西南地区早—中二叠世玥类复合标准序列的建立及初步研究     

殷小龙  杨湘宁  朱李鸣  史宇坤 《地层学杂志》2003,(2)

利用西南地区 10条石炭系—二叠系剖面上的类分布建立了该地区早—中二叠世类复合标准序列( CSS) ,总结了类 6 8属 6 32种在该地区的分布延限。根据类物种在复合标准序列上的分布规律 ,阐述了这一时期类动物群物种分异度的变化过程。研究结果表明 ,西南地区类物种分异度在早—中二叠世变化显著 ,共经历过三次快速增长时期 ,分别与假希瓦格亚科、米斯亚科及新希瓦格科的辐射演化有关 ;而物种分异度的两次大幅度下降则分别反映了早二叠世的动物群更替事件及中二叠世集群灭绝事件对本地区类动物的影响。  相似文献   

Depositional Record of Tidal-Flat Sedimentation in the Permian Coal Measures of Central India: Barakar Formation, Mohpani Coalfield, Satpura Gondwana Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chandan Chakraborty  Sanjoy Kumar  Ghosh  Tapan Chakraborty 《Gondwana Research》2003,6(4):817-827

The Permian Barakar Formation in the Mohpani coalfield, Satpura Gondwana basin, is composed of three broad lithologies that occur repetitively and are iterdigitated: (1) several metres thick coarse- to medium-grained sandstone bodies with scoured bases, (2) 5-20 m thick medium- to fine-grained sandstone bodies and (3) 5-20 m thick mudstone-dominated packages with variable proportions of centimetre- to decimetre-scale, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. The Barakar strata were previously interpreted as deposits of braided rivers and associated inter-channel flood basin in a continental setting. However, this study recognizes signatures of tidal current from the mudstone-dominated packages implying marine influence during Barakar sedimentation.

The mudstone-dominated sediment bodies are the focus of this paper and comprise of three lithofacies that bear imprints of tidal processes during Barakar sedimentation: (1) heterolith, (2) sandstone, and (3) coal-carbonaceous shale, which alternate with one another within individual bodies. The heterolithic facies show interlayering of sandstone and claystone resembling flaser, wavy and lenticular bedding, as well as pinstripe stratification. Successive sandstone-mudstone couplets indicate periodic waxing and waning of flows. Within individual heterolithic packages, the sandstone:claystone ratio along with the bedding style, varies cyclically upwards giving rise to alternate sandstone-dominated and claystone-dominated intervals suggesting tidal velocity fluctuation reflective of spring-neap lunar cycle. Thickness plots of successive sand-mud couplets also reveal cyclic variation with a conspicuous periodicity of around 12 couplets per cycle, which corroborates the spring-neap-spring (or neap-spring-neap) lunar cycle. Presence of abundant desiccation cracks indicates periodic emergence and points towards an intertidal setting. The sandstone facies is characterized by a variety of wave-generated features such as bundled and chevron upbuilding of lamina, bi-directional foreset orientations, offshooting and draping laminae, scour-and-drape feature, swollen lens-like geometries suggesting their emplacement under storm-induced combined-flow on the tidal-flat. The coal-carbonaceous shale facies represent supratidal marsh environment.  相似文献   

Borehole instability in high-porosity Berea sandstone and factors affecting dimensions and shape of fracture-like breakouts     

