Cretaceous–Tertiary geology of the Gangdese Arc in the Linzhou area, southern Tibet     

Shundong He  Paul Kapp  Peter G. DeCelles  George E. Gehrels  Matthew Heizler   《Tectonophysics》2007,433(1-4):15-37

Knowledge of the Cretaceous–Tertiary history of upper crustal shortening and magmatism in Tibet is fundamental to placing constraints on when and how the Tibetan plateau formed. In the Lhasa terrane of southern Tibet, the widely exposed angular unconformity beneath uppermost Cretaceous–lower Tertiary volcanic-bearing strata of the Linzizong Formation provides an excellent geologic and time marker to distinguish between deformation that occurred before vs. during the Indo-Asian collision. In the Linzhou area, located  30 km north of the city of Lhasa, a > 3-km-thick section of the Linzizong Formation lies unconformably on Cretaceous and older rocks that were shortened by both northward- and southward-verging structures during the Late Cretaceous. The Linzizong Formation dips northward in the footwall of a north-dipping thrust system that involves Triassic–Jurassic strata and a granite intrusion in the hanging wall. U–Pb zircon geochronologic studies show that the Linzizong Formation ranges in age from 69 Ma to at least 47 Ma and that the hanging wall granite intrusion crystallized at  52 Ma, coeval with dike emplacement into footwall Cretaceous strata. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronologic studies suggest slow cooling of the granite between 49 and 42 Ma, followed by an episode of accelerated cooling to upper crustal levels beginning at  42 Ma. The onset of rapid cooling was coeval with the cessation of voluminous arc magmatism in southern Tibet and is interpreted be a consequence of either (1) Tertiary thrusting in this region or (2) regional rock uplift and erosion following removal of overthickened Gangdese arc lower crust and upper mantle or break-off of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab.  相似文献   

基性麻粒岩造岩矿物微量元素再分配特征及其对变质历史的指示作用:以胶北地体高压麻粒岩为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王浩铮  张华锋  翟明国 《岩石学报》2015,31(6):1694-1710

高级变质岩的变质历史是反演地壳构造-热事件的重要依据,然而高温扩散和重结晶作用能够改造造岩矿物中的主量元素分布,这对峰期变质温压条件的反演产生很不利的影响。相对于主量元素,微量元素,尤其是离子半径较大的REE,由于其在晶格中的扩散速率远小于主量元素,在高级叠加变质过程有可能记录前期变质作用。本文以胶北地体的高压基性麻粒岩为研究对象,通过详细的岩相学和矿物化学分析,初步解析了变质重结晶过程中的矿物微量元素再分配特征及其对变质作用的指示意义。岩相学上的证据表明这些样品经历了麻粒岩相变质和后期重结晶作用。单矿物的原位化学成分分析,峰期矿物石榴石、单斜辉石的主量元素Mg、Fe、Ca等二价阳离子分布均一,但部分稀土元素及微量元素则表现出钟形剖面环带分布,暗示主量元素遭受到成份扩散及重结晶所致的元素再分配,微量元素可记录峰期历史。结合主、微量元素温压计,我们分别估算了胶东基性高压麻粒岩的峰期(828℃、1.27GPa)和中压麻粒岩相退变质温压条件(810~840℃、0.6~1.0GPa),并推测其后期经历过角闪岩相退变质叠加。结合前人的年代学工作,我们认为该基性麻粒岩经历了近等温快速减压的变质历史。  相似文献   

华北克拉通怀安陆块新太古代低铝和高铝TTG片麻岩的地球化学特征与成因   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张华锋  王浩铮  豆敬兆  张少颖 《岩石学报》2015,31(6):1518-1534

