Basin‐scale stream‐flow forecasting using the information of large‐scale atmospheric circulation phenomena     

Rajib Maity  D. Nagesh Kumar 《水文研究》2008,22(5):643-650

It is well recognized that the time series of hydrologic variables, such as rainfall and streamflow are significantly influenced by various large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The influence of El Niño‐southern oscillation (ENSO) on hydrologic variables, through hydroclimatic teleconnection, is recognized throughout the world. Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) has been proved to be significantly influenced by ENSO. Recently, it was established that the relationship between ISMR and ENSO is modulated by the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns over the Indian Ocean region. The influences of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode and equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation (EQUINOO) on ISMR have been established in recent research. Thus, for the Indian subcontinent, hydrologic time series are significantly influenced by ENSO along with EQUINOO. Though the influence of these large‐scale atmospheric circulations on large‐scale rainfall patterns was investigated, their influence on basin‐scale stream‐flow is yet to be investigated. In this paper, information of ENSO from the tropical Pacific Ocean and EQUINOO from the tropical Indian Ocean is used in terms of their corresponding indices for stream‐flow forecasting of the Mahanadi River in the state of Orissa, India. To model the complex non‐linear relationship between basin‐scale stream‐flow and such large‐scale atmospheric circulation information, artificial neural network (ANN) methodology has been opted for the present study. Efficient optimization of ANN architecture is obtained by using an evolutionary optimizer based on a genetic algorithm. This study proves that use of such large‐scale atmospheric circulation information potentially improves the performance of monthly basin‐scale stream‐flow prediction which, in turn, helps in better management of water resources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional modelling of upper mantle structure under the Pacific Ocean and surrounding area     

Yu Shen Zhang  Toshiro Tanimoto 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,98(2):255-269

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Late Quaternary stratigraphy of the northern Rockall trough and Faeroe-Shetland channel,northeast Atlantic Ocean     

Martyn S. Stoker  Rex Harland  Andrew C. Morton  Douglas K. Graham 《第四纪科学杂志》1989,4(3):211-222

A late Quaternary deep-water stratigraphic framework has been established for the deep-water areas (>450m) of the northern Rockall Trough and Faeroe-Shetland Channel. Four stratigraphic units (1–4) are identified; these are primarily biostratigraphic units based on dinoflagellate cyst evidence. Unit 1 represents the late Weichselian glacial (pre-13 000 yr BP); unit 2 the Late Glacial Interstadial (11 000-13 000 yr BP); unit 3 is of Younger Dryas age (10 000-11 000 yr BP); and unit 4 represents the Holocene interglacial (post-10 000 yr BP). This stratigraphy is supported by the discovery of the mixed Vedde Ash (10 600 yr BP) and North Atlantic Ash zone 1, and the Saksunarvatn Ash (9000–9100 yr BP), concentrated in units 3 and 4 respectively. The sedimentology indicates that the oceanographic regime underwent a major change between the glacial and interglacial stages. This is marked by the onset of strong bottom current activity, allied to the restoration of overflow of the Norwegian Sea Deep Water into the North Atlantic, towards the end of the Younger Dryas Stadial. Despite intense bioturbation and bottom-current reworking the basic stratigraphic framework is maintained. Recognition of two volcanic ash markers enables correlation with established onshore and offshore sequences of marine and non-marine environments.  相似文献   

Mechanics of tidally driven fractures in Europa's ice shell     

Sunwoong Lee  Nicholas C. Makris 《Icarus》2005,177(2):367-379

A fracture mechanics model is developed for the initiation and propagation of a crack through a porous ice layer of finite thickness under gravitational overburden. It is found that surface cracks generated in response to a tidally induced stress field may penetrate through the entire outer brittle layer if a subsurface ocean is present on Europa. Such penetration is found to be very unlikely in the absence of an ocean. A cycloidal crack would then form as a sequence of near instantaneous discrete failures, each extending roughly the brittle layer thickness in range, linked with a much lower apparent propagation speed set by the moving tidal stress field. The implications of this porous ice fracture model for ice-penetrating radar scattering loss and seismic activity are quantified.  相似文献   

Chlorophyll a and primary production in the northeastern Pacific Ocean     

CHEN Xingqun  LIN Rongcheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):77-84

The primary production and chlorophyll a concentration of picoplankton （0.2 - 2 μm） , nanoplankton （2 - 20μm） and micro- plankton （20 -200 μm） are described in the northeastern Pacific Ocean near the Hawaii Islands during the six survey cruises from 1996 to 2003：DY85-4, DY95-7, DY95-8, DY95-10, DY105-11 and DY105-12.14. The primary production of carbon was in range from 76.8 to 191.9 mg/（m^2 · d） with an average of 116.1 mg/（ m^2 · d） in the east region, and from 73.1 to 222.5 mg/（ m^2 · d） with an average of 127.1 mg/（ m^2 · d） in the west region, similar to the other oligotrophic regions of the Pacific Ocean investigated. The chlorophyll a concentration was about 0.1 mg/m^3 from the surface to the 50 m depth, about 0.2 -0.4 mg/m^3from 50 to 100 m, and gradually decreased below the 100 m depth. The picoplankton accounted for more than 70% of the total chlorophyll a in the upper layer （ surface to 125 m）, but it decreased to less than 50% in depth below 125 m. The nanoplankton and microplankton combined only accounted for less than 30% of the total chlorophyll a in the upper layer, but showed a more even vertical distribution.  相似文献   

