云南上新世杜鹃属和松属化石木研究及其古气候意义          下载免费PDF全文

扆铁梅  李承森  姜笑梅  王宇飞 《古地理学报》2002,4(4):90-98

研究了云南西部龙陵县上新世的化石木。鉴定出两种木材类型。杜鹃花科杜鹃属的似腋花杜鹃Rhododendron cf. racemosum Franchet，其主要木材特征有散孔材，生长轮略明显，导管具多角形轮廓，螺纹加厚出现在整个导管壁上，梯状穿孔板，射线异形II型。松科华山松Pinus armandii Franchet的主要特征有交叉场纹孔窗格状，具正常轴向和纵向树脂道，且泌脂细胞壁薄，射线管胞内壁平滑或具稀疏的微锯齿。两种类型的化石木在我国均属首次报道。根据化石木结构和现代相应树种和植被的生境范围，当时植物生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地环境，其海拔大约在1800米左右。  相似文献   

Key Late Cenozoic fluvial archives of eastern Europe: the Dniester, Dnieper, Don and Volga     

Andrei V. Matoshko 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2004,115(2):141-173

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云南元谋上新世秋枫化石的首次发现及古气候分析?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

程业明  王宇飞  李承森  姜础 《古地理学报》2005,7(1):107-112

云南元谋盆地西部物茂盆地的湾堡土林和虎跳滩土林的晚上新世沙沟组地层大戟科秋枫属的秋枫（Bischofia javanica BL.）化石木。化石木木材由导管、纤维、射线组成。生长轮不明显。散孔材。径列复管孔（2~6，多2~4）甚多，单管孔较少，管孔团稀见。导管端壁具单穿孔。管间纹孔式互列。导管内侵填体丰富。轴向薄壁组织未见。木纤维壁薄，分隔。射线组织异形Ⅰ及Ⅱ。射线与导管间纹孔式为横列梯形及大圆形。孢粉分析表明元谋盆地晚上新世可能存在包括大戟科草本植物，而当前秋枫化石木的发现清楚地表明大戟科乔木植物的存在。秋枫为热带和亚热带常绿季雨林中的主要树种。秋枫化石木的发现指示元谋盆地当时的环境较现今湿润。  相似文献   

西藏阿里札达盆地上新统鼠兔类牙齿化石的发现   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

孟宪刚  朱大岗  邵兆刚  杨朝斌  韩建恩  余佳  孟庆伟 《地质通报》2005,24(12):1175-1178

首次在西藏阿里札达盆地上新世河湖相沉积地层中发现了鼠兔类牙齿化石，对鼠兔类牙齿化石的基本特征进行了描述，并在同一层位中采集了大量孢粉、古动物和古植物化石。结合区域地质特征，产出鼠兔类牙齿化石地层的古地磁、ESR测年资料，沉积学特征等的简要分析，认为札达盆地鼠兔类的演化迁徙与上新世时气候由温暖湿润向寒冷潮湿-温和干旱的变化有关。显然，这一发现有助于认识青藏高原新近纪上新世的生物演化、气候变化和构造活动，并为研究青藏高原新近纪以来的生物进化、湖泊与河流演化、气候变化、古地理与古环境变迁和古近系、新近系、第四系地层划分等提供了新资料。  相似文献   

新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠中两个钻孔的孢粉分析及其意义     

阎顺  许英勤 《新疆地质》1990,(4)

通过塔中1井和满西1井两个钻孔的孢粉特征.划分出7个组合带.上新世晚期.塔克拉玛干大部为草原和荒漠平原,河流沿岸生长着以榆为主的落叶阔叶林.第四纪以来气候干旱.北部以荒漠为主;南部以荒漠草原为主,平原河谷广泛分布着以扬、柳、榆为主的落叶阔叶林.根据古植被可以看出,上新古世有面积不大的沙漠出现,到第四纪北部沙漠发育,南部具阶段性发育.  相似文献   

Late Pliocene to Holocene platform evolution in northern Belize, and comparison with coeval deposits in southern Belize and the Bahamas     