英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩(简称TTG)是太古宙高级变质地体的主要物质组成,对深入理解早期大陆生长及其机制具有重要的科学意义。目前,人们对其成因过程与机制仍有不同认识。本文以怀安陆块中广泛分布的TTG片麻岩为例,探讨其成因演化和机制。研究区位于华北克拉通中北部,主要由新太古代英云闪长岩及少量奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩组成。我们从该区识别出富硅富重稀土和负铕异常的低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩,形成时代与广泛分布的高铝TTG质片麻岩一致(锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄2.53Ga)。岩石地球化学数据显示,低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩的主量元素具有富SiO 2(76%~79%),低Al2O3(11.01%~12.61%)、CaO(1.27%~1.59%)、MgO(0.74%~0.24%)和Mg#(18~53)等特征,而广泛分布的高铝TTG岩系的主量元素含量变化大,例如,SiO 2=63%~77%、Al2O3=13.2%~17.77%、CaO=1.8%~5.78%、MgO=0.18%~3.84%和Mg#=35~64。微量元素方面,低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩具有Eu/Eu*负异常(除1个样品为弱正异常1.38外,其余样品分布在0.59~0.44),富集重稀土((La/Yb)N=4~7,(Gd/Yb)N=0.36~1.27),而高铝TTG岩系从弱负铕异常到正异常(Eu/Eu*=0.8~5.35),轻重稀土分馏明显((La/Yb)N=10~103、(Gd/Yb)N=1.97~5.72)。在微量蛛网图中二者的区别除重稀土明显存在区别外,低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩显示出Ba、Sr的相对亏损,而高铝TTG岩系则相反。二者Lu/Hf比值差异明显,低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩变化在0.1~0.16,而高铝TTG岩系变化在0.01~0.07。在Lu/Hf与相关元素以及SiO 2与相关元素哈克图解中,二者差异更加明显,表明它们之间不存在直接的成因联系。综合锆石U-Pb、Lu-Hf同位素特征以及岩石地球化学特征,我们认为低铝奥长花岗质片麻岩是低压下由新太古代新生基性地壳物质低程度部分熔融而成,源区残留矿物相以辉石+斜长石为主,岩浆可能存在过独居石的分异作用。高铝TTG岩系主要由新生基性地壳在相对高压下部分熔融而成,源区残留相以石榴石+辉石+角闪石以及无或少量斜长石为特征。岩浆经历过角闪石和辉石分离结晶作用,铕正异常增大的现象可能与斜长石堆晶有关。本区同时形成高铝和低铝TTG岩系的机制还需深入研究。俯冲机制、地幔柱机制以及二者共同作用等机制均能解释TTG的成因。依据本区同期还形成大量辉长质-闪长质岩浆和稍晚(2.5~2.45Ga)形成的钾质花岗岩类岩浆的侵入活动,我们认为本区高铝和低铝TTG岩系分别来自底侵作用导致的下地壳不同深度不同程度的部分熔融有关。引起底侵作用的机制可能与地幔柱或地幔柱与板块俯冲共同作用有关。  相似文献   

P–T–fluid evolution in the Mahalapye Complex, Limpopo high-grade terrane, eastern Botswana     

K. HISADA  L. L. PERCHUK  T. V. GERYA  D. D. VAN REENEN  B. K. PAYA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(5):313-334

Metapelites, migmatites and granites from the c. 2 Ga Mahalapye Complex have been studied for determining the P–T–fluid influence on mineral assemblages and local equilibrium compositions in the rocks from the extreme southwestern part of the Central Zone of the Limpopo high‐grade terrane in Botswana. It was found that fluid infiltration played a leading role in the formation of the rocks. This conclusion is based on both well‐developed textures inferred to record metasomatic reactions, such as Bt ? And + Qtz + (K₂O) and Bt ± Qtz ? Sil + Kfs + Ms ± Pl, and zonation of Ms | Bt + Qtz | And + Qtz and Grt | Crd | Pl | Kfs + Qtz reflecting a perfect mobility (Korzhinskii terminology) of some chemical components. The conclusion is also supported by the results of a fluid inclusion study. CO₂ and H₂O ( = 0.6) are the major components of the fluid. The fluid has been trapped synchronously along the retrograde P–T path. The P–T path was derived using mineral thermobarometry and a combination of mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion density data. The Mahalapye Complex experienced low‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism with a retrograde evolution from 770 °C and 5.5 kbar to 560 °C and 2 kbar, presumably at c. 2 Ga.  相似文献   

The Alpine Rif Belt (Morocco): A Case of Mountain Building in a Subduction-Subduction-Transform Fault Triple Junction     

A.?Chalouan  A.?MichardEmail author 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(3):489-519

—The Rif belt forms with the Betic Cordilleras an asymmetric arcuate mountain belt (Gibraltar Arc) around the Alboran Sea, at the western tip of the Alpine orogen. The Gibraltar Arc consists of an exotic terrane (Alboran Terrane) thrust over the African and Iberian margins. The Alboran Terrane itself includes stacked nappes which originate from an easterly, Alboran-Kabylias-Peloritani-Calabria (Alkapeca) continental domain, and displays Variscan low-grade and high-grade schists (Ghomarides-Malaguides and Sebtides-Alpujarrides, respectively), shallow water Mesozoic sediments (mainly in the Dorsale Calcaire passive margin units), and infracontinental peridotite slices (Beni Bousera, Ronda). During the Late Cretaceous?-Eocene, the Alboran Terrane was likely located south of a SE-dipping Alpine-Betic subduction (cf. Nevado-Filabride HP-LT metamorphism of central-eastern Betics). An incipient collision against Iberia triggered back-thrust tectonics south of the deformed terrane during the Late Eocene-Oligocene, and the onset of the NW-dipping Apenninic-Maghrebian subduction. The early, HP-LT phase of the Sebtide-Alpujarride metamorphism could be hypothetically referred to the Alpine-Betic subduction, or alternatively to the Apenninic-Maghrebian subduction, depending on the interpretation of the geochronologic data set. Both subduction zones merged during the Early Miocene west of the Alboran Terrane and formed a triple junction with the Azores-Gibraltar transform fault. A westward roll back of the N-trending subduction segment was responsible for the Neogene rifting of the internal Alboran Terrane, and for its coeval, oblique docking onto the African and Iberian margins. Seismic evidence of active E-dipping subduction, and opposite paleomagnetic rotations in the Rif and Betic limbs of the Gibraltar Arc support this structurally-based scenario.  相似文献   

