日月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

韩延本  李志安 《地球物理学进展》1996,11(2):114-122

本文研究了中国西南及华北地区日月引潮力和地震发生时刻的关系，通过对引潮力三分量的分析及把地震按处断裂构造分区，发现潮力的东西方向水平分量与地震发生时刻有密切关系。利用此结论可以提高对地震发生时刻的预报准确性。  相似文献   

Mineral grain availability and pupal-case building by lotic caddisflies: Effects on case architecture, stability and building expenses     

Bernhard Statzner  Sylvain Dolédec 《Limnologica》2011,41(3):266-280

The retreat-making larvae of many lotic caddisflies build entirely new pupal cases with fine gravel and sand that they collect in the neighbourhood of the building place to fix it with silk to cobbles in swift flow (where finer sediments are generally rare). Previous field observations on Hydropsyche siltalai pupal cases illustrate that natural local resource limitations of the preferred grain fraction (2.5–3.15 mm) produced chained effects across other grain fractions, as the alternative use of more grains in the 1.6–2 mm fraction (an unlimited resource) induced an increased use of more grains in the 0.315–0.5 mm fraction (another unlimited resource). To examine the implications of these observations for H. siltalai, we used (1) mesocosms to created minor deviations in the availability of the natural grain size composition of the building material of pupal cases at otherwise carefully replicated natural stream habitat conditions and (2) recently developed technologies to assess many case characteristics so far ignored in studies of caddisfly cases. When the preferred coarser grains (2.5–3.15 mm) were unavailable, more grains with intermediate size (1.25–2.0 mm) were used (and not other, still available coarse grains) and fewer larvae built cases in groups, thereby not only loosing the benefits (lower costs for grain transport and silk) but also avoiding potential disadvantages associated with grouped cases (more aggressive encounters with conspecifics for rare building material, less flow exposure and thus reduced water renewal in the pupal chamber). Unavailability of 2.5–3.15-mm and 0.315–0.5-mm grains caused a reduction of larvae building in groups, more use of grains with intermediate size, changes of several other grain characteristics (e.g. number, circularity) and considerable investment into silk to maintain the case resistance. Finally, grain availability deviating most from that observed in nature (no grains of 2.5–3.15 mm and 1.6–2.0 mm) caused dramatic responses, as mortality increased so that fewer pupal cases were built, using typically more coarse grains so that many cases had an elevated resistance against crushing forces; in addition, many males had a retarded development, whereas female development was unaffected. Thus, the response of H. siltalai to any of the three types of grain limitations differed, illustrating an immense diversity to respond to grain-size shortage.  相似文献   

GPS无线电掩星后向传播方法          下载免费PDF全文

徐贤胜  黄思训  郭鹏  洪振杰 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2193-2200

在大气多路径传播条件下,讨论了两种无线电信号的反演方法:几何光学方法和后向传播方法.当大气存在多路径效应时,采用几何光学方法反演大气参数会引入较大误差.后向传播方法将无线电信号从多路径区域反推至单路径区域,减少了大气多路径效应的影响.为了比较不同的反演方法,利用多相位屏模型,数值模拟了大气多路径条件下无线电信号在大气中...  相似文献   

长江河口最大浑浊带的泥沙特性和输移规律^*   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

李九发  时伟荣 《地理研究》1994,13(1):51-59

本文通过对不同河段的泥沙特性和输移规律的对比分析,确认长江河口来沙丰富,在河口潮流不对称和重力环流的作用下,大量泥沙向滞流点辐聚,形成最大浑浊带。最大浑浊带含沙量高,泥沙絮凝沉速快。潮流强劲,引起床沙再悬浮,输沙能力强。长江河口最大浑浊带活动区与河口拦门沙位置基本一致。本研究成果对于加深认识河口拦门沙的成因和变化,以及航槽治理具有重大的现实间义。  相似文献   

2008年青岛市一次典型大气外来源输送污染过程分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

秦娟娟  王静  程建光 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(6):35-39

以中国青岛市2008年5月27日至6月2日一次典型大气污染过程为例,利用美国国家环保中心全球再分析数据（水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°）和美国国家海洋和大气局(NOAA)污染物轨迹模式HYSPLIT-4对此污染过程进行模拟分析。结果表明：大气环流形式对此次污染过程的发生及传输有显著影响,在500 hPa高空图上表现为一脊一槽型,使中国北方上空处于强的西北气流控制下,而地面图上生成于蒙古国的低气压气旋中心东移,产生的上升气流携带大量地表细粒子进入对流层;利用后向轨迹模式分析显示整个过程污染期受西北气流影响显著,而清洁期的气团源地主要为黄海。  相似文献   

Back‐projection stacking of P‐ and S‐waves to determine location and focal mechanism of microseismic events recorded by a surface array          下载免费PDF全文

J. Vl ek  T. Fischer  J. Vilhelm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1428-1440

We present an automatic method of processing microseismic data acquired at the surface by a star‐like array. The back‐projection approach allows successive determination of the hypocenter position of each event and of its focal mechanisms. One‐component vertical geophone groups and three‐component accelerometers are employed to monitor both P‐ and S‐waves. Hypocenter coordinates are determined in a grid by back‐projection stacking of the short‐time‐average‐to‐long‐time‐average ratio of absolute amplitudes at vertical components and polarization norm derived from horizontal components of the P‐ and S‐waves, respectively. To make the location process more efficient, calculation is started with a coarse grid and zoomed to the optimum hypocenter using an oct‐tree algorithm. The focal mechanism is then determined by stacking the vertical component seismograms corrected for the theoretical P‐wave polarity of the focal mechanism. The mechanism is resolved in the coordinate space of strike, dip, and rake angles. The method is tested on 34 selected events of a dataset of hydraulic fracture monitoring of a shale gas play in North America. It was found that, by including S‐waves, the vertical accuracy of locations improved by a factor of two and is equal to approximately the horizontal location error. A twofold enhancement of horizontal location accuracy is achieved if a denser array of geophone groups is used instead of the sparse array of three‐component seismometers. The determined focal mechanisms are similar to those obtained by other methods applied to the same dataset.  相似文献   

