Glacier change in Garibaldi Provincial Park, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, since the Little Ice Age   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johannes Koch  Brian Menounos  John J. Clague 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,66(3-4):161-178

Fluctuations of glaciers during the 20th century in Garibaldi Provincial Park, in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, were reconstructed from historical documents, aerial photographs, and fieldwork. Over 505 km², or 26%, of the park, was covered by glacier ice at the beginning of the 18th century. Ice cover decreased to 297 km² by 1987–1988 and to 245 km² (49% of the early 18th century value) by 2005. Glacier recession was greatest between the 1920s and 1950s, with typical frontal retreat rates of 30 m/a. Many glaciers advanced between the 1960s and 1970s, but all glaciers retreated over the last 20 years. Times of glacier recession coincide with warm and relatively dry periods, whereas advances occurred during relatively cold periods. Rapid recession between 1925 and 1946, and since 1977, coincided with the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), whereas glaciers advanced during its negative phase (1890–1924 and 1947–1976). The record of 20th century glacier fluctuations in Garibaldi Park is similar to that in southern Europe, South America, and New Zealand, suggesting a common, global climatic cause. We conclude that global temperature change in the 20th century explains much of the behaviour of glaciers in Garibaldi Park and elsewhere.  相似文献   

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈波  冯永明  刘洪青 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):435-438

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。  相似文献   

Geoheritage in New South Wales — a reassessment of sites from the register of the national estate     

T. A. Semeniuk 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(6):793-802

The geology of New South Wales is diverse, spanning Paleoproterozoic to modern materials and their various associated landforms and soils. In recognition of the intrinsic geological value of the State, around 150 geological sites were nominated to the now defunct Register of the National Estate, with the objective of geoconservation. However, these sites did not encompass the full range of geology of New South Wales; neither did they offer registered sites any protection. Analysis shows that the types of sites nominated were biased towards sedimentary and igneous rocks, and fossils, with under representation of metamorphic rocks, site-restricted soils, geomorphology and hydrogeology. To test the utility of the Brocx and Semeniuk ‘Geoheritage Toolkit’, a subset of the Register listings was re-examined, focusing on the Sydney Basin. Within the Sydney Basin, 59 nominated sites were reassessed using various geoheritage categories and the hierarchical framework of scale of the Toolkit. Four sites within the Sydney Basin were found to have features of international to national significance, and to have national historical value. These sites will need to be renominated for State and National listing. Clearly, to ensure that University teaching sites, as well as stratigraphic and lithologic type sections and reference sites, reflecting the geodiversity of New South Wales are conserved for future generations, a greater number of sites need to be put forward for heritage listing.  相似文献   

A review of the impacts of pumped hydro energy storage construction on subalpine and alpine biodiversity: lessons for the Snowy Mountains pumped hydro expansion project     

Anna Normyle  Jamie Pittock 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(1):53-68

ABSTRACT

The Australian government’s proposal to expand the Snowy Hydro Scheme to include a second pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) system, and support for feasibility studies for PHES in Tasmania, offer an opportunity to incorporate more intermittent renewable energy generation into the National Energy Market. However, the infrastructure construction required for PHES expansion may have negative effects for biodiversity in subalpine and alpine areas. To identify the potential effects of PHES on biodiversity in Kosciuszko National Park (KNP), this systematic literature review assesses: (i) the key environmental disturbances likely to arise from PHES construction; and (ii) the specific impacts of these construction processes on biodiversity in subalpine and alpine environments. We find that the effects of PHES construction-related disturbances are likely to be negative for subalpine and alpine biodiversity, with impacts including the proliferation of exotic flora, habitat loss resulting from vegetation clearing, altered landscape hydrology and reduced water quality. Management recommendations to limit these impacts are provided and further research is recommended to assess: (i) the effects of PHES on fish populations in alpine reservoirs; (ii) the utility of spoil as artificial habitat for endemic fauna; and (iii) the chemical and physical impacts of spoil dumping in alpine reservoirs.  相似文献   

走向伟大复兴的中国地缘战略：国家周边论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡志丁  葛岳静  杜德斌  刘玉立 《世界地理研究》2021,30(3):443-453

伴随批判地缘政治学的兴起,围绕古典地缘战略理论的争论一度成为学术研究的焦点,而“一带一路”倡议的提出更是激起有关“一带一路”是否是中国当前全球地缘战略的讨论。2019年新冠疫情叠加中美大脱钩使得中国适时调整和制定符合当前整体地缘环境态势的地缘战略迫在眉睫,这关系到“两个一百年”目标和民族复兴能否实现。本文借鉴哲学中的主体间性概念重新解读了古典的地缘战略理论。在归纳总结古典地缘战略理论所具有的固有特征后,反驳了“一带一路”倡议为中国地缘战略的观点。借用古典地缘战略隐含的构建方式,在分析全球地缘环境、中美地缘关系和中国地缘环境后,提出了到21世纪中叶前中国的地缘战略——国家周边论。但是,我们应该承认,无论对中国还是对美国而言,继续围绕中国周边地区的对抗甚至全球尺度的冲突对于双方甚至全球都是不利的。中美必须走出过去历史长河中形成的强国必霸的主体间性的共识,在对话、交流的基础上,实现中美互动实践的良性循环,以此结束当今世界的种种冲突,走向和平发展,构建人类命运共同体。  相似文献   