Deep root of a continent-continent collision belt: Evidence from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic terrane, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhiqin Xu  Shaocheng Ji  Zeming Zhang  Qin Wang 《Tectonophysics》2009,475(2):204-219

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole, which reached a depth of 5158 m in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, provides a new window into the deep root of a continent-continent collision belt, and the tectonic processes by which supracrustal material is recycled into the mantle by subduction and then uplifted to the surface. Major research themes of the CCSD project were to: (1) determine the three-dimensional composition, structure and geophysical character of the deep root of this orogenic belt; (2) investigate the nature and timing of the UHP metamorphism; (3) investigate the processes of crust-mantle interaction involved in the formation and exhumation of the UHP rocks; (4) study the process of fluid circulation and mineralization during subduction and exhumation; (5) study the rheological properties of the various rocks during subduction and exhumation; (6) develop and refine dynamic models for deep subduction and exhumation of crustal rocks, and (7) establish a long-term, natural laboratory for the study of present-day crustal dynamics (e.g., stress, strain, fluid activity). The CCSD has developed precise oriented profiles of the main borehole in terms of lithology, geochemistry, oxygen isotopes, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages, ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages, deformation, rheology, mineralization, physical properties of the rocks, petrophysical logs, seismic reflections and underground fluids. The present paper summarizes the integrated research results of this project, especially the new findings concerning the deep root of a continent-continent collision.  相似文献   

Differential subduction and exhumation of crustal slices in the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane: insights from mineral inclusions, trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of zircon in orthogneiss   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F. L. LIU  A. GERDES  H. M. XUE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(9):805-825

Based on new evidence the Sulu orogen is divided from south‐east to north‐west into high‐pressure (HP) crustal slice I and ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) crustal slices II and III. A combined set of mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence images, U‐Pb SHRIMP dating and in situ trace element and Lu‐Hf isotope analyses was obtained on zircon from orthogneisses of the different slices. Zircon grains typically have three distinct domains that formed during crystallization of the magmatic protolith, HP or UHP metamorphism and late‐amphibolite facies retrogression, respectively: (i) oscillatory zoned cores, with low‐pressure (LP) mineral inclusions and Th/U > 0.38; (ii) high‐luminescent mantles (Th/U < 0.10), with HP mineral inclusions of Qtz + Grt + Arg + Phe + Ap for slice I zircon and Coe + Grt + Phe + Kfs + Ap for both slices II and III zircon; (iii) low‐luminescent rims, with LP mineral inclusions and Th/U < 0.08. Zircon U‐Pb SHRIMP analyses of inherited cores point to protolith ages of 785–770 Ma in all seven orthogneisses. The ages recorded for UHP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression in slice II zircon (c. 228 and c. 215 Ma, respectively) are significantly older than those of slice III zircon (c. 218 and c. 202 Ma, respectively), while slice I zircon recorded even older ages for HP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression (c. 245 and c. 231 Ma, respectively). Moreover, Ar‐Ar biotite ages from six paragneisses, interpreted as dating amphibolite facies retrogression, gradually decrease from HP slice I (c. 232 Ma) to UHP slice II (c. 215 Ma) and UHP slice III (c. 203 Ma). The combined data set suggests decreasing ages for HP or UHP metamorphism and late retrogression in the Sulu orogen from south‐east to north‐west. Thus, the HP‐UHP units are interpreted to represent three crustal slices, which underwent different subduction and exhumation histories. Slice I was detached from the continental lithosphere at ～55–65 km depth and subsequently exhumed while subduction of the underlying slice II continued to ～100–120 km depth (UHP) before detachment and exhumation. Slice III experienced a similar geodynamic evolution as slice II, however, both UHP metamorphism and subsequent exhumation took place c. 10 Myr later. Magmatic zircon cores from two types of orthogneiss in UHP slices II and III show similar mid‐Neoproterozoic crystallization ages, but have contrasting Hf isotope compositions (εHf_(～785) = ?2.7 to +2.2 and ?17.3 to ?11.1, respectively), suggesting their formation from distinct crustal units (Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic to Archean, respectively) during the breakup of Rodinia. The UHP and the retrograde zircon domains are characterized by lower Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf but higher ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf(t) than the Neoproterozoic igneous cores. The similarity between UHP and retrograde domains indicates that late retrogression did not significantly modify chemical and isotopic composition of the UHP metamorphic system.  相似文献   

