国家级风景名胜区旅游效率空间格局动态演化及其驱动机制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曹芳东  黄震方  余凤龙  吴丽敏 《地理研究》2014,33(6):1151-1166

借助数据包络分析方法（DEA）综合测算了国家级风景名胜区旅游效率,结合标准差椭圆和重心坐标探讨了风景名胜区旅游效率重心演化的轨迹与路径,考察了影响演化轨迹的重要因素及其作用机理。结果表明：① 国家级风景名胜区旅游效率总体不高,变化幅度较小,综合效率、纯技术效率及规模效率均呈现明显的波动性特征,说明改革开放初期的风景区旅游发展主要得益于规模投资,有效的货币资本投入是提升旅游发展的主要措施,平均效率值总体表现为下降态势,风景区多数处于无效率状态,DEA最优状态缺乏,导致了风景区生产单元存在一定的资源冗余和开发低效状态。② 从重心的整体分布上看,主要位于107°11'~118°37'E 和29°02'~38°55'N 之间,东西跨度约11°,南北跨度约9°;从旅游效率重心演变的轨迹上来看,综合效率的变化轨迹最大,但总体上都是经历了先西偏南再东偏北再西偏南的历程,其中规模效率和全要素生产率的重心东偏北的趋势相对较小,而综合效率和纯技术效率在重心东偏北的趋势上变化较大。③ 针对风景区旅游效率空间格局动态演化的驱动机制的剖析表明,经济发展水平、资源禀赋、产业结构、交通发展、信息技术及制度供给是影响效率重心偏移的重要因素,促使了效率动态格局的空间演化,优化产业结构,引进先进技术,完善市场引导机制,政府科学调控及资源禀赋改善是促进风景区旅游效率提升的有效路径。  相似文献   

公众对地震重点监视防御区的认知与防震减灾宣传工作的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱宝霞  申文庄  马明 《中国地震》2014,30(3):373-381

公众是实现地震重点监视防御区(以下简称地震重防区)防震减灾工作目标、提升社会防震减灾能力的主力军,而公众对地震重防区的认知与防震减灾宣传密不可分.本文通过问卷调查,发现许多公众对地震重防区和相关知识的认知程度低、公众的防震减灾素质有待提高、防震减灾宣传针对地震重防区的内容不够全面、宣传方式和手段不够多样化等问题.据此,提出建议:强化地震重防区宣传,丰富防震减灾宣传内容;防震减灾宣传方式和途径多样化;完善防震减灾宣传教育制度等.  相似文献   

Glacial change in the vicinity of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）, central high Himalayas since 1976   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

聂勇  张镱锂  刘林山  张继平 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):667-686

Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that (1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km² (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2) from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km² and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km²; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study period are the key factors driving retreat.  相似文献   

Utilization pattern of Olympic parks and its application in Beijing     

Yan He  Tian Chen  Meng Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(5):414-422

With great promotion of mega-events in both quantities and qualities in China, the research of Mega-events has been increased. As a global hallmark event, the Olympics, with their enormous scale, universal at- traction for the media and tremendous political significance, have increasingly drawn attention from the researchers. It is obvious that Beijing has been greatly impacted by the 2008 Olympic Games as the host. The event aroused close attention of researchers, especially the problem how the Olympic stadiums and facilities can be utilized after Olympic Games. The paper employed 3 methods to conduct a survey, that is, sending questionnaires to tourists, in- terviewing with government officers, and collecting information about former Olympic Parks from Internet and literatures. The utilization of former Olympic Parks after Games was summarized and some experiences were refined. Besides, 3 main bodies including government, business operators and visitors which formed basic driving forces to influence the park′s use were analyzed. At the same time, the paper believes that 3 topics affect the park′s utilization involving ′prepare to use′, ′how to use it′ and ′how to manage it′, and Beijing Olympic Park can also follow that thinking and reference in the further practices. Based on it, suggestions are given that Beijing Olympic Park can be planned spatially from 3 layers, the point, line and area, based on their function and infrastructure in the Games, and the area would be shaped as a new urban center with multi-functions while Mega-events and sport events are still the main content of the park.  相似文献   

Assessment and Management Strategies for Ungulate Population in Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve: Predicting the Prey-base from Empirical Field Data     

PAN Guoliang  LAGUARDIA Alice  HUETTMANN Falk  SHI Kun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2016,7(5):397-406

In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution in the reserve. Twelve permanent transects were set in three distinct functional zones from February to April 2012 and May to July 2013. A total of 112 ungulate signs were recorded on these transects. In addition, 20 camera traps were used to survey ungulates and predators in 2012, while the following year we extended the survey site by using 30 cameras. Overall, 6641 capture events on 2930 camera days were obtained, presenting a variety of ungulate species: muntjak (Muntiacus muntjak), tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Population structure and composition of ungulates was compared in different functional zones using a single factor of variance analysis in SPSS software. Significant differences in the distribution of ungulates were recognized between the core zone and experimental zone, but not in other zones due to differences in habitat types and management practices of the nature reserve. Using ArcGIS analysis and Salford Predictive Modeler software, we ran several predictive models to understand which areas are most suitable for ungulates. We conclude that muntjac and wild boar are mainly distributed in the experimental zone, serow are more common in the core zone, while tufted deer are located evenly in the three functional zones. Finally, suggestions for effective and feasible management strategies and techniques for Matoushan National Nature Reserve were recommended based on the results and analysis in this study.  相似文献   

