Long-Term Temperature Trends and Tree Growth in the Taymir Region of Northern Siberia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon C. Jacoby  Nikolai V. Lovelius  Oleg I. Shumilov  Oleg M. Raspopov  Juri M. Karbainov  David C. Frank 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):312

The northernmost conifers in the world are located well above the Arctic Circle in the Taymir region of northern Siberia and have been recording the thermal environment for centuries to millennia. The trees respond to temperatures beyond the narrow season of actual cambial cell division by means of root growth, photosynthesis, lignification of cell walls, and other biochemical processes. Data from annual tree-ring widths are used to reconstruct May–September mean temperatures for the past four centuries. These warm-season temperatures correlate with annual temperatures and indicate unusual warming in the 20th century. However, there is a loss of thermal response in ring widths since about 1970. Previously the warmer temperatures induced wider rings. Most major warming and cooling trends are in agreement with other high-latitude temperature reconstructions based on tree-ring analyses with some regional differences in timing of cooling in the late 18th century and of warming in the late 19th century.  相似文献   

Materials for refining the stratigraphic chart of the Berriasian–Lower Aptian in West Siberia with regard to the clinoform subsurface structure     

V.N. Borodkin  A.R. Kurchikov   《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(12):1267-1274

In light of the new clinoform model of the Neocomian, introduced at the last stratigraphic meeting, it is suggested to distinguish clinoform units instead of formations in the clinoform zone. Formations (12 in number) remain only west of the central part of the Neocomian basin (east-dipping clinoforms). In the eastern and southeastern parts of the basin, all the formations beyond the clinoform zone, which consist mostly of continental sediments, should be united into the Ust’-Taz Group.  相似文献   

Problems of phytostratigraphy and the correlation of the Lower Jurassic continental sediments in West Siberia and Kuznetsk and Kansk-Achinsk basins     

N. K. Mogutcheva 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(3):283-290

Paleofloral and palynological records of Lower Jurassic sediments in West Siberia, Kuznetsk (Kuzbass), and Kansk-Achinsk basins and their correlation are discussed. In a number of recent papers dedicated to the Jurassic stratigraphy of Siberia this problem is ambiguously treated. The reference palynological scale has been developed for the Jurassic West Siberian sediments and an uninterrupted succession of floral assemblages associated with it and with regional stratigraphic units has been recognized. On this basis the scheme of the correlation between the Lower Jurassic sediments of the Kansk-Achinsk and Kuznetsk basins and West Siberia permitting a better age estimate of coal-bearing deposits, is proposed.  相似文献   

New insights into the nature of the Late Riphean Eosolenides     

Tamara N. German  Victor N. Podkovyrov   《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):154

Studies of a morphologically diverse population of Eosolenides, organic-walled macrofossils from the Upper Mesoproterozoic (1015–1025 Ma) Lakhanda Group of southeastern Siberia, suggest that these elongate fossils may be remains of soft-bodied organisms having tube-grade organization. The compressed, originally cylindrical fossils, of more or less constant diameter along their length, are subdivided by transverse membranes into a regular series of distinct chamber-like segments. The lateral walls of the segmented tubes are double-layered, the outer sheath- or cuticle-like layer of which was originally flexible and commonly exhibits very fine and closely spaced transverse striations. The presence of structures inferred to be basal attachment disks suggests a benthic habit, whereas the morphological variability of the population can be interpreted as showing that their body shape changed as the organisms grew and increased markedly in length. Reproduction may have been by budding. An important peculiarity exhibited by these tubular fossils is the presence within many specimens of small spherical unicells, interpreted possibly to be algal endosymbionts. Although in some respects these fossils resemble cnidarians, the biological affinities of Eosolenides tubes remain enigmatic.  相似文献   

中国北方强沙尘暴活动与亚洲地区对流层风场的联系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨续超  刘晓东 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(1):94-100