Bezalel Haimson  Joseph Kovacich 《Engineering Geology》2003,69(3-4):219-231

Stress-induced breakouts in vertical boreholes are failure zones caused by excessive compressive stress concentration at the borehole wall along the springline of the least horizontal far-field stress. Wellbores are sometimes drilled into aquifers or oil reservoirs that are weak, poorly consolidated, and highly porous sandstone formations, which are often conducive to breakout formation. Breakouts are an expression of borehole instability and a potential source of sand production. On the other hand, the breakout phenomenon can be used advantageously in obtaining an estimate of the in situ stress condition. The average orientation of breakouts, as identified by borehole geophysical logging, is a reliable indicator of in situ stress directions. It has also been suggested that breakout dimensions could potentially be used as indicators of in situ stress magnitudes. The research reported here has concentrated on the unique type of breakouts observed for the first time in high-porosity Berea sandstone. Drilling experiments in rock blocks subjected to critical far-field true triaxial stress regimes, simulating in situ conditions, induced breakouts that were unlike the ‘dog-ear’ ones previously observed in granites, limestones, and low-porosity sandstones. The newly observed breakouts were thin, tabular, and very long, resembling fractures that counterintuitively extended perpendicular to the maximum principal stress. We found that a narrow zone ahead of a fracture-like breakout tip underwent apparent localized grain debonding and compaction. In the field, such zones have been termed ‘compaction bands’, and are a source of concern because in oil fields and aquifers they constitute curtains of low permeability that can impede the normal flow of oil or water. In order to determine whether a correlation exists between fracture-like breakouts and in situ stress, we conducted several series of tests in which the minimum horizontal and vertical stresses were held constant and the maximum horizontal stress (σ_H) was increased from test to test. These tests showed strong dependence of the breakout length on far-field stress, signaling that potentially the ability to assess fracture-like breakout length in the field could be used to estimate in situ stress magnitudes in conjunction with other indicators. Another series of tests revealed that breakout length increased substantially when borehole diameter was enlarged. This result suggested that in the field, where wellbore size is considerably larger, fracture-like breakout could extend to sizable distances, creating a sand production hazard. Two series of tests, one to evaluate the effect of drill-bit penetration rate, and the other to verify the drilling-fluid flow rate effect on breakout formation and dimensions yielded inconsistent results and showed no unique trends. Remarkably, fracture-like breakouts maintained a consistent narrow width of about 5–10 grain diameters, irrespective of the test conditions. This characteristic supports the suggestion that fracture-like breakouts are emptied compaction bands.  相似文献   

利用高铁砂岩质煤矸石制备瓷质砖的研究          下载免费PDF全文

周俊梁启斌  王焰新 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(4):445-448

以湖北黄石高铁砂岩质煤矸石为主要原料，进行了制备瓷质砖的实验研究，并对不同配方、不同烧成温度瓷坯的吸水率、断裂模数等进行了测试分析。各项性能指标的综合分析表明，产品的吸水率低于0．3％，断裂模数高于35MPa，符合国家有关质量标准，颜色呈浅红-暗红-紫砂系列，其中煤矸石最高配比可达80％。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷中-上二叠统沉积相特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张健  刘楼军  黄芸  王军  胡斌 《新疆地质》2003,21(4):412-414

准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷中-上二叠统由上芨芨槽子群、泉子街组、梧桐沟组组成．凹陷内中-上二叠统经历了低水位域→高水位域→低水位域的变化过程，其有利相带以扇三角洲和三角洲相为主，主要发育于东斜坡区的东北部及东南部以及凹陷南北两侧断裂下盘，在南北局部的乌拉泊组和梧桐沟组还发育浊积扇．油气显示集中于三角洲或扇三角洲相带内(芦草沟组、梧桐沟组)，凹陷腹部深湖-半深湖相内的扇三角洲和三角洲沉积区是凹陷内油气的最有利聚集区和保存区．  相似文献   

塔中40油田东河砂岩储层特征及其控制因素   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨威  魏国齐  李宇平  张丽娟  李新生  杨栓荣 《新疆地质》2003,21(4):440-444

东河砂岩是塔中40油田的主要产层，根据岩性不同，由上至下可分含砾砂岩段和均质砂岩段，两段储层的储集物性相差很大，其中均质砂岩较好，通过岩心观察储层岩石学戚岩作用和孔隙演化等多种特征研究，认为含砾砂岩段为临滨亚相的产物，均质砂岩段为前滨亚相的产物，这是两段储层物性相差大的重要原因之一．在岩石组份上，含砾砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的含量比均质砂岩高得多，通过细致的微观特征分析，认为这种碳酸盐胶结物可能是埋藏过程中粘土矿物蒙脱石向伊利石转化，析出的钙、镁、铁等离子与碳酸根离子反应所产生；这些碳酸盐胶结物后被溶蚀形成现今的储层．含砾砂岩段储层较差可能是由于其沉积于临滨环境，源始孔隙度较低，成岩改造后相对更致密，在溶蚀过程中，溶蚀流体通过少，胶结物被溶蚀的少所形成．沉积相和成岩作用中的胶结作用、溶蚀作用是东河砂岩储层发育的主要控制因素．  相似文献   

