琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩生烃动力学及生气模式     

黄保家  黄灏  王振峰  黄义文  孙志鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):11-18

In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation process and gas potentials of source rocks in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, kinetic parameters of gas generation(activation energy distribution and frequency factor) of the Yacheng Formation source rocks(coal and neritic mudstones) was determined by thermal simulation experiments in the closed system and the specific KINETICS Software. The results show that the activation energy(Ea) distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 50 to 74 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 2.4×1015 s–1 for the neritic mudstone and the Ea distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 49 to 73 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 8.92×1013 s–1 for the coal. On the basis of these kinetic parameters and combined with the data of sedimentary burial and paleothermal histories, the gas generation model of the Yacheng Formation source rocks closer to geological condition was worked out, indicating its main gas generation stage at Ro(vitrinite reflectance) of 1.25%–2.8%. Meanwhile, the gas generation process of the source rocks of different structural locations(central part, southern slope and south low uplift) in the Lingshui Sag was simulated. Among them, the gas generation of the Yacheng Formation source rocks in the central part and the southern slope of the sag entered the main gas window at 10 and 5 Ma respectively and the peak gas generation in the southern slope occurred at 3 Ma. The very late peak gas generation and the relatively large gas potential indices(GPI:20×108–60×108 m3/km2) would provide favorable conditions for the accumulation of large natural gas reserves in the deepwater area.  相似文献   

泥水平衡盾构顶推力非线性动力学分析与应用研究     

耿哲  李树忱  赵世森  张靖宇 《岩土力学》2018,39(Z1):469-476

泥水平衡盾构开挖过程中常遇到盾构顶推力难以确定且波动复杂的问题。针对该问题,对盾构推进过程中所受阻力进行系统的分析,确定了阻力的组成部分和计算方法,改进了盾壳与周围土体间摩擦力的计算公式。分析泥水平衡盾构推进系统的组成和工作原理,基于盾构推力的静力学模型建立了单自由度动力学模型,根据能量守恒原理建立了系统的平衡微分方程,推导出盾构推力的非线性动力学公式。基于上述公式,分析了盾构推力的变化趋势和波动规律,确定了液压油缸的最佳行程距离。通过与武汉地铁8号线越江隧道长江穿越段盾构顶进推力的实测数据对比分析,验证了提出公式能够正确计算管片衬砌所受的动态顶推载荷,对衬砌结构内力分析具有重要意义。  相似文献   

祁雨沟金矿自然金晶体形态和微形貌的生长动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨竹森  高振敏  李红阳  丁振举 《矿物学报》1999,19(4):475-482

根据自然金晶体生长和台阶运动的动力学以及台阶聚并规律,自然金的晶体形态和晶面微形貌具有较强规律性。晶体形态随温度和金的过饱和度增高,由（１１０）习性晶经（１００）习性晶演变为（１１１）习性晶;晶面上阶梯状生长纹的高胡金的过饱和度的增大而增高胡金的过饱和度的增大而增高,阶梯的密度随热液碱性程度的升高而增大。这一结论得到河南祁雨沟金矿Ⅴ、Ⅶ阶段自然金晶体形态的证实,并与其它金矿的地质事实和人工合成实验  相似文献   

Heterogeneous Chemistry of Nitryl Halides in Relation to Tropospheric Halogen Activation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. Schweitzer  Ph. Mirabel  Ch. George 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(1):101-117

The heterogeneous chemistry of nitryl chloride and nitryl bromide by salt containing solutions was studied as a function of temperature in the range from 275 to 293 K with the wetted-wall flowtube combined with FTIR and mass spectrometry detection. Uptake coefficients and values of the product Hk^1/2 on these saline solutions have been determined. For nitryl halides interacting with NaI and NaBr solutions, the values of the product Hk^1/2 are respectively 4384.7±326.7 and 103.1±18.7 M atm^-1 s^-1/2 for nitryl chloride at 275 K and 544.2±94.7 and 47.7±15.2 M atm^-1 s^-1/2 for nitryl bromide at 278 K. When reacting with NaI or NaBr solutions, these heterogeneous reactions release, as major products, the molecular forms of the halogen i.e., respectively I₂ and Br₂. A simplified reaction scheme explaining the formation of these products is presented and is inserted into a model simulating the chemistry in the marine boundary layer. The modelling effort showed Cl and BrO atoms concentrations up to 5×10⁴ and 1.8×10⁶ molecules cm^-3 respectively, which are comparable to values actually measured in field campaigns.  相似文献   

