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161.
Anthony Finizola Jean-Franois Lnat Orlando Macedo Domingo Ramos Jean-Claude Thouret Francesco Sortino 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2004,135(4):216
One of the seven potentially active andesite stratovolcanoes in southern Peru, Misti (5822 m), located 17 km northeast and 3.5 km above Arequipa, represents a major threat to the population (900,000 inhabitants). Our recent geophysical and geochemical research comprises an extensive self-potential (SP) data set, an audio–magnetotelluric (AMT) profile across the volcano and CO2 concentrations in the soil along a radial profile. The SP survey is the first of its kind in providing a complete mapping of a large andesitic stratovolcano 20 km in diameter. The SP mapping enables us to analyze the SP signature associated with a subduction-related active volcano.The general SP pattern of Misti is similar to that of most volcanoes with a hydrogeologic zone in the lower flanks and a hydrothermal zone in the upper central area. A quasi-systematic relationship exists between SP and elevation. Zones with constant SP/altitude gradients (Ce) are observed in both hydrogeologic (negative Ce) and hydrothermal (positive Ce) zones. Transition zones between the different Ce zones, which form a concentric pattern around the summit, have been interpreted in terms of lateral heterogeneities in the lithology. The highest amplitudes of SP anomalies seem to coincide with highly resistive zones. The hydrothermal system 6 km in diameter, which extends over an area much larger than the summit caldera, may be constrained by an older, concealed collapse caldera. A sealed zone has apparently developed through alteration in the hydrothermal system, blocking the migration of CO2 upward. Significant CO2 emanations are thus observed on the lower flanks but are absent above the hydrothermal zone. 相似文献
162.
Norina Andres Fernando Vegas Galdos Waldo Sven Lavado Casimiro Massimiliano Zappa 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):2043-2059
AbstractEstimating water resources is important for adequate water management in the future, but suitable data are often scarce. We estimated water resources in the Vilcanota basin (Peru) for the 1998–2009 period with the semi-distributed hydrological model PREVAH using: (a) raingauge measurements; (b) satellite rainfall estimates from the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA); and (c) ERA-Interim re-analysis data. Multiplicative shift and quantile mapping were applied to post-process the TMPA estimates and ERA-Interim data. This resulted in improved low-flow simulations. High-flow simulations could only be improved with quantile mapping. Furthermore, we adopted temperature and rainfall anomalies obtained from three GCMs for three future periods to make estimations of climate change impacts (Delta-change approach) on water resources. Our results show more total runoff during the rainy season from January to March, and temporary storages indicate that less water will be available in this Andean region, which has an effect on water supply, especially during dry season.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Gerten 相似文献
163.
2019年5月26日(北京时间)秘鲁北部发生M7.8地震,震源深度为100km。本文利用国际地震学研究联合会数据管理中心(IRIS/DMC)提供的远场波形数据,通过波形反演方法快速反演得到此次地震的矩张量解和破裂过程。W震相快速矩张量解反演结果表明此次地震是一次中深源正断层型地震事件,可能是由于正在向下俯冲的纳斯卡板块产生规模巨大的伸展变形所致。远震体波反演有限断层模型结果显示此次地震的发震断层为高倾角的NNW向断层面,破裂从初始破裂点开始,由震中主要向NNW方向延伸破裂,最大滑移量约3m;地震破裂时间约为70s,在40~60s时释放了整个地震80%的地震矩能量,主要破裂区域在震后40s后才开始形成,在40s之前,破裂的集中程度和地震矩释放的规模均较弱,断层在破裂开始后逐渐加速破裂,约50s时地震矩释放速率达到峰值,60s后破裂迅速愈合。 相似文献
164.
《Limnologica》2020
We assessed water quality using physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in 37 streams between Puerto Maldonado and Cusco in Peru. Study sites ranged from ∼200 to 4000 m in elevation, with streams selected as pairs (control/natural vs. human impacted) along this gradient. In general, temperature decreased (R2 = 0.82) and other parameters increased [dissolved oxygen (R2 = 0.19), conductivity (R2 = 0.17), pH (R2 = 0.37)] with elevation. Macroinvertebrates were hand collected by professional entomologists and using leaf packs implemented by conservation workers. The professionals identified 213 unique taxa from the hand collections, with 80 species collected only one time. Data from control streams showed that as elevation increased, total richness (p = 0.008) and EPT richness (p = 0.050) decreased whereas Diptera richness increased (p = 0.002). NMS ordination indicated significant differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages when control streams from low and high elevations were contrasted. Hand collections also revealed significant differences between control and impact streams for total richness, EPT richness and % Diptera, but not for % EPT, % EPT richness, or % Diptera richness. The majority of the deployed leaf packs were successfully retrieved and contained many macroinvertebrates (Avg. = 141 individuals per pack). There were 98 unique taxa (family level or higher) identified from the leaf packs by the trained conservation workers. Fourteen of 15 macroinvertebrate community metrics (at the family level) were able to detect significant differences between control and impact sites. All of the family level metrics responded similarly across the elevation gradient except total richness, EPT richness, EPT count, and % Hydropsychids. Both the Costa Rica and the Virginia Save Our Stream Indexes were able to differentiate control from impacted streams using leaf pack data. Although the diversity of macroinvertebrates was higher for hand collections relative to leaf packs (due to greater habitats sampled and higher taxonomic resolution), leaf pack samples were better able to distinguish control from impacted streams. Specifically, leaf packs were able to discern impacts in streams at low elevation better than those at high elevation. Generally, macroinvertebrates indicated impact from urbanization to be worse than impacts from other human activities (i.e., gold mining and agriculture). Overall, hand collections will serve as an important reference of species diversity going forward while leaf packs processed by trained conservation workers are a viable method to monitor stream water quality in Peru and perhaps elsewhere. 相似文献
165.
166.
采用X射线粉晶衍射、红外光谱仪、电子探针、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪以及紫外可见光分光光度计对不同深浅的秘鲁产粉色蛋白石样品进行了物相组成及颜色成因的测试和分析。结果显示,粉色蛋白石的主要矿物组成为Opal-CT、坡缕石、石英和水,且水的类型较为丰富,包含了结晶水、结构水和沸石水。结合X射线粉晶衍射、红外光谱及电子探针分析认为粉色蛋白石的颜色与坡缕石有关,且通过XRD定量分析坡缕石的含量,认为其与颜色呈正相关。综合紫外-可见光光谱、电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱结果分析,粉色蛋白石的颜色与坡缕石结构中的有机物醌和β类胡萝卜素及Mn2+有关,且Mn2+含量越多,颜色越深,同时提出了Fe3+对颜色的影响,发现Fe3+只出现在了深色样品中。 相似文献