利用1979~2002年中国北方春季典型强沙尘暴日数序列和亚洲地区等压面及地面以上10 m高度风场资料,分析了北方春季强沙尘暴活动与同期各层风场的关系。研究结果表明,近24年我国北方春季强沙尘暴日数与西西伯利亚地区(51~61°N,67~97°E)各层春季风速之间存在很高的正相关,其中与600 hPa风速相关最高,但与强沙尘暴多发区(37~45°N,81~118°E)局地风速相关却很低。将600 hPa距平风场与强沙尘暴序列做线性回归分析发现,当我国北方春季沙尘暴活动较频繁时,蒙古国东北部产生气旋式距平环流,从而在其后部会产生大风,横扫我国北方大部分地区。通过近24年西西伯利亚地区日距平风速与我国北方春季强沙尘暴事件的逐日对比发现,78%的强沙尘暴发生3天前西西伯利亚地区有异常大风出现。因此,该地区风速可以作为我国北方地区强沙尘暴天气短期预报的一个预警指标。  相似文献   

Continental climate in the East Siberian Arctic during the last interglacial: Implications from palaeobotanical records   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Frank Kienast  Pavel Tarasov  Lutz Schirrmeister  Guido Grosse  Andrei A. Andreev   《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):535-562

To evaluate the consequences of possible future climate changes and to identify the main climate drivers in high latitudes, the vegetation and climate in the East Siberian Arctic during the last interglacial are reconstructed and compared with Holocene conditions. Plant macrofossils from permafrost deposits on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Archipelago, in the Russian Arctic revealed the existence of a shrubland dominated by Duschekia fruticosa, Betula nana and Ledum palustre and interspersed with lakes and grasslands during the last interglacial. The reconstructed vegetation differs fundamentally from the high arctic tundra that exists in this region today, but resembles an open variant of subarctic shrub tundra as occurring near the tree line about 350 km southwest of the study site. Such difference in the plant cover implies that, during the last interglacial, the mean summer temperature was considerably higher, the growing season was longer, and soils outside the range of thermokarst depressions were drier than today. Our pollen-based climatic reconstruction suggests a mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWA) range of 9–14.5 °C during the warmest interval of the last interglacial. The reconstruction from plant macrofossils, representing more local environments, reached MTWA values above 12.5 °C in contrast to today's 2.8 °C. We explain this contrast in summer temperature and soil moisture with a combination of summer insolation higher than present and climatic continentality in arctic Yakutia stronger than present as result of a considerably less inundated Laptev Shelf during the last interglacial.  相似文献   

Summer evapotranspiration in western Siberia: a comparison between eddy covariance and Penman method formulations          下载免费PDF全文

Elisa Fleischer  Jana Bölter  Otto Klemm 《水文研究》2015,29(20):4498-4513

Evapotranspiration is difficult to quantify because of the many factors and complex processes that influence it. Several empirical methods have been developed over the years to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on easily available parameters. Directly measured data of actual evapotranspiration have been rather sparse in the past and still need to be improved in particular regions like western Siberia. The transition zone between the warm temperate and cold temperate continental climates is very sensitive to climate change, and water stress is an increasingly important issue in these regions with a highly dynamic agricultural activity. So there is a growing need to estimate actual evapotranspiration. Widely usable approximations are needed. In this study, the values of potential evapotranspiration computed with the original version, and eight modifications of the Penman formulation were compared and related to the actual evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance over a grassland area in western Siberia. The original 1948 and 1963 Penman formulations are best for estimating potential evapotranspiration in the transition zone between the forest steppes and the pre‐taiga. A nearly linear relationship between the potential and actual evapotranspiration was found. A simple modification of the Penman equation (i.e. the multiplication of the result by a factor of 0.47) is suggested for approximating the actual evapotranspiration based on standard meteorological data for the region. The original Penman formulation is most robust and will provide the widest applicability in the future under changing climate and environmental conditions. In this context, it is further recommended not to neglect the ventilation term of the Penman equation, which is often assumed to be negligibly small. A detailed correlation analysis showed that under dry soil conditions, the vegetation largely contributed to the actual evapotranspiration and, in contrast to widely held expectations, that the Penman equation is best adapted to vegetated surfaces. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Riphean basins of the central and western Siberian Platform   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sergey V. FrolovGrigorii G. Akhmanov  Elena V. KozlovaOleg V. Krylov  Ksenia A. SitarYuriy I. Galushkin 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(4):906-920

