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961.
962.
含裂隙双相各向异性介质中的地震波传播 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于各向异性介质和含裂隙双相介质中的地震波传播理论,导出了具有四阶对称轴的含裂隙双相各向异性介质的本构关系与波传播的运动方程.指出在含裂隙双相各向异性介质中可能传播6种类型的准纵横波,即快纵波QP1,慢纵波QP2,两个分裂的快横波QSV1,QSH1和两个分裂的慢横波QSV2,QSH2.并以平面波传播为例作了进一步分析 相似文献
963.
Irena Grgić Andreja Dovžan Gorazd Berčič Vida Hudnik 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(3):315-337
Laboratory experiments were conducted with real atmospheric aerosol particles as well as with synthetic solutions under dark conditions, to simulate some of the chemical features of aerosols. In solutions obtained by the leaching of aerosols (size range >D
ae: 0.4–1.6 m) that contained sufficient amounts of transition metal ions (e.g. Fe) and organic species (e.g. oxalate), S(IV) oxidation rates were significantly lower than those expected from the Fe-catalyzed S(IV) autoxidation in Milli-Q water. The results suggest that oxalate is responsible for much of the observed inhibition. Acetate and formate also inhibit the reaction, but to a much lesser extent. Oxalate has a strong inhibiting effect on the Fe-catalyzed S(IV) autoxidation at all investigated pH values (2.8, 3.7 and 4.5). It was established that Fe(III)-oxalato complexes affect the redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and that the observed decrease of the reaction rate is caused by the reduced amount of catalytically active Fe(III) due to the complexation with oxalate. For the system Fe-S(IV)-O2-oxalate at initial pH 3.7 the reaction rate was calculated using exponential simplification to account for oxalate influence on the amount of free Fe(III) by the following equation:–rS(IV) = k · [S(IV)] · [Fe(III))] · e
-b·[Ox] 相似文献
964.
965.
地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用现状概述 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:27
在概述地理信息系统(GIS)的概念、功能、应用领域的基础上,对GIS在农业资源管理与动态监测、作物估产、土地适宜性评价、病虫害预测预报与风险评价、精确农业等方面的应用现状进行了综述,并对GIS在农业中的应用前景以及新动态进行了探讨和分析,讨论了地理信息系统在农业上应用研究的重要性。 相似文献
966.
During 1990–1996 the United States experienced record-setting insured property losses due to numerous weather catastrophes,
each event causing $100 million or more in losses (1991 dollars). The total loss in this 7-year period, after adjustment to
inflation and other factors, was $39.65 billion with $15 billion coming from one event, Hurricane Andrew. In the 1990s, 72
catastrophes occurred, half of the total number in the 40 preceding years, 1950–1989. Although the total loss and the number
of catastrophes were exceptionally high in the 1990s, the average loss per event was $551 million, only slightly more than
the $467 million average for catastrophes during 1950–1989. Furthermore, storm intensities in the 1990s were slightly less
than those during the preceding 40 years, revealing the excess losses of the 1990s to be a result of an extremely large number
of damaging storms causing losses exceeding $100 million. Examination of historical values of most weather extremes including
hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes, did not show an increase during the 1990s, revealing that weather changes were not the
principal cause of more catastrophes. Examination of recent demographic shifts in the U.S. reveals two changes, each based
on major re-locations to higher-valued property concentrated in areas either with a high frequency of damaging storms (Gulf
and East Coast), or to where even a small but intense storm can cause huge losses (urban areas and West Coast). These shifts,
plus the continuing growth of population in other storm-prone areas have greatly increased society's vulnerability to storm
damage. An in-depth analysis of many conditions was required to establish that the high losses and numerous catastrophes of
the 1990s were largely the result of societal changes and not major weather changes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
967.
In this paper we use a Von Mises transformation to study brine transport in porous media. The model involves mass balance
equations for fluid and salt, Darcy's law and an equation of state, relating the salt mass fraction to the fluid density.
Application of the Von Mises transformation recasts the model equations into a single nonlinear diffusion equation. A further
reduction is possible if the problem admits similarity. This yields a formulation in terms of a boundary value problem for
an ordinary differential equation which can be treated by semi‐analytical means. Three specific similarity problems are considered
in detail: (i) one‐dimensional, stable displacement of fresh water and brine in a porous column, (ii) flow of fresh water
along the surface of a salt rock, (iii) mixing of parallel layers of brine and fresh water.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
968.
969.
Geochemistry of Jinman Copper Vein Deposit West Yunnan province,China—Ⅱ.Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Geochemical Characteristics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Jinman deposit is a Ag-bearing copper vein deposit located at the north margin of the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin in
West Yunnan. Systematic studies of fluid inclusions and stable isotopes are presented in this paper. The filling-replacement
stage and the boiling-exhalative precipitation stage of mineralization took place atT
1 = 140–280°3 andT
2 = 94–204°C under pressure of (600 – 1200) x 105 Pa. The salinity of ore-forming solutions ranges from 5 wt% –20.8 wt% (NaCl). Sulphide δ34S(CDT) values are in the range of -9.6%.– +11.03%. with a range of 22. 66%. showing an apparent “pagoda”-shaped distribution
in histogram. Meanwhile, the δ34S values of the various sulphides are consistent with the characters of isotope equilibrium fractionation, i.e., δ34 SPy>δ34SCp>δ34SBn. The TS/TOC ratios of the ores are widely variable between 0.16 and 5.54 with no correlation of any kind can be established.
According to the model of Ohmoto, the oxidation-reduction ratios of sulfur species in ore-forming solutions at the two mineralization
stages were calculated to be R′1 = 2.16 x 10-17 and R′2 = 1.55 x 104. δ13Coo2(PDB) values obtained from fluid inclusions in calcite and quartz are between -8.12%.-3.18%., averaging -5.26%., which are
comparable with the isotopic composition of mantle-derived CO2. Inclusions in quartz yield δ13CCH4 (PEB) between -32. 11%. and -22.04%. (averaging -26.69%.), similar to that of methane in modern geothermal gases. For the
ore-forming solutions, δ18 OH2O (SMOW) values are between -10.57%. and +9.77%. and δDH2O (SMOW) are between -51%. and -135%. Considering the effect of isotope exchange during water-rock reactions, most of the
data are plotted along or close to the line defined by the reaction of meteoric water with clastic rocks, while a small part
of the points fall near the reaction line of magmatic water with clastic rocks. In δ13C vs. δ18O diagram, the ore-forming solutions are plotted for the most part into the mixing area between the meteoric fluid and the
deep-seated fluid and partially on the mixing line of P = 1.
This project was founded by the “Eighth Five-Year Plan Period” State Key Program (85–901) and the Open Lab. of Ore Deposit
Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
970.
辽东半岛南部金伯利岩产于辽东台隆复县—新金坳陷内的基底隆起区。金伯利岩浆的形成是多种地质作用的综合结果。控制岩浆形成的主体作用是具亏损和富集双重特征地幔的部分熔融,贫金刚石金伯利岩体曾经历了强烈的分离结晶作用和地幔易熔组分的萃取作用。深部富含不相容元素的C—H—O流体加入上覆亏损地幔中,引起地幔底辟体上升,在大约215km深度处地温线与橄榄岩C—H—O固相线交切,引起橄榄岩1%—3%的熔融,形成粘度为0.0211Pa·s,密度为2.76g·cm~(-3)、氧逸度为2.92×1.01325×10~(-6)Pa的金伯利岩浆,这种岩浆沿着宽2.7m的裂隙,以约18m/s的速度上升、就位成岩。 相似文献