北冰洋78°N冰站近地层参数的观测研究     

卞林根  张占海  陆龙骅  逯昌贵  程冰 《极地研究》2007,19(3):163-170

利用2003年8月22日-9月3日中国北极科学考察队在北冰洋78°N浮冰站获得的近地层观测资料,采用整体输送法对北冰洋浮冰近地层特征参数进行了分析研究。结果表明,在考察期间,雪面吸收的净辐射仅为3.6 W/m2,其中以感热和潜热向大气输送的能量分别占52%和31%,向海冰深层传导的热量很少;近中性层结条件下的平均拖曳系数Cdn为1.16×10-3,略小于75°N北冰洋浮冰上近中性层结的Cdn。与1999年75°N附近冰站观测结果的对比表明,当海冰密度及冰站所在浮冰的尺度不同时,海冰与大气相互作用的热力学和动力学过程的差异显著,在研究北冰洋地区海/冰/气相互作用对气候过程影响时,应考虑这一问题。  相似文献   

热带东太平洋中国多金属结核开辟区深海成矿环境的氨基酸表征     

金海燕  陈建芳  于晓果  王奎  周怀阳  李宏亮  王文亮 《沉积学报》2007,25(5):737-744

为了解中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物有机质活性及深海成矿沉积环境特征，使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法分析了表层沉积物氨基酸的组成状况。结果显示该区表层沉积物中氨基酸与氨基糖含量(干样)均较低，分别在0.30～0.59 mg·g-1及 0.10～0.17 mg·g-1之间。其中以中性氨基酸占绝对优势，占50%以上，其次为酸性氨基酸和含氢氧基氨基酸，分别占17%和11%，碱性氨基酸占9%，芳香与含硫氨基酸均在5%以下,表明深海沉积环境为氧化环境，且偏碱性条件。表征有机质活性的Asp/β Ala、Glu/γ Aba及DI值（（Glu+Phe+Leu+Ala+Val）/ (β Ala+γ Aba)）分别为1.1～1.9，0.8～2.2和1.4～2.9，表明该区有机质成熟度已很高。蛋白氨基酸/非蛋白氨基酸的比值为1.0～2.0，葡萄糖胺/半乳糖胺比值则在1.7～3.0之间变化，表明该海区有机质经过强烈的细菌改造，即海区存在强烈的细菌活动，活性较低，表征了多金属结核有机—微生物成矿的可能性。  相似文献   

青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带与羌塘古特提斯洋演化记录   总被引：27，自引：17，他引：27  

季六翟庆国  董永胜曾庆高 黄小鹏 《地质通报》2007,26(1):13-21

龙木错-双湖缝合带、西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带和昆仑-秦岭缝合带是青藏高原上3条主要的晚三叠世板块缝合带,目前的研究资料表明后2条缝合带不具备冈瓦纳北界的基本要素。简要介绍了龙木错-双湖缝合带中有关古特提斯洋存在的基本事实,即早古生代洋壳残片、二叠纪蛇绿岩、泥盆纪—二叠纪放射虫硅质岩、各类不同性质的增生岩片、2种类型的构造混杂岩带和蛇绿混杂岩盖层体系的时代与性质等,已有的资料初步确定羌塘古特提斯洋盆演化的时限为晚泥盆世到晚三叠世。认为龙木错-双湖缝合带是青藏高原上古特提斯洋消亡的主要场所,是恢复和反演青藏高原早期形成演化的最重要的窗口,也是地学界几十年关注的冈瓦纳大陆的北界。  相似文献   

新疆及邻区地质与矿产研究进展   总被引：4，自引：22，他引：4  

朱永峰  王涛徐新 《岩石学报》2007,23(8):1785-1794

1 Scientific papers about Xinjiang geologyand ore deposits in last 20 yearsScientific research projects mainly supported by the Ministryof Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(organized by the National 305 Project Office),National NaturalScience Foundation of China, and China Geological Survey  相似文献   

A Petrogenetic Model of Basalts from the Northern Central Indian Ridge:3-11°S          下载免费PDF全文

Dwijesh RAY  Sridhar D. IYER  Ranadip BANERJEE  Saumitra MISRA  M. WIDDOWSON 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):99-112

1 Introduction The Northern Central Indian Ridge (NCIR) between 3° and 11°S latitudes is joined to the north with the slow spreading Carlsberg Ridge (CR; ~24–26 mm/a, full spreading rate) and to the south with the intermediate spreading Southern Central Indian Ridge (SCIR; ~50 mm/ a) (Fig. 1). Earlier petrological investigations of the Central Indian Ridge were concentrated either on or along the CR to the north and at the southern end of the CIR up to the Rodriguez Triple Junc…  相似文献