小时PM_2.5观测数据对沙尘气溶胶和PM_2.5模拟的关系进行深入探究。结果表明:加入沙尘组分对模拟关中地区PM_2.5时空变化特征作用显著，相关性可提升0.4～0.6，并且可以很好地再现强沙尘时段PM_2.5浓度骤增的过程；在强沙尘时段和一般时段，沙尘组分对PM_2.5的贡献分别为60%～80%和10%～30%；0.11°×0.11°高分辨率模拟有助于提升模式捕捉污染物时空变化的能力。  相似文献   

Preparation and Certification of Biogeochemical Reference Materials     

Changyi Shi  Tiexin Gu  Wei Bu  Weidong Yan  Mei Liu  Mingcai Yan 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(3):337-345

The Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration in China recently prepared ten biogeochemical certified reference samples GSB1‐10 (CRMs). The samples are primary agricultural products such as rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cabbage, spinach, tea, powder, chicken and apple. Lyophilisation technology and a high‐alumina ball mill were used to process the samples. Fourteen laboratories and hundreds analysts in China participated in the certification analysis. Over ten reliable analytical methods, predominately ICP‐MS, ICP‐AES and INAA, were used for analysing the samples for fifty‐nine elements. A total of 22477 determinations led to 5136 average data sets. Certified values of fifty‐four elements were assigned.  相似文献   

城市规模分布与空气质量的关系——基于LandScan数据的跨国研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王妤  孙斌栋  李琬 《地理研究》2021,40(11):3173-3190

对于何种城市规模分布有利于促进绿色发展,学界在理论与实证方面都存在争议,且鲜见跨国的实证研究。基于2000—2015年LandScan人口数据和欧空局土地覆盖类型数据,识别了具有统一定义的全球近100个国家的所有城市,通过描述性统计和面板双向固定效应模型探究城市规模分布对PM_2.5浓度的影响。研究发现,均衡的城市规模分布总体上能够降低国家的PM_2.5浓度,这是因为均衡的城市规模分布能够通过促进分工合作和减少交通出行来降低PM_2.5浓度。实证结果具有一定异质性,在人口密度较高或政府干预程度较高的国家,均衡的城市规模分布更有利于降低国家PM_2.5浓度,而在人口密度较低或政府干预程度较低的国家,相对极化的城市规模分布更有利于国家PM_2.5浓度的下降。本研究丰富了城市规模分布对PM_2.5浓度影响在跨国层面的证据,对制定可持续发展的国土空间规划具有重要的启示。  相似文献   

汾渭平原典型城乡PM_2.5中多环芳烃特征与健康风险     

蔡瑞婷  肖舜  董治宝  曹军骥  张宁宁  刘随心  沈振兴  徐红梅  陶燕  李星敏  王鑫  王雨萌 《地理学报》2021,76(3):740-752

为查明汾渭平原典型城乡地区重度污染天气PM_2.5中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染特征及其人群健康效应,本文于2018—2019年冬季分别选取西安和陇县作为城乡对比参照点,采集了重度污染天气PM_2.5颗粒态气溶胶样品。利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪（GC-MS）检测样品中具有“三致效应”的15种PAHs含量及组分特征,使用特征比值法及主成分法进行PAHs源解析,并分析了气象因素对PAHs质量浓度的可能影响,通过对苯并芘（BaP）等效毒性浓度和终生超额致癌风险度（ILCR）的计算,对人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明：西安与陇县在重度污染天气条件下PM_2.5中15种PAHs总平均质量浓度分别为243.78 ng/m³、609.39 ng/m³,其中4~6环PAHs占比最高;且PAHs浓度与气温、气压及风速呈显著负相关,与相对湿度则无明显相关性。西安PAHs污染主要来自燃烧源与交通排放源,而煤炭及生物质燃烧是造成陇县PAHs质量浓度偏高的主要原因。健康风险评估结果显示,重污染天气下陇县人群通过呼吸引发的致癌风险要高于西安,女性致癌风险高于男性,成人致癌风险高于儿童,且两地区成人ILCR值均超过风险阈值,存在潜在致癌风险,儿童则无明显致癌风险。  相似文献   

A note on 10Be‐derived mean erosion rates in catchments with heterogeneous lithology: examples from the western Central Andes          下载免费PDF全文

Sebastien Carretier  Vincent Regard  Riccardo Vassallo  Joseph Martinod  Frederic Christophoul  Eric Gayer  Laurence Audin  Christelle Lagane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(13):1719-1729

