高温胁迫对三角褐指藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

梁英  冯力霞  尹翠玲  曹春晖 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(3):427-433

研究高温胁迫(35~50℃)对三角褐指藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响。利用调制式叶绿素荧光仪(Wa-ter-PAM)测定了:PSⅡ的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm);PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo);PSⅡ的实际光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ=yield);光合电子传递效率(ETR);光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)等主要参数。结果表明,与对照组相比,高温胁迫下2种硅藻的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR和qP均明显降低,并且随着胁迫温度的升高,胁迫时间的延长,下降幅度也逐步增大;NPQ则先升高后下降。另外,还对高温胁迫下2种硅藻的响应机制以及叶绿素荧光技术在筛选耐高温微藻品系中的应用进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

The role of organic matter in the sorption capacity of marine sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhanfei Liu  Cindy Lee 《Marine Chemistry》2007,105(3-4):240-257

Past studies have suggested that desiccation enhances hydrophobicity of salt marsh sediment, and that drying and rewetting sediment can be used to investigate sorption mechanisms of amino acids and other organic compounds [Liu, Z., Lee, C., 2006. Drying effects on sorption capacity of coastal sediment: The importance of architecture and polarity of organic matter. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 3313–3324]. Here we further develop this technique to study sorption of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic compounds in a wide range of marine sediments. Our results show that hydrophilic compounds sorb strongly to wet coastal sediments; in dried sediments, sorption of hydrophilic compounds decreases, while sorption of hydrophobic compounds is greatly enhanced. Small compounds with aromatic rings sorb more in dried than wet coastal sediments, suggesting that aromatic groups have a stronger effect on sorption than polar groups like amino and carboxyl moieties. Sorption of lysine, glutamic acid and putrescine decreases greatly when sediment is pretreated with KCl, indicating the importance of cation ion exchange. However, α-amino acids sorb much more than corresponding β- or γ-amino acids, and l-alanine sorbs more than d-alanine, suggesting that amino group location and chiral selectivity play an important role in sorption. Comparison of lysine and tyrosine sorption in different sediments indicates that source and diagenetic state of organic matter are important factors determining sorption capacity. Lysine sorbs much more to organic detritus from salt marsh sediment than to fresh Spartina root materials, marine particles, lignin or humic acids, indicating the importance of structural integrity in sorption. Desorption hysteresis of glutamic acid, putrescine and lysine (in dried sediment) suggests the presence of enzyme-type sorption sites of high sorption energy or multiple binding mechanisms. Taken together, these findings suggest that organic matter plays the major role in amino acid sorption in organic-rich sediments.  相似文献   

论南方海相层系有效供烃能力的主要控制因素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

钟宁宁  赵喆  李艳霞  梁狄刚  陈建平 《地质学报》2010,84(2):149-158

通过对烃源条件和天然气成藏过程的动力学分析,从高有机质丰度海相碎屑岩层段发育、构造沉积类型特征、高—过成熟阶段烃源灶性质演变形成的气源接替效应以及生烃强度与非构造性散失强度(速率)在地质历史中数量关系等若干方面,探讨了影响中国南方海相层系天然气成藏的有效供烃能力的主要地质-地球化学因素。指出有效供烃效率是烃源岩性质、构造-沉积类型、烃源灶类型及其叠合、生烃强度历史演化和天然气散失速率诸控制要素的综合效应。提出烃源条件分级评价指标,并对南方海相层系的有效供烃能力进行了初步评价。  相似文献   

应用化学动力学法评价塔中地区志留系沥青生气潜力   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王民  卢双舫  高松  李吉君  王乃军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(1):15-20

我国西北部叠合盆地普遍存在沥青,而目前尚无沥青生气定量评价方法。针对这一问题,从沥青生气机理出发,将成功应用于有机质成油、成气及油成气生成量评价的化学动力学方法应用到沥青成气的评价中。建立了沥青成气及氯仿沥青"A"族组成成气动力学模型,并以塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沥青砂为靶区,根据标定的动力学参数和靶区地热史进行地质应用。结果表明,研究区非烃成气进程相对较早,在埋深3 500 m左右转化率明显升高,其次为沥青质成气,饱和烃成气进程最晚,大约在埋深4 200 m处成气转化率显著升高。应用建立的模型计算研究区沥青砂生气结果显示,饱和烃成气、芳香烃成气、非烃成气和沥青质成气总量分别为8 160.68×108m3、6 573.21×108m3、9 719.3×108m3和5 926.82×108m3,累计生气总量达30 377.97×108m3。  相似文献   