中国留学人员创业园分布及产业特征     

姜海宁  张文忠  许树辉  陈秋羽 《地理科学》2018,38(12):1943-1951

以《中国留学人员创业年鉴》为基础数据,采用GIS空间分析技术,运用核密度估计法、L函数和最近邻层次聚类分析等方法,分析2006~2015年中国留学人员创业园空间分布规律以及园区产业集聚特征,结果表明：中国留学人员创业园集聚特征显著,而且随着时间的推移,其多中心趋势明显,集聚规模迅速增大,集聚强度呈“先升后降,但总体增大”趋势;主要集聚于长三角、京津冀和珠三角等地区,尤以前两者最显著,且三大集聚区的集聚强度与集聚规模差异明显,其中长三角留创园的集聚规模最大,京津冀集聚强度最高,而珠三角则比较复杂,其在很小空间尺度范围内服从集聚分布,而在较大空间尺度范围内则服从随机分布;基于不同主导产业的中国留学人员创业园依然集中于长三角、京津冀和珠三角等地区,其主导产业分布格局则差异显著,规律性不强。  相似文献   

The super-gentrification of Park Slope,Brooklyn     

Judith R. Halasz 《Urban geography》2018,39(9):1366-1390

Studies of classical gentrification typically focus on the embourgeoisement of neighborhoods and displacement of marginalized people. Recently, a new form of gentrification – super-gentrification – has emerged with the expansion of global finance capital, according to urban geographer Loretta Lees. Super-gentrification entails the further upscaling of already gentrified neighborhoods with the in-migration of upper-income residents and displacement of middle class residents, many of whom were among the initial gentrifiers. Despite the attention policy makers, urban planners, and the media are paying to the “middle class squeeze,” few quantitative studies of super-gentrification exist. Using data from the United States Decennial Census, American Community Survey, public residential sales transaction records, and real estate listings, this article sheds light on the landscape of super-gentrification and how to identify it with a quantitative analysis of changes in income, demographics, and housing affordability in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York since 1970.  相似文献   

The progress of human geography in China under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Gengzhi HUANG  Shuying LENG 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(12):1735-1756

This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas: land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, economic globalization, climate change and social and cultural geographies. All NSFC-funded human geography programs related to these five topics from 1986 to 2017 comprise the sample for analysis, and the research topics, content, teams, and peer-reviewed journal publications supported by these programs are investigated. Specifically, this paper analyzes the NSFC’s promotion of the expansion of research topics in response to national developmental needs and the shifting frontiers of human geography research internationally, its enhancement of interdisciplinary research, and its contributions to the assembly of specialized research teams. The paper also reports important progress in Chinese human geography over the past 30 years through the institutional lens of the NSFC, revealing major characteristics and trends in the discipline. The paper concludes by calling for further collaboration between the research community and the NSFC for the development of a locally suitable and globally influential Chinese human geography.  相似文献   

Could baseline establishment be counterproductive for emissions reduction? Insights from Vietnam’s building sector     

Maryna Karavai  Søren E. Lütken  Daniel Puig 《Climate Policy》2018,18(4):459-470

This article provides insights into the role of institutions involved in climate governance working towards a future low-carbon society at the national level, within the global climate change governance architecture. Specifically, it contributes to understanding the fragmented governance of energy efficiency policy in developing countries by focussing on Vietnam’s building sector, identifying key institutions related to underlying discourses, national and international power relations, resource distribution and coalitions. It uses the case of baseline setting in developing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to illustrate institutional dynamics, nationally and transnationally, as well as to question whether demands for baseline setting achieve the ideal trade-off between actual GHG emissions reduction and institutionalized demands for accountability. The analysis reveals that, in addition to domestic efforts and challenges, the international agenda greatly influences the energy efficiency policy arena. The article presents lessons to be learnt about policy processes from the specific Vietnamese case, reflecting on the role of international actors and discourses in it. Finally, it argues for the abolition of baselines in favour of adequate monitoring and evaluation, from the perspective that requirement for deviation from fictitious baselines is unproductive and only serves an international techno-managerial discourse.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Baseline establishment is commonly considered an initial step in developing NAMAs, in order to facilitate the demonstration of a deviation from such baselines. The requirement to produce baselines is traditionally not questioned by policy practitioners. Thus, significant development resources are allocated to the establishment of baselines and the bridging of data gaps, often without consideration as to whether baselines are a necessary instrument for NAMA implementation. We suggest omitting the lengthy and resource-consuming practice of establishing baselines and recommend proceeding forthwith to the planning and implementation of mitigation and energy efficiency policies. As conditions vary significantly in different contexts, it would be more appropriate to measure the initial situation, establishing the ‘base point’, and monitor development from that point. The present article might serve as motivation for policymakers to question traditional approaches to policy development and consider alternatives to maximize the cost efficacy of NAMA programmes and facilitate their implementation.  相似文献   

IPCC国家温室气体清单指南精细化的主要内容和启示     

朱松丽  蔡博峰  朱建华  高庆先  张称意  于胜民  方双喜  潘学标 《气候变化研究进展》2018,14(1):86-94

作为IPCC新一轮气候变化综合评估的组成部分,IPCC国家温室气体清单指南进入了正式的精细化阶段,将在2019年形成最终成果,与现有的《IPCC2006指南》合并使用,为“适用于所有缔约方的”《巴黎协定》的实施奠定基础。精细化工作分为提供新方法、更新已有内容、补充/澄清已有内容等三大类,共有107个“精细化点”,涵盖通用方法论、能源活动、工业过程、农业林业和其他土地利用、废弃物等各个领域和部门。中国共有12名专家参与此次工作。建议中国科研工作者尽快以英文著述的形式发表相关成果,提高中国文献的引用率;鉴于中国已具备根据最新指南要求编制清单的能力,建议未来国家温室气体清单的编制尽可能全面转向《IPCC2006指南》及其增补和精细化内容。  相似文献