The degree of Cl-loss for the particulate matter (PM) and fog water sampled at the same air mass at the Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan     

Ryoei Kikuchi  Makoto Takada  Keita Hifumi  Keiji Yoshimura  Toru Ozeki  Takashi Kimoto  Masahiro Kajikawa  Nobuaki Ogawa   《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(3):501-509

It is well known that sea-salt aerosols in particulate matter (PM) react with acids such as H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ during transportation and thereby lose chloride ions (Cl-loss). The PM and fog were sampled concurrently at different altitudes in the Hachimantai mountain range, northern Japan. The PM and fog sampled at different altitudes had nearly identical properties for the ion components. However, the PM was in a Cl-depleted state (more than 80% of all samples), but the fog water was not in so Cl-depleted state (less than 29%). As a result, it could be explained that this phenomenon caused because the fog droplets took up the gaseous state HCl other than sea-salt PM. After all Cl^- in the fog water recovered and was rather rich compared with the sea-salt or the PM by the uptake of the gaseous state HCl. Moreover, it was found that for PM_coarse(2.5 < D < 10), 86% of the acid (H₂SO₄ and HNO₃) was consumed for Cl-loss reactions and/or for dissolution of Ca and Mg in soil particles.  相似文献   

Variations of levels and composition of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 at an insular site in the Western Mediterranean     

Jorge Pey  Xavier Querol  Andrs Alastuey 《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(2):285-299

The insular suburban site of Castillo de Bellver was selected for the study of the variability of PM levels and composition in the Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB).Mean annual (in 2004) PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 levels at this site were 29 and 20 µg/m³, respectively. These levels may be regarded as relatively low when compared with other suburban insular locations in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin (EMB), but they are higher than those recorded at most of the European suburban sites, especially in Northern and Western Europe. Seasonal variability of PM levels at this site is governed by meteorology rather than local emissions, whereas the daily cycles are clearly defined by the anthropogenic emissions, mainly coming from the urban area of Palma de Mallorca and the harbour area of the same city.Concerning the aerosol composition at this site, the main PM constituent is the mineral matter (29% in PM₁₀ and 16 % in PM_2.5), more than 50% (in PM₁₀) being attributable to African dust. The amount of secondary inorganic aerosols is also very high (27% in PM₁₀ and 34% in PM_2.5), with the predominance of fine ammonium sulphate, and in a less proportion fine ammonium nitrate (in winter) and coarse Ca and Na nitrate (with higher importance in summer). The carbonaceous particles, dominantly fine, account for 17% of PM₁₀ and 25% of PM_2.5. The elemental carbon/organic carbon (EC/OC) ratio reached a mean value of 0.17, similar to those observed at regional background sites in the WMB coast of Spain. The sea spray aerosols (mainly coarse) represented around 10% of PM₁₀, and only 4% in PM_2.5. Finally, the unaccounted fraction increased from 15% to 20% in PM_2.5, being mostly attributed to water.The concentrations of trace elements in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were usually in the range to those observed in regional background sites in the Iberian Peninsula, with the exception of the typical tracers of road traffic such as Cu, Sb, Zn, Sn and Ba, which presented concentrations in the range of urban sites of Iberia. Other elements such as Cr, Zr, Hf and Co have been identified as the main tracers of the harbour contributions.  相似文献   

Seasonal trend of particulate PAHs at Gosan, a background site in Korea between 2001 and 2002 and major factors affecting their levels     

Ji Yi Lee  Yong Pyo Kim  Chang-Hee Kang  Young Sung Ghim   《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):680

The concentrations of particulate Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at Gosan, a background site in Korea for 1 year between November 2001 and November 2002. The total concentrations of 14 PAH compounds at Gosan were between 0.52 and 14.76 ng m^− 3 and about 3–15 times higher than those at other rural or remote sites in the world. Seasonal trend was observed for particulate PAHs concentrations at Gosan with higher levels during heating season due to increased fossil fuel usage and the movement of air parcels from Asian continent. Principal component factor analysis (PCF) for PAHs showed three factors; combination of coal combustion and vehicular emission, natural gas combustion, and unidentified one. However, PCF for the combined data of PAHs, inorganic ions, and elements revealed that the unidentified factor consists of crustal species, sea salts, and four PAH compounds. Thus, this factor is thought to be transport of crustal species with organics from combustion sources. The major variables which determine the sources of PAHs are the heating season and the movement of air parcels from Asian continent.  相似文献   