Millennial catchment–mean erosion rates derived from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides are generally based on the assumption that the lithologies of the parent rock each contain the same proportion of quartz. This is not always true for large catchments, in particular at the edge of mountainous plateaus where quartz‐rich basement rocks may adjoin sedimentary or volcano‐sedimentary rocks with low quartz content. The western Central Andes is an example of this type of situation. Different quartz contents may be taken into account by weighting the TCN production rates in the catchment. We recall the underlying theory and show that weighting the TCN production rate may also lead to bias in the case of a spatial correlation between erosion rate and lithology. We illustrate the difference between weighted and unweighted erosion rates for seven catchments (16 samples) in southern Peru and northern Chile and show variations up to a factor of 2 between both approaches. In this dataset, calculated erosion rates considering only granitoid outcrops are better correlated with catchment mean slopes than those obtained without taking into account the geological heterogeneity of the drained watershed. This dataset analysis demonstrates that weighting erosion rates by relative proportions of quartz is necessary to evaluate the uncertainties for calculated catchment–mean erosion rates and may reveal the correlation with geomorphic parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长春市城区近地表灰尘粒度特征及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨忠平  张强  张梁  李达  卢文喜  辛欣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(1):319

为剖析长春市城区近地表灰尘粒度特征,分别沿南北和东西轴线采集了34件城市近地表灰尘样品,采用激光粒度仪对样品进行了粒度测试分析。结果表明：长春市近地表灰尘颗粒物平均中值粒径和算术平均粒径分别为21.58 μm和24.24 μm,分选极差;以粗粉粒（10.00～80.00 μm）为主,平均约占71.28%,黏粒组（<5.00 μm）和细粉粒组（5.00～10.00 μm）分别约占14.75%和13.05%。频率曲线呈正偏双峰型分布,峰态中等偏窄,与现代尘暴和城市街道灰尘分布特征相一致,反映出其起源的多元性和相对稳定性,表明近地表灰尘沉积仍是风积作用的继续。近地表灰尘颗粒物粒径均小于100.00 μm,极易在外动力条件下再次扬起并悬浮搬运,PM₁₀和PM_2.5所占比例分别为27.76%和7.32%,其生态环境效应不应被忽视。粒径分布无显著空间变化,但城市中心区域粒径变化范围小,这可能说明城市边缘区域较中心区域近地表灰尘的起源更具多源性和复杂性。  相似文献   

利用MODIS资料监测京津冀地区近地面PM2.5方法研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈辉  厉青  王中挺  毛慧琴  周春艳  张丽娟  晁雪林 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(5):27-37

为建立京津冀地区冬季近地面细颗粒物浓度监测方法模型,利用气象模式资料对2013年1-3月MODIS的AOD二级深蓝算法产品进行湿度和垂直订正,与同期观测的地面细颗粒物PM_2.5资料进行相关分析。结果表明：AQUA的MODIS深蓝算法AOD产品更适用于建立冬季AOD-PM2.5遥感监测模型,其R²为0.33;以气象模式资料中边界层高度代替气溶胶标高对MODIS的AOD进行垂直订正,并结合IMPROVE观测的气溶胶吸湿增长特征构建分区湿度订正方法,可以提高AOD-PM_2.5模型结果的精度,建立较为理想的京津冀地区冬季遥感反演综合模型,模型结果与地面监测结果R²达0.5以上。根据建立的模型计算了2013年1-3月的京津冀地区PM_2.5月平均浓度,京津冀地区1月的PM_2.5浓度较高,南部大部分地区空气质量已经达到重度污染水平。  相似文献   

New constraints from the Hα line for the temperature of the transiting planet host star OGLE‐TR‐10     

M. Ammler‐von Eiff  N.C. Santos 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2008,329(6):573-578

The spectroscopic analysis of systems with transiting planets gives strong constraints on planetary masses and radii as well as the chemical composition of the systems. The properties of the system OGLE‐TR‐10 are not well‐constrained, partly due to the discrepancy of previous measurements of the effective temperature of the host star. This work, which is fully independent from previous works in terms of data reduction and analysis, uses the Hα profile in order to get an additional constraint on the effective temperature. We take previously published UVES observations which have the highest available signal‐to‐noise ratio for OGLE‐TR‐10. A proper normalization to the relative continuum is done using intermediate data products of the reduction pipeline of the UVES spectrograph. The effective temperature then is determined by fitting synthetic Hα profiles to the observed spectrum. With a result of T_eff = 6020 ± 140 K, the Hα profile clearly favours one of the previous measurements. The Hα line is further consistent with dwarf‐like surface gravities as well as solar and super‐solar metallicities previously derived for OGLE‐TR‐10.The Hα line could not be used to its full potential, partly because of the varying shape of the UVES échelle orders after flat field correction. We suggest to improve this feature when constructing future spectrographs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Spectropolarimetry of the massive post-red supergiants IRC +10420 and HD 179821     

M. Patel  R. D. Oudmaijer  J. S. Vink  J. E. Bjorkman  B. Davies  M. A. T. Groenewegen  A. S. Miroshnichenko  J. C. Mottram 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,385(2):967-978

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