Comprehensive analysis and artificial intelligent simulation of land subsidence of Beijing, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHU Lin  GONG Huili  LI Xiaojuan  LI Yongyong  SU Xiaosi  GUO Gaoxuan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(2):237-248

Mechanism and modeling of the land subsidence are complex because of the complicate geological background in Beijing, China. This paper analyzed the spatial relationship between land subsidence and three factors, including the change of groundwater level, the thickness of compressible sediments and the building area by using remote sensing and GIS tools in the upper-middle part of alluvial-proluvial plain fan of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Based on the spatial analysis of the land subsidence and three factors, there exist significant non-linear relationship between the vertical displacement and three factors. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) model combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to simulate regional distribution of the land subsidence. Results showed that at field scale, the groundwater level and land subsidence showed a significant linear relationship. However, at regional scale, the spatial distribution of groundwater depletion funnel did not overlap with the land subsidence funnel. As to the factor of compressible strata, the places with the biggest compressible strata thickness did not have the largest vertical displacement. The distributions of building area and land subsidence have no obvious spatial relationships. The BPN-GA model simulation results illustrated that the accuracy of the trained model during fifty years is acceptable with an error of 51% of verification data less than 20 mm and the average of the absolute error about 32 mm. The BPN model could be utilized to simulate the general distribution of land subsidence in the study area. Overall, this work contributes to better understand the complex relationship between the land subsidence and three influencing factors. And the distribution of the land subsidence can be simulated by the trained BPN-GA model with the limited available dada and acceptable accuracy.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区四省会城市PM10污染特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

石春娥  翟武全  杨军  王水  姚克亚 《高原气象》2008,27(2):408-414

对长江三角洲地区四省会城市(上海、南京、杭州、合肥)2001-2005年逐日大气污染指数资料进行统计分析,并采用HYSPLIT轨迹模式,分析了各城市中度以上大气污染过程的输送特征。结果表明:2002年以后,四省会城市的大气质量都有好转的趋势;大气污染发生频率最高的季节是春季(南京)和冬季(其他城市);11月和3月是大气污染出现频率最高的月份。上海PM10与NO2和SO2浓度之间存在非常显著的正相关,合肥PM10与NO2和SO2浓度之间的相关性比上海略差。两城市都是PM10与NO2之间的偏相关系数远大于与SO2之间的偏相关系数。各城市的PM10浓度都与另外三个城市之间存在显著的正相关,尤其是3,4月份。后向轨迹分析表明,造成本地区中度以上大气污染的气团以西北来向为主。  相似文献   

Computation of the safety factor for slope stability using discontinuous deformation analysis and the vector sum method     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

This study introduces the vector sum method into discontinuum-based methods by considering the sliding vector and the stress state of the discrete block system. The sliding direction computation and force projection in the new approach are detailed, and the safety factor is solved by explicit equations. The vector sum method is implemented in the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) program and is used to compute the safety factors for two numerical examples. A comparison of the solutions obtained with the theoretical analysis and limit equilibrium analysis demonstrates that the new method is suitable for calculating the safety factor of a slope.  相似文献   

后弧（rear arc）岩浆作用的特征及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

袁方林  杨婧张旗  刘欣雨张成立 《地质科学》2017,(4):1388-1410

后弧岩浆作用（rear arc magmatism）是一个新的术语,国内文献大多认为与弧后（back arc）相当,也译为弧后。实际上rear arc 不同于back arc,前者仍然属于弧的范围,而后者已不属于弧结构。目前,对后弧岩浆作用的研究还十分有限, 原因一是 rear arc 出露较少,二是 rear arc 的鉴别标志不清楚。本文尝试对后弧玄武岩（rear arc basalt, RAB）作一个简单的介绍, 并采用对大量数据进行分析比较的方法与典型的岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和弧后盆地玄武岩（BAB）作一个对比。研究表明,后弧玄武岩主要由中-高 K 钙碱性和钾玄岩系列组成, 与典型的 IAB 和 BAB 相比, RAB 富集 Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅ ,贫CaO。后弧岩浆作用的微量元素具有典型的弧岩浆岩的特点,但LILE 及HFSE 比典型的岛弧岩浆的含量更富集,LREE 明显高于岛弧岩浆岩。 与岛弧岩浆相似,后弧岩浆同样具有明显的Nb-Ta 负异常。研究表明,上述3 类玄武岩很难区分开。但是,BAB 和RAB之间还是有一些不同的,如Sc/Nb-Ba/Y、Cu/P₂O₅-Y/Zr、Sc/Nb-Sr/Y 以及F₂O₃ /Zr-Y/Zr 等判别图。本文作者指出,后弧岩浆作用的提出完善了弧结构：一个完整的弧,从海沟向弧的方向,随着板块的俯冲作用,岩浆源区深度增加,地壳混染程度增加,依次出现前弧、弧和后弧岩浆作用, 至弧的后部,洋壳拉张,出现弧后盆地。前弧以玻安岩为代表,弧主要是IAB,后弧为碱性玄武岩,弧后则为MORB（+IAB 的印记）。显然,后弧岩浆作用的提出,对古造山带岛弧结构的恢复、古俯冲方向的确定是有积极意义的。  相似文献