Distribution of particulate organic carbon in the central Arabian Sea     

N B Bhosle  V M Dhople  A B Wagh 《Journal of Earth System Science》1988,97(1):35-47

Particulate organic carbon (POC) of 161 water samples collected from 8 depths (surface to 1000 m) at 21 stations was measured. The POC concentrations ranged from 154 to 554 ¼g per litre at the surface and decreased in the upper 300 m water column. At greater depths (> 300 m), POC concentrations increased and were similar (145 to 542 ¼g1^?1) to those observed at surface. Deep water POC maximum was embedded within the oxygen minimum layer and was also associated with high phosphate-phosphorus. The POC contents increased, whereas oxygen decreased as the distance away from the shore increased. Phytoplankton biomass was a major source of POC. The observed pattern of POC is discussed with respect to some physicochemical and biological factors.  相似文献   

2019年太原青运会期间空气质量评估     

郭伟  朱凌云  汪文雅  高兴艾  成鹏伟  张岳军 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):36-43

为评估太原青运会期间大气污染控制措施对空气质量的改善效果,对青运会会前、会期和会后三个阶段太原市6种污染物浓度的演变及气溶胶在垂直方向上的变化进行了分析。结果表明：青运会期间太原市PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂、O₃较青运会前分别下降30.5%、37.3%、20.2%、18.0%和18.6%,SO₂削减程度不明显。垂直方向上,青运会期间气溶胶消光系数峰值降低24.6%,其中低湿天气下气溶胶消光系数峰值下降46%,高湿天气下峰值下降21.6%,青运会期间大气中PM_2.5在PM₁₀中的占比降低,垂直大气中气溶胶的吸湿增长能力增强。与2017和2018年同期相比,青运会期间PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂浓度均有大幅下降,O₃浓度较近两年同期无显著变化。因此,青运会期间的各项控制措施有效降低了本地颗粒物浓度。  相似文献   

大亚湾颗粒有机物生化组成研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

崔淑芬  李文权  蔡阿根  王宪  陈清花  郑爱榕  廖启斌 《海洋科学》1999,23(2):60-63

对大亚湾海域颗粒有机物（ＰＯＭ）的生化组成与环境因子的关系进行了研究。现场采样调查分别于１９９５年５月和１１月进行,研究结果表明,环境因子对ＰＯＭ生化组成有很大的影响。核电站的运作使大亚湾海域有局部升温现象,温度升高,使经类含量升高。蛋白持含量受无机氮盐含量影响显著,由于大亚湾ＰＯＭ中蛋白质的含量不高,而且大亚湾水域呈贫氮特征,适当增加有该海区无机氮的含量对于提高大亚湾ＰＯＭ的生物营养性具有现实意  相似文献   

九龙江河口区溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素的地球化学行为   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈敏  黄奕普  邱雨生  陈性保  陈飞舟  蔡平河 《台湾海峡》1999,18(4):456-464

对九龙江河口区枯、丰水期水体中溶解态、颗粒态铀同位素地球化学行为的研究表明,溶解态铀与盐度存在良好的正相关关系,证实枯、丰水期该河口区水体中的铀均是保守行为。在低盐度区域（Ｓ＜１０）,~２３８Ｕ主要以颗粒态形式存在,颗粒态~２３８Ｕ所占份额随盐度增加而降低。~（２３８）Ｕ之条件分配系数介于 １． ２ × １０~３～１． ５ ×１０~５ｄｍ~３／ｋｇ之间,它与盐度呈负相关关系,但与悬浮颗粒物浓度无相关关系存在。枯水期悬浮颗粒物上~２３４Ｕ／~２３８Ｕ_Ａ．Ｒ．与盐度的负相关关系为河口区悬浮颗粒物中~２３４Ｕ的优先沥取理论提供了有力的证据。  相似文献   