青藏高原纳木错西缘新元古代中期岩浆事件:对北拉萨地块起源的约束   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

胡培远  翟庆国  赵国春  唐跃  王海涛  朱志才  王伟  吴昊 《岩石学报》2019,35(10):3115-3129

本文报道了青藏高原北拉萨地块纳木错西缘变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩形成时代分别为720±6Ma和732±7Ma,相当于新元古代中期。变质辉长岩为钙碱性系列,具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,与岛弧玄武岩类似。变质辉长岩中锆石具有较高的εHf(t)值(+5. 2～+9. 7),应当是源自俯冲环境下相对亏损的地幔楔。花岗片麻岩原岩为I型花岗质岩石,并且具有较为均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-3. 3～+0. 3),可能形成于地壳内古元古代变质火成岩的部分熔融作用。结合区域地质资料,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩应当形成于新元古代中期的洋壳俯冲消减过程。北拉萨地块上的前寒武纪岩浆和变质记录与东非造山带的活动时限较为一致,因而北拉萨地块可能与东非造山带具有亲缘性。  相似文献   

Late Triassic Biotite Monzogranite from the Western Litang Area,Yidun Terrane,SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications     

ZHU Yu  LAI Shaocong  QIN Jiangfeng  ZHANG Zezhong  ZHANG Fangyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(2):307-321

The Late Triassic igneous rocks in the Yidun terrane can provide vital insights into the evolution of Plaeo-Tethys in western China. We present new zircon U-Pb, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data for the Litang biotite monzogranites, Yidun terrane. The biotite monzogranites have a zircon U-Pb age of 206.1±1.0 Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=30), which indicates Late Triassic magmatism. The biotite monzogranites display I-type affinity, high Na_2O(3.38-3.60 wt%) contente,medii SiO_2(67.12-69.13 wt%), and low P_2 O_5 contents(0.10～0.12 wt%). They enriched in Rb,and Ba and depleted in Nb and Ta, with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.74—0.81). They have evolved Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic composition, i.e.,(~(87) Sr/~(86 )Sr)i=0.714225 to 0.714763, negative ?_(Nd(t)) values of -2.0 to-2.6 with two-stage Nd model ages ranging from 1.01 to 1.05 Ga, negative ?_(Ht)(t)) values o f-3.4 to-4.1 with two-stage Hf model ages of 1.85 to1.88 Ga, suggesting a matured crustal sources. Their low Al_2O_3/TiO_2 ratios and medium Cao/Na_2O ratios, medium Mg~# and SiO_2 contents, low [molar Al_2O_3/(MgO+FeO~T)] values, and high [molar Cao/(MgO+FeO~T)] values indicate that the Litang biotite monzogranite was formed by partial melting of metabasaltic rocks. Based on the previous studies, we propose that the Litang biotite monzogranite derived from the westward subduction and closure of the Ganzi-Litang ocean during the Late Triassic-The mantle wedge-derived mafic melts provided sufficient heat for partial melting of ancient metabasalt protolith within the middle-lower crust.  相似文献   

保山地体新元古代——早古生代沉积岩碎屑锆石年代学及其构造意义     

马泽良  蔡志慧  戚学祥  何碧竹  陈希节 《地质通报》2019,38(4):546-561

滇西潞西地区位于青藏高原东南缘,大地构造位置上属于保山地体。由于新生代强烈的陆内变形作用,保山地体与青藏高原腹地体的对应关系难以确定。野外观察及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,潞西新元古代—早古生代地层(震旦系—寒武系蒲满哨群及下奥陶统大矿山组)大部分碎屑锆石Th/U0.1,说明其大多为岩浆成因。U-Pb年龄跨度较大,太古宙—早古生代都有分布,且具有明显的562Ma、892Ma及2265Ma年龄峰,以及较弱的1680Ma和2550Ma年龄峰。保山地体潞西地区沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与特提斯喜马拉雅、南羌塘沉积地层碎屑锆石年龄分布特征相似,说明其具有相同的物源——冈瓦纳大陆北部的印度大陆。在新元古代晚期—早古生代,保山地体位于印度大陆北缘,与南羌塘、喜马拉雅地体相邻。伴随着俯冲相关的增生造山过程,保山地体形成相应的新元古代末期—早古生代沉积地层。  相似文献