REINTERPRETING THE WASHITA BATTLEFIELD NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE*     

DOUGLAS A. HURT 《Geographical review》2010,100(3):375-393

Geographers have long attempted to interpret sacred and symbolic landscapes as representative of the ideals of individuals, communities, and cultures. This article assesses the changing historical and contemporary interpretations of the Washita Battlefield National Historic Site and gauges the impact of these conflicting viewpoints. The Washita Valley in western Oklahoma was the location of a November 1868 engagement between U.S. military forces commanded by George Custer and the Cheyenne camp of Black Kettle. Since that date, non‐native narratives have dominated Washita interpretation. Today, plans are being developed to emphasize Cheyenne viewpoints of the Washita and to alter the commemorative landscape of the site in order to better present a balanced historical narrative to visitors. Since 1868 three themes have dominated interpretation of the Washita: conflict, indifference, and memorialization.  相似文献   

近30年珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区冰川变化的遥感监测   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

聂勇  张镱锂  刘林山  张继平 《地理学报》2010,65(1):13-28

利用1976、1988和2006年的3期陆地卫星遥感数据,采用面向对象的解译方法并结合专家知识分类规则自动提取珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区(以下简称珠峰保护区)3个时期的冰川信息,并利用遥感、地理信息系统和图谱的方法对冰川时空分布特征和变化及其原因与不确定性进行了分析。结果如下:(1)2006年珠峰保护区内冰川面积为2710.17±0.011km²,为研究区总面积的7.41%,主要分布在研究区南部海拔4700～6800m的高山区;(2)1976-2006年,珠峰保护区冰川持续退缩明显,总面积减少501.91±0.035km²,冰湖扩张迅速(净增加36.88±0.035km²);研究区南坡子流域冰川退缩率(16.79%)高于北坡子流域(14.40%);珠峰保护区冰川以退缩为主,退缩冰川主要分布于海拔4700～6400m,退缩区上限海拔为6600～6700m;(3)1976年以来,气温显著上升和降水减少是冰川退缩的关键因素。  相似文献   

北京市制造业分布的圈层结构演变——基于第一、二次基本单位普查资料的分析   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

刘涛  曹广忠 《地理研究》2010,29(4):716-726

基于第一、二次基本单位普查的企业数据,以邮区为基本空间单元,以制造业密度突变和总量增减为标准,将北京市划分为三个圈层:制造业衰退的中心城区已蔓延至四环;投资和外迁企业的集中区也已不限于城八区,而是迅速扩展至平原地区大部;远郊区县和山区的制造业发展缓慢。各产业类型、所有制类型和规模等级的制造业圈层结构及其演变均有较大差异。因素分解表明,北京市制造业圈层结构演变的主要推动力是电气电子和金属与矿物类产业、私有企业和大中型企业;企业规模结构的小型化和产业结构调整也有一定的促进作用。研究认为应充分重视产业结构调整与空间布局调整的结合,遏止和扭转各圈层内产业结构均衡化和圈层间产业结构同质化的趋势。近郊平原制造业的核心地位仍将长期保持,用地集约化至关重要;中心城区可以适度发展都市型制造业,促进就业多样化;远郊化的谨慎推进则应以生态保育为前提。  相似文献   

论国家安全的概念及其特点   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘卫东  刘毅  马丽  刘玉 《世界地理研究》2002,11(2):1-7

国家安全是世界各国国家战略的核心内容之一;本文着重讨论国家安全概念、特点以及全球化下国家安全的新趋势。本文认为,国家安全是一个内涵简单、但外延广泛且不断演化的概念。从根本上讲,国家安全是维持主权国家存在和保障其根本利益的各种要素的总和。既包括传统的政治安全和军事安全,也包括非传统的、非军事领域的经济安全、社会安全、科技安全和资源环境安全等。国家安全具有假设性、复杂性、演变性、层次性和非显性等特点。不断加强的全球化趋势为主权国家的国家安全带来新的内容和挑战;经济竞争力的较量、文化价值观念的冲突、信息“侵略”和“反侵略”等在国家安全事务中的地位将越来越重要。  相似文献   

Impact of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program on Operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center     

Charles?S.?McCreeryEmail author 《Natural Hazards》2005,35(1):73-88

The first 7 years of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) have had a significant positive impact on operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). As a result of its seismic project, the amount and quality of real-time seismic data flowing into PTWC has increased dramatically, enabling more rapid, accurate, and detailed analyses of seismic events with tsunamigenic potential. Its tsunameter project is now providing real-time tsunameter data from seven strategic locations in the deep ocean to more accurately measure tsunami waves as they propagate from likely source regions toward shorelines at risk. These data have already been used operationally to help evaluate potential tsunami threats. A new type of tsunami run-up gauge has been deployed in Hawaii to more rapidly assess local tsunamis. Lastly, numerical modeling of tsunamis done with support from the NTHMP is beginning to provide tools for real-time tsunami forecasting that should reduce the incidence of unnecessary warnings and provide more accurate forecasts for destructive tsunamis.  相似文献