S.J. MAZZULLO 《Sedimentology》2006,53(5):1015-1047

Lithostratigraphy, depositional facies architecture, and diagenesis of upper Pliocene to Holocene carbonates in northern Belize are evaluated based on a ca 290 m, continuous section of samples from a well drilled on Ambergris Caye that can be linked directly to outcrops of Pleistocene limestone, and of overlying Holocene sediments. Upper Pliocene outer‐ramp deposits are overlain unconformably by Pleistocene and Holocene reef‐rimmed platforms devoid of lowstand siliciclastics. Tectonism controlled the location of the oldest Pleistocene platform margin and coralgal barrier reef, and periodically affected deposition in the Holocene. A shallow, flat‐topped, mostly aggradational platform was maintained in the Holocene by alternating periods of highstand barrier‐reef growth and lowstand karstification, differential subsidence, and the low magnitude of accommodation space increases during highstands. Facies in Pleistocene rocks to the lee of the barrier reef include: (i) outer‐shelf coralgal sands with scattered coral patch reefs; (ii) a shoal–water transition zone comprising nearshore skeletal and oolitic sands amidst scattered islands and tidal flats; and (iii) micritic inner‐shelf deposits. Four glacio‐eustatically forced sequences are recognized in the Pleistocene section, and component subtidal cycles probably include forced cycles and autocycles. Excluding oolites, Holocene facies are similar to those in the Pleistocene and include mud‐mounds, foraminiferal sand shoals in the inner shelf, and within the interiors of Ambergris and surrounding cayes, mangrove swamps, shallow lagoons, and tidal and sea‐marginal flats. Meteoric diagenesis of Pliocene and Pleistocene rocks is indicated by variable degrees of mineralogic stabilization, generally depleted whole‐rock δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values, and meniscus and whisker‐crystal cements. Differences in the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Pliocene and Pleistocene rocks are attributed to variable extent of meteoric alteration. Dolomitization in the Pliocene carbonates may have begun syndepositionally and continued into the marine shallow‐burial environment. Positive dolomite δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values suggest precipitation from circulating, near‐normal marine fluids that probably were modified somewhat by methanogenesis. Sedimentologic and diagenetic attributes of the Pliocene–Pleistocene rocks in the study area are similar to those in the Bahamas with which they share a common history of sea‐level fluctuations and climate change.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as evidence of hydrocarbon migration in marine and lagoon sediments of a recent rift zone (Skjálfandi and Öxarfjörður), Iceland     

Alfred R. Geptner  Bjarni Richter  Yurii I. Pikovskii  Sergey S. Chernyansky  Tatiana A. Alexeeva 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2006,66(3):213-225

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and distribution was studied in the northern part of modern rift zone. All samples analysed represent slightly altered clastic deposits and hot water discharging in springs and from wells. To study PAH in present-day gas emission traps with diatomite absorbent were installed in the Skógalón geothermal field. All samples were analysed by the method of Shpol'sky spectroscopy. Hydrothermally altered deposits show the highest amount of PAH. Data obtained allow to believe that the distribution of PAH is closely associated with the dynamics of the hydrothermal environment. The fissure formation and temperature fluctuation in hydrothermal systems can govern both the processes of PAH synthesis and sorption. The evidences of PAH migration up through the Skjálfandi and Öxarfjörður sedimentary basins show that hydrocarbons associate mainly with hydrothermal minerals and deep ground waters. Studying PAH associations can be used as an indicator of hydrocarbons distribution, ways of migration and possible zones of accumulation in the land and marine sedimentary basins in active and ancient rift zones of Iceland.  相似文献   

Pliocene to Holocene geomorphic evolution and paleogeography of the El’gygytgyn Lake region,NE Russia     