A Comparison of Fluvial Sediment Phosphorus (P) Chemistry in Relation to Location and Potential to Influence Stream P Concentrations   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R. W. McDowell  A. N. Sharpley 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2001,7(4):255-265

Fluvial sediments are subject to cyclic submersion during changes in stream flow, which can affect their phosphorus (P) sorptive capacity. As fluvial sediments play a major role in determining P concentrations in stream flow, we compared the P chemistry of exposed stream bank and submerged bed sediments from an agricultural catchment in central Pennsylvania, USA. Total P concentration was greater in bank (417 mg kg^-1) than bed sediments (281 mg kg^-1), but because bed sediments contained more sand-sized material, they could release more P and support a higher solution P concentration (0.043 mg l^-1) than bank sediments (0.020 mg l^-1). Phosphorus release was a function of Mehlich-3 soluble Fe in stream sediments (r > 0.65), reflecting redox processes in the fluvial system. In contrast, P sorption maxima of bank and bed sediments were related to Mehlich-3 soluble Al (r > 0.78) and organic matter concentration (r > 0.79). Overall, our research suggested that erosion of bank sediments should contribute less P and may be a sink for P in the stream system compared with resuspension of bed sediment. However, bank sediments may have the potential to be a large source of P in downstream reservoirs or lakes, where increased microbial activity and reducing conditions may solubilise sediment-bound P.  相似文献   

地幔动力学与板块俯冲     

匡文龙  刘继顺等 《湖南地质》2001,20(4):316-320

通过地幔粘滞性及粘滞结构、地幔热状态、地幔热生成三个方面，探讨了地幔物质发生对流的物理背景，并归纳出地幔对流模式热动力系统，在此基础上剖柏了地幔对流和现代板块构造的直接联系。  相似文献   

碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩矿物-水氧同位素交换反应动力学   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵子福  郑永飞  魏春生 《地球化学》2001,30(2):177-185

对黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩的全岩及其主要单矿物进行了氧同位素分析，结果表明，全岩和单矿物不仅δ^18O 值变化范围较大（全岩－2．4－2．0‰，石英0．0－5．8‰，碱性长石－3．8－0．1‰，磁铁矿－8．5－1．0‰），而且强烈亏损^18O。共生矿物之间表现出明显不平衡的氧同位素分馏特征，指示在花岗岩侵位之后与水之间发生了同位素交换，根据锆石和现代大气降水的氧同位素组成，对岩石与外来流体的δ^18O值进行了估计，多维矿水－岩反应时限约为0．3－3Ma，水／岩比（氧摩尔比）介于0．11－1．02之间。水－岩反应温度较高（约400度）和反应时间较长是导致石英δ^18O值降低的主要原因。  相似文献   

N，N’-双（3-氨丙基）草酰胺合铜非等温热分解动力学研究     

余世英  汪海东  马培华  李延团 《盐湖研究》2001,9(2)

采用 TG- DTG- DTA热分析技术研究了 N,N’-双 (3-氨丙基 )草酰胺合胴 ( )配合物在动态空气气氛中的热行为 ;用微分法 (Achar法 )和积分法 (Coats- Redfen法 )协同处理非等温 TG数据 ,通过对比热分解动力学参数 E和 ln A,提出了配合物第一阶段热分解动力学方程 :dα/ dt =Ae- E/ RT (1-α ) 2 及第二阶段热分解动力学方程 :dα/ dt=Ae- E/ RT(1-α) ;并由动力学补偿效应获得了 E和 ln A的数学表达式  相似文献   

Speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in aquatic sediments     

R. Püschel  W. Calmano 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1995,23(5):226-232

A simple sequential extraction technique is presented for the examination of PAH speciation in aquatic sediments. This method is discussed with special emphasis on the sorption of PAH to humic substances and coal-like particles. Sorption experiments were carried out with sediments after treatment with H₂O₂ or after lipid removal by organic solvent extraction. The results show that lipids exert only a minor influence on PAH sorption. Furthermore, deviations from simple partition behaviour are discussed.  相似文献   

土壤对氟离子吸附与解吸的动态土柱法研究     

李伟娟  姚来根  倪世伟  殷华  王勐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1995,(3)

用饱水动态土柱法对氟离子的吸附与解吸特征及其反应动力学特征进行了初步探讨。结果表明，氟离子的吸附与解吸特征可分别用Ｌａｎｇｍｉｕｒ模型和Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｃｈ模型来表征。而氟的吸附与解吸反应动力学均可用Ｅｌｏｖｉｃｈ方程来描述。吸附与解吸过程是一个由反应速率控制的不可逆过程。  相似文献