辉绿岩侵位对半固结砂岩的改造作用--以松辽盆地东南部下白垩统为例     

高玉巧  刘立  张绍辉  岳奎  孙晓明 《新疆地质》2003,21(4):474-478

在偏光显微镜和扫描电镜下，发现辉绿岩．砂岩接触带附近半固结的长石砂岩中石英颗粒边部、颗粒间孔隙内及颗粒内裂隙中微晶石英发育．不论是纵向上还是横向上，距接触带较近的样品中，微晶石英多而细长．随着远离接触带，石英微晶逐渐减少，形状逐渐变的粗短．研究表明，这些微晶石英是辉绿岩侵位对围岩砂岩中碎屑石英的压溶或重结晶等作用形成的．  相似文献   

多井约束三维地震伽玛波阻抗反演在新场气田砂体描述中的运用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘诗荣  许国明 《贵州地质》2002,19(1):60-66

多井约束三维地震反演是岩性勘探常采用的处理手段，三维地震数据体在井的约束下，通过反演可获取具有岩层物属性特征（如岩性，孔隙度，伽玛值）含意和测气意义的数据体，在此基础上建立地质解释模型，可以较准确地获取岩层相应参数体空间展布，运用Jason反演技术，生成伽玛岩性数据体和波阻抗数据体，清理出了新场气田沙溪庙组厚度≥5m，展布面积≥0.3km^2的13层次砂体，并从沉积微相，储层物性波阻抗级别等方面对砂体的含气性进行了研究。  相似文献   

Syntectonic hydrothermal calcite in a faulted carbonate platform margin (Albian of Jorrios, northern Spain)     

A. Aranburu  P. A. Fernández-Mendiola†  M. A. López-Horgue†‡  J. García-Mondéjar† 《Sedimentology》2002,49(4):875-890

ABSTRACT A calcite mass more than 1·5 km long and 20 m wide crops outs along the faulted margin of the Albian carbonate platform of Jorrios in northern Spain. The mass contains abundant dissolution cavities up to 7 m long and 1 m high, filled with cross‐stratified quartz sandstone and alternating sandstone–calcite laminae. Similar cavities are also present in a 50‐m‐wide zone of platform limestones adjacent to the calcite mass that are filled with limestone breccias and sandstone. The calcite mass has mean δ¹⁸O values of 19·6‰ (SMOW), whereas platform limestones have mean δ¹⁸O values of 24·4‰ (SMOW). Synsedimentary faulting of the carbonate margin and circulation of heated fault‐related waters resulted in replacement of a band of limestone by calcite. Soon after this replacement, dissolution by undersaturated fluids affected both the calcite mass and the adjacent limestones. Percolating marine quartz sand filled all dissolution cavities, sometimes alternating with precipitating calcite. The resulting cavities and fills, which recall products of meteoric diagenesis, are attributed to a hydrothermal origin based on their geometry, occurrence along the profile and synsedimentary tectonic relationships. The early faulting and diagenesis are related to local extensional tectonism in a large‐scale strike‐slip setting. Movements occurred during the early dispar/appenninica zone of the Late Albian.  相似文献   

Les événements de la limite Permien–Trias : derniers survivants et/ou premiers re-colonisateurs parmi les ostracodes du Taurus (Sud-Ouest de la Turquie)The events of the Permian–Trias boundary: last survivors and/or first colonisers among the ostracods of the Taurides (southwestern Turkey)     

Sylvie Crasquin-Soleau  Sylvain Richoz  Jean Marcoux  Lucia Angiolini  Alda Nicora  Aymon Baud 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(7):489-495

Very few data on Early Triassic marine ostracods are available. In most of cases, the data concern the upper part of the Early Triassic. The Çürük da? section, located in the Western Taurides (Turkey), well stratigraphically constrained by conodonts and foraminifera, has been re-sampled for ostracod study. A significant fauna has been discovered in the Late Permian and the levels of the Earliest Triassic (Hindeodus parvus and Isarcicella isarcica staeschei zones). The ostracods of the basis of the Kokarkuyu Fm. are the oldest Triassic forms ever discovered. The occurrence of Palaeocopes in the earliest Triassic and similarity between the Permian and Induan assemblages suggest that the Lower Triassic Çürük da? ostracods represent a survival assemblage after the Permo-Triassic mass-extinction. To cite this article: S. Crasquin-Soleau et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 489–495.  相似文献