O. Yu. Glushkova  V. N. Smirnov 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(1):37-47

Geomorphic, lithologhic, and stratigraphic field studies as well as pollen data and mineralogical study have been used to propose Pliocene and Pleistocene paleogeographic reconstructions of the El’gygytgyn meteorite crater area. The moment of impact is recorded above the early Pliocene hill denudation plain as a “chaotic horizon” consisting of fragments of impactite rocks. This chaotic horizon lies between layers of late Pliocene alluvial sediments. During the second half of the late Pliocene, the region was tectonically active, when the Anadyr lowland was uplifted causing alluvial sediments to accumulate in the basins to the south of the crater. Regional climatic cooling, which supported the spread of tundra and the formation of permafrost is characteristically to late Pliocene. The 35–40 m high terrace that roughly follows the 530 m contour interval along the Enmyvaam River formed during the middle Pleistocene. This terrace represents the maximum lake level. Erosion and incision of the upper Enmyvaam River increased due to another wave of uplift. Additionally, El’gygytgyn Lake discharge increased causing lake level to begin to drop in the Middle Pleistocene. Cooling continued, which led to the development of herb-dominated arctic tundra. middle and late Pleistocene glaciations did not reach the El’gygytgyn lake region. The 9–11 m high lacustrine terrace was formed around the lake during the late Pleistocene and the 2–3 m high lacustrine terrace formed later during the Holocene. During the last 5000 years, the lake level has continued to drop as the modern coastline developed. This is the third in a series of eleven papers published in this special issue dedicated to initial studies of El’gygytgyn Crater Lake and its catchment in NE Russia. Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk were guest editors of this special issue.  相似文献   

中国北方上新世晚期-更新世早期风成沉积物磁化率各向异性初探          下载免费PDF全文

朱艳明  周力平  张世红 《第四纪研究》2007,27(6):1009-1015

前人对中国黄土高原晚更新世黄土沉积物的磁化率各向异性的研究表明,磁化率椭球体最大轴(Kmax)偏角的方向能够指示黄土沉积时期的搬运动力方向,即古风向,并可以通过这种途径进行古季风的重建.本研究试图通过对中国黄土高原晚上新世-早更新世转折时期的风成沉积磁化率各向异性研究进一步检验其在古风向重建方面的应用潜力.选择分别地处黄土高原中部、南部和东部地区的灵台、渭南和保德3个剖面,对红粘土向黄土过渡时期4个不同地层单元古土壤层(S32)、黄土层(L33)、过渡层(TU)以及红粘土沉积(RC)的样品进行了磁化率各向异性测量,结果表明磁线理L值很小,而磁面理F较为发育,这与前人对晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果一致;同时,4个不同地层单元的磁面理F、各向异性度P和形状因子T在3个剖面上均表现出随土壤发育程度增强而减小的变化趋势,说明后期的成壤作用能够不同程度地降低磁面理、磁化率各向异性度以及形状因子的大小.与前人对于晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果不同的是3个剖面的S32,L33,TU以及RC的Kmax的偏角似乎并不能反映出当时的搬运动力方向,即古风向,而长期的压实作用以及不同程度的后期土壤化作用是造成这一时期黄土和红粘土沉积物磁化率各向异性最大轴偏角方向未能反映出当时搬运动力方向(古风向)的原因之一.  相似文献   

上新世以来北京平原NBT1孔记录的地层沉积及构造指示     

赵勇  李瑞杰  杨誉博  王纯君  杨吉龙  王强  李莉 《地质学报》2023,97(2):553-564

磁性地层学结合宇宙成因核素、AMS 14 C测年为晚新生代可靠的长序地质年代框架建立提供了有效快捷手段。在北京平原东南部钻取的NBT1全取芯钻孔进行了详细的磁性地层学研究,400 m钻孔335 块样品识别出10个正极性和9个负极性时段,记录了布容(Brunhes)、松山(Matuyama)、高斯(Gauss)、吉尔伯特(Gilbert)极性时,孔底进入到4. 2 Ma的Gilbert负极性时。以岩性组合、26 Al/10 Be、AMS 14 C年代学为基础,结合测井沉积〖JP2〗相分析,判断钻孔上新世晚期地层底界位于319. 60 m,第四系下更新统、中更新统、上更新统底界分别位于214. 80 m、〖JP〗70. 60 m、59. 25 m。在上新世约4. 2~3. 5 Ma发育了6期明显的冲洪积扇的快速沉积过程,第四纪早更新世以曲流河沉积体系为主,中更新世以湖沼沉积为主,夹分支河道沉积,沉积厚度相对较薄,晚更新世以分支河道- 湖沼沉积为主,其顶部末次盛冰期浊黄橙色硬质黏土发育。钻孔包含了3个沉积速率较高（>150 m/Ma）的时期,分别为3. 58~3. 33 Ma、1. 945~1. 778 Ma和0. 126~0. 010 Ma,与上新世以来青藏高原隆升扩展及华北地区晚更新世构造活化在时间上具有一致性,揭示了华北地区的沉积构造演化对青藏高原隆升具有一定响应。  相似文献