非线性时间序列分析的最新进展及其在地球科学中的应用前景   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

洪时中 《地球科学进展》1999,14(6):559-565

评述了非线性时间序列分析的最新进展,包括相空间重构、序列性质的鉴别、建模与预报,同时介绍了非线性时间序列分析在地球科学中的应用概况。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘及周边地区基于程函方程的面波层析成像   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

钟世军  吴建平  房立华  王未来  范莉苹  王怀富 《地球物理学报》2017,60(6):2304-2314

利用"中国地震科学台阵探测"在南北地震带北段布设的670套宽频带地震台站记录到的面波资料,使用新近发展的程函方程面波层析成像方法,获得了青藏高原东北缘及周边地区12~60 s周期范围比以往成像结果具有更高分辨率的瑞利面波相速度分布图像.青藏高原东北缘的祁连褶皱系西段、秦岭褶皱系西段和松潘一甘孜褶皱系,在16~60s周期范围内均显示出明显的低速异常分布,表明该地区的地壳力学强度较低,在强烈的构造应力作用下易发生形变.与西段不同,祁连褶皱系东段和秦岭褶皱系中段的相速度分布特征揭示,其中下地壳的速度明显高于高原内部区域.鄂尔多斯块体整体上表现为稳定块体具有的高速特征,但其西部边缘在中上地壳的速度比块体中部地区偏低,且存在一定的不均匀性.鄂尔多斯块体西北缘的临河断陷盆地和西缘的银川断陷盆地,在较短的周期范围内(12~20 s)表现为局部低速特征,但与银川断陷盆地不同,临河断陷盆地的低速特征可一直延续至60 s周期以上,表明该盆地下方地壳及上地幔速度明显偏低,可能与深部热作用有关.阿拉善块体与其北部地区的速度差异主要表现在中上地壳,这一现象值得今后进一步探讨.基于程函方程面波层析成像方法给出了青藏高原东北缘及周边地区高分辨率的成像结果,揭示了以往面波层析成像难以获得的深部细节特征,为该地区的深部构造研究提供了新的信息.  相似文献   

基于TIE方程的空间域相位恢复迭代算法          下载免费PDF全文

唐巍  王彦飞 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1851-1860

利用同步辐射X射线同轴显微层析(CT)方法对页岩进行扫描成像是一种无损的,对研究页岩孔裂隙大小、形态、三维结构及连通性等微观结构特征有重要意义的方法.同步辐射的引入将在物理上为提高页岩成像的分辨率提供了可能,在相位-吸收二重性假设下利用光强传递TIE(transport-of-intensity)方程可以较好地抑制由于相位信息带来的"边缘增强"效应,但该问题本质上是不适定的反演问题.本文根据实际问题构造模型,提出了一种与传统基于频域方法不同的,基于空间域的相位恢复迭代算法,并采用迭代Tikhonov正则化在数值上解决了噪声干扰下的不稳定性·问题.研究结果表明,新方法的残差仅为频域方法的1%左右,该方法可用于未来实际数据的处理.  相似文献   

Analytical approach for sheet flow transport in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xin Chen  Fujun Wang  Xuelin Tang 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(3):234-242

An instantaneous analytical approach is developed to predict sheet flow transport in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow. The approach is derived from exponential approximations of velocity and concentration profiles above a mobile seabed, and it particularly considers factors of phase lead; phase lag (i.e. phase residual and phase shift); acceleration modification; and asymmetries in shear stress, roughness height, and boundary layer development. The approach can predict net boundary layer flow above a mobile seabed, and can revert to the classical bedload model. Instantaneous and net sediment transport rates are studied using the approach. The instantaneous sediment transport rate in an onshore flow stage can be approximated by a power function of velocity in which the exponent is confirmed to range between 1 and 5 with a decrease in the phase residual. The net sediment transport rate predicted using the approach is validated using a considerable amount of measured data, and compared with existing instantaneous and half-period type models that consider the phase lag or acceleration modification. For the net sediment transport rate in purely acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow, the phase residual is less important than the acceleration-skewed boundary layer difference between onshore and offshore acceleration stages.  相似文献   

基于U形卷积神经网络的震相识别与到时拾取方法研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

赵明  陈石  房立华  David A Yuen 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3034-3042

精确获取震相到时是地震定位和地震走时成像等研究的重要基础.近年来,随着地震台站的不断加密,地震台网监测到的地震数量成倍增长,发展快速、准确、适用性强的震相到时自动拾取算法是地震行业的迫切需求.本文在前人工作基础上,发展了Pg、Sg震相自动识别与到时拾取的U网络算法（Unet_cea）,使用汶川余震和首都圈地震台网记录的89344个不同震级、不同信噪比的样本进行训练和测试.研究表明,U网络能够较好地识别Pg、Sg震相类型和拾取到时,Pg、Sg震相的正确识别率分别为81%和79.1%,与人工标注到时的均方根误差分别为0.41 s和0.54 s.U网络在命中率、均方根误差等性能指标上均明显优于STA/LTA和峰度分析自动拾取方法.研究获得的最优模型可以为区域地震台网的自动处理提供辅助.  相似文献   

Sorption and Chemical Reactions of PAHs with Dissolved Humic Substances and Related Model Polymers     

Frank‐Dieter Kopinke  Anett Georgi  Katrin Mackenzie 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2001,28(7):385-399