新疆博斯腾湖水体颗粒和溶解有机碳的季节变化及其来源初探   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

王秀君  房传苓  于志同  王家平  彭冬梅  康静静 《湖泊科学》2014,26(4):552-558

在博斯腾湖选取了13个点位,于2012年5、8、10月测定表层和底层水体中的颗粒有机碳、溶解有机碳、颗粒有机氮和叶绿素a含量.结果显示颗粒和溶解有机碳在表层水体中的浓度与底层相近.博斯腾湖水体中颗粒有机碳的季节变化十分明显,其平均浓度从春季(0.64 mg/L)到夏季(0.71 mg/L)变化不大,但在秋季变化十分显著(浓度达1.58 mg/L).其中西北湖区和湖心区颗粒有机碳的季节变化最明显,东部湖区颗粒有机碳的季节变化相对较小.博斯腾湖水体的颗粒有机碳在春、秋两季主要来自外源输入,在夏季受水体中浮游生物的影响较大.博斯腾湖水体中溶解有机碳也具有一定的季节变化,夏季浓度(平均为9.3 mg/L)略低于春、秋两季(平均为10.3 mg/L).溶解有机碳在河口区的季节变化最强,其夏季浓度明显偏低,主要是由于开都河河水的稀释作用.总体上,博斯腾湖水体中溶解有机碳浓度的变化主要受外部因素的影响.  相似文献   

Progress in the Study of Marine Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Changes and Its Geological Records     

Yanchen Zhu  Li Li  Peng Wang  Juan He  Guodong Jia 《地球科学进展》2020,35(2):167-179

Marine stable nitrogen isotope containing much key biogeochemical information, is an important way in identifying marine nitrogen sources and understanding the marine nitrogen cycles. These isotopic signals can be preserved in marine sediments and used to trace the marine biogeochemical cycles and environment changes during geological history. Studies in recent decades have illustrated the key role of nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Because of the spatiotemporal variability and the complexity of ocean processes and nitrogen sources in the marine environment, we need to combine the modern observations with geological records, integrate oceanography, biology, and geology, and consider the hydrological environment, geological processes and climate changes, to understand the coupling between the ocean nitrogen cycle, climate and environmental changes.  相似文献   

Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of particulate organic matter in relation to mucilage formation in the northern Adriatic Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Faganeli  N. Ogrinc  N. Kovac  K. Kukovec  I. Falnoga  P. Mozetic  O. Bajt 《Marine Chemistry》2009,114(3-4):102-109

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (POM) were studied approximately weekly during spring and summer 2003 and 2004 in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) in order to track the temporal variations and differences between two years. In parallel, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN), phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), and N and P nutrients were monitored. All studied parameters, especially N and P nutrients and chlorophyll a, showed higher concentrations and larger variability in spring 2004. As a consequence the macroaggregates were produced in late spring 2004. The C and N isotope composition of POM was not directly linked to phytoplankton biomass dynamics. The δ¹³C_POC values covaried with temperature. In 2004, δ¹³C_POC variations followed the δ¹⁵N_PN values as well as the δ¹³C_DIC values which were probably more dependent on the photosynthetic use of ¹²C. Variations in δ¹⁵N_POM values were most probably the consequence of variations in N nutrient sources used in phytoplankton assimilation. The significant correlation between δ¹⁵N_PN values and nitrate concentrations in 2004 implies intense nitrate assimilation in the presence of higher nitrate concentration. This suggests nitrate as the key nutrient in the »new primary production«, later producing macroaggregates with a mean δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of − 19‰ and 5‰, respectively. A low fractionation factor ε, < 1‰, lower than that reported in other marine and lacustrine systems, was found probably to be a consequence of distinct phytoplankton species, i.e. several classes of autotrophic nanoflagellates, and specific growth conditions present in the Gulf of Trieste. The tentative use of C isotope composition of POM revealed a higher contribution of allochthonous organic matter in 2004 compared to 2003 due to higher riverine inflow.  相似文献