The Siberian Platform is unique by its volume of Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary deposits. For about one billion years (∼1650-650 Ma) several sedimentary basins were developed here, resulting in the formation of several kilometers thickness of sedimentary cover. The Riphean (Mesoproterozoic-Lower Neoproterozoic) rocks are exposed mainly along platform peripheries. The most complete sections are represented by several megacycles. Each megacycle contains terrigenous series at the base and carbonate formations in the upper part. Several isolated and anisochronous basins were created during the Riphean on the territory of East Siberia. Some of them were intracratonic, others were developed on passive margins. Neoproterozoic orogeny along the platform boundaries resulted in re-organization of the Siberian basins, with extensive faulting, uplifting and erosion of the territories.In eastern Siberia, Riphean series contain large hydrocarbon accumulations. The reservoirs were formed mainly due to fracturing and leaching of carbonate strata (e.g. vugular carbonates of the pre-Vendian weathering crust). The Upper Proterozoic deposits are overlain by thick clayey-carbonate and saliferous-carbonate series of the Upper Vendian and Cambrian, isolating them from the upper sedimentary cover. The Riphean basins contained thick, organic rich, clayey and clayey carbonate. In some of them a hydrocarbon generation maximum took place at the end of the Riphean. The pre-Vendian erosion has removed a significant volume of Riphean sediments. During this time a majority of already formed hydrocarbon accumulations have been lost or degraded. Remaining Riphean series have generated hydrocarbons during the Paleozoic.Despite its complex history, the Riphean is still considered highly prospective, with source rocks developing at multiple levels and reservoirs occurring in both carbonate and clastic rocks. Discoveries of new oil-and-gas fields in East Siberia are likely, but will depend on integration of detailed seismic data and a large volume of core data for the correct prognosis of Riphean reservoir distribution.  相似文献   

Geochemical and isotopic (Sr, U) variations of lake waters in the Ol’khon Region, Siberia, Russia: Origin and paleoenvironmental implications     

François Chabaux  Mathieu Granet  Philippe Larqué  Jean Riotte  Eugeni V. Skliarov  Olga Skliarova  Ludmilla Alexeieva  François Risacher 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(7):462-470

The geochemical study of springs and lake waters from the Ol’khon Region, Siberia, confirms the strong chemical variability of these water samples, more particularly regarding their salinity. Such variability does not result from a simple mixing process between surface freshwaters and deeper saline waters. The variability, observed at the scale of a few square kilometers, would preferentially result from a secondary concentration processes (evaporation and/or cryogenesis) of lake waters of variable intensity from one lake to another. The U-disequilibria data suggest that the duration of the secondary process is certainly an important parameter to be considered to account for the variable salinity of these lakes. The data indicate that the lakes, however modest in size, could be as old as several ky, confirming therefore that the lake sedimentary deposits could represent relevant paleoenvironmental recorders for the last thousands years.  相似文献   

Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice‐marginal zone,Siberia—a landsystem approach     

Helena Alexanderson  Lena Adrielsson  Christian Hjort  Per Mller  Oleg Antonov  Saskia Eriksson  Maksim Pavlov 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(4):361-382

The sediment–landform associations of the northern Taymyr Peninsula in Arctic Siberia tell a tale of ice sheets advancing from the Kara Sea shelf and inundating the peninsula, probably three times during the Weichselian. In each case the ice sheet had a margin frozen to its bed and an interior moving over a deforming bed. The North Taymyr ice‐marginal zone (NTZ) comprises ice‐marginal and supraglacial landsystems dominated by thrust‐block moraines 2–3 km wide and large‐scale deformation of sediments and ice. Large areas are still underlain by remnant glacier ice and a supraglacial landscape with numerous ice‐walled lakes and kames is forming even today. The proglacial landsystem is characterised by subaqueous (e.g. deltas) or terrestrial (e.g. sandar) environments, depending on location/altitude and time of formation. Dating results (OSL, ¹⁴C) indicate that the NTZ was initiated ca. 80 kyr BP during the retreat of the Early Weichselian ice sheet and that it records the maximum limit of a Middle Weichselian glaciation (ca. 65 kyr BP). During both these events, proglacial lakes were dammed by the ice sheets. Part of the NTZ was occupied by a thin Late Weichselian ice sheet (20–12 kyr BP), resulting in subaerial proglacial drainage. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献