Sorption coefficients measured for PAHs on dissolved humic substances by SPME and FQT were found to be inevitably different and method‐dependent – SPME provides activity‐based and FQT concentration‐based sorption coefficients. Poly(acrylic acid) esters as well‐defined model polymers were used in sorption experiments, leading to the conclusion that short aliphatic chains are more effective in binding PAHs than aromatic moieties. FQT was inappropriate to measure sorption coefficients for the interaction of pyrene with poly(acrylic acid) esters but the experiments revealed a characteristic shift in the fluorescence spectrum. Using pyrene as a probe for the molecular environment in the sorbed state, the observed spectral shift indicated a highly hydrophobic microenvironment. The empirical relationships between lg K_DOC and lg K_OW were generalized on the basis of a modified Flory‐Huggins concept. Introducing only one sorbent‐specific parameter, the solubility parameter δ_DOM, the calculation of sorption coefficients became possible for a wide range of HOCs using fundamental data readily available from the literature. Long‐term experiments showed that reactive PAHs (such as acenaphthylene and 9‐methylanthracene) are able to react with HAs under strictly abiotic and anoxic conditions, whereas less reactive PAHs (such as naphthalene and dihydroanthracene) do not form bound residues. The HA reveals two functions in the interaction, behaving as a reaction partner and as a protecting ligand.  相似文献   

GPS相位平滑伪距差分定位中若干问题的探讨     

张勇  李岳峰  徐立东 《全球定位系统》2010,35(2):22-25

伪距差分定位方法是利用基准站的伪距差对流动站的观测伪距进行改正,得到流动站改正后的伪距观测值后再解算流动站坐标。而利用载波相位历元间的差值对伪距进行平滑,可以减少测量噪声从而提高定位精度,但这都需要在一定的条件下才能得到保证。比如粗差的探测与周跳修复（算法中要利用载波相位观测量）等问题,介绍了自行编制的软件对相关问题的处理方法,并通过试验验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

非线性大气动力学的进展   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

李建平  丑纪范 《大气科学》2003,27(4):653-673

总结了自新中国成立以来中国科学院大气物理研究所在非线性大气动力学领域的进展,其中主要介绍了在非线性适应过程、非线性稳定与不稳定、全局分析理论、可预报性、低阶谱方法与多平衡态动力学、非线性波动、波流相互作用、阻塞高压非线性动力学、中小尺度非线性动力学等几个方面的研究成果及最新进展.  相似文献   

Quick Phase Identification for Dense Seismic Array with Aid from Long Term Phase Records of Co-located Sparse Permanent Stations     

CHEN Yini  LI Jun  WANG Zhenjie  ZHAO Mengqi  YU Tiehong  LI Danning  YU Junyi  WANG Weitao 《中国地震研究》2020,34(3):328-342

The phase identification and travel time picking are critical for seismic tomography, yet it will be challenging when the numbers of stations and earthquakes are huge. We here present a method to quickly obtain P and S travel times of pre-determined earthquakes from mobile dense array with the aid from long term phase records from co-located permanent stations. The records for 1 768 M ≥ 2.0 events from 2011 to 2013 recorded by 350 ChinArray stations deployed in Yunnan Province are processed with an improved AR-AIC method utilizing cumulative envelope and rectilinearity. The reference arrivals are predicted based on phase records from 88 permanent stations with similar spatial coverage, which are further refined with AR-AIC. Totally, 718 573 P picks and 512 035 S picks are obtained from mobile stations, which are 28 and 22 times of those from permanent stations, respectively. By comparing the automatic picks with manual picks from 88 permanent stations, for M ≥ 3.0 events, 81.5% of the P-pick errors are smaller than 0.5 second and 70.5% of S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. For events with a lower magnitude, 76.5% P-pick errors fall into 0.5 second and 69.5% S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. Moreover, the Pn and Sn phases are easily discriminated from directly P/S, indicating the necessity of combining traditional auto picking and integrating machine learning method.  相似文献   

利用远震研究四川盆地及其周缘瑞利面波相速度和方位各向异性          下载免费PDF全文

王小龙  雷兴林  马胜利  张烨  郭志  闻学泽 《地球物理学报》2020,63(2):445-459

基于四川盆地及周边的245个宽频带台站2010年9月—2014年9月期间的远震记录,提取双台路径瑞利面波相速度频散资料,反演得到四川盆地20～120s的高分辨率瑞利面波相速度及各向异性空间分布.在丰富区域地球物理基础数据的同时,结合已有研究成果对地壳上地幔变形耦合进行探讨,结果表明短周期(20～30s)的相速度分布与四川盆地的地质构造特征相吻合,作为川滇地块、松潘—甘孜地块和四川盆地之间的边界——龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带对上述三个地块上地壳的速度结构具有明显的控制作用;松潘—甘孜地块,特别是川滇地块中下地壳普遍表现为明显的低速异常,表明中下地壳相对软弱;而四川盆地的中下地壳整体呈现相对高速,表明四川盆地具有相对坚硬的中下地壳.研究区域东南角接近北扬子地块与南扬子地块的缝合部位,呈现高速异常.四川盆地南部和东南邻区不同周期均具有较强的各向异性,且快波方向较为一致,反映这些地区不同深度变形耦合较好.四川盆地西部、北部及东北部邻区,不同周期的各向异性快波方向变化较大,不同深度变形耦合较差.这些特征与绕喜马拉雅东构造结的物质流动被扬子地块的高速地壳阻挡的宏观认识基本一致.  相似文献