预还原的Mo-Ni-K/C 催化剂上合成醇的动力学研究(英文)     

李先国  冯丽娟 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(Z1)

基于一种简化的反应网络,导出了描述预还原的ＭｏＮｉＫ／Ｃ 催化剂上合成醇的经验动力学模型。研究结果表明,醇的化学吸附是生成更高一级醇的速度控制步骤（ 如：甲醇的吸附是生成乙醇的速控步骤等） 。生成甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和丁醇的表观活化能分别为４５．００ 、８８ ．１７、４９．９３ 和５６ ．９２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,高温有利于高级醇（ 指Ｃ２ 或以上醇） ,特别是乙醇的生成。  相似文献   

沉水植物黑藻对沉积物磷吸附动力学的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王圣瑞  金相灿  赵海超  崔哲  颜昌宙  步青云  楚建周  周小宁 《地球化学》2006,35(6):645-650

在室内模拟条件下,通过吸附动力学实验,研究了沉水植物黑藻对沉积物吸附磷动力学模型拟合和吸附速度的影响,并从有机质和铁铝氧化物含量的角度,讨论了沉水植物黑藻对沉积物吸附磷动力学的影响机理。初步得出如下结论:(1)一级反应动力学模型虽然从模型拟合的角度达到了极显著水平,但不能真实地反映沉水植物对沉积物吸附磷动力学过程的影响。其余三个模型均能很好地反映,其中抛物线扩散模型的拟合效果最好,修正的Elovich模型和双常数速率模型的拟合效果较好。种植沉水植物与否并不影响这一趋势;(2)沉水植物黑藻提高了沉积物吸附磷的强度和速度,特别是提高了0～0.5h内的吸附速度,沉水植物影响有机质和铁铝氧化物含量是增强沉积物吸附磷强度和速度的重要机理。  相似文献   

煤系高岭岩焙烧脱硅工艺及其动力学研究     

薛茹君 《矿物学报》2005,25(4):363-366

研究了煤系高岭岩的焙烧活化脱硅过程,分析了助剂对脱硅反应的影响机理并提出了煤系高岭岩的熘烧活化脱硅工艺。对煤系高岭岩的脱硅动力学进行了研究,得出在相应的工艺条件下煤系高岭岩的脱硅反应可按“收缩的未反应核模型”处理,并导出了动力学方程。  相似文献   

表面活性剂在滇池水体中的生物降解     

王智  吴幸强  肖邦定  涂新海 《湖泊科学》2008,20(1):51-57

利用河水衰减法研究阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)和非离子表面活性剂(NIS)在滇池水体中不同条件下的生物降解规律.结果表明:在滇池自然水体中,LAS和NIS均能生物降解,在试验时间(30d)内,L,AS的降解率达95%以上,NIS的降解率达92%以上,其降解动力学遵从二级动力模型.改变水温、表面活性剂初始浓度、pH值以及添加营养物质(葡萄糖或磷酸氢二钠)均对LAS和NIS的降解有一定的影响.水温对表面活性剂生物降解影响最大,当水温从20℃增至30℃时,LAS的降解速率从0.73-1增至2.10d-1,NIS降解半衰期从11.5d减至4.4d;表面活性剂初始浓度增加,降解半衰期有所增加;表面活性剂在pH 7时的降解性能略优于pH 10时的降解性能;添加葡萄糖抑制LAS和NIS的降解,而添加磷源磷酸氢二钠对其降解有一定的促进作用;曝气能促进LAS的降解,但对NIS降解的促进作用并不明显.  相似文献   

Kinetic processes and stable isotopes in cave dripwaters as indicators of winter severity          下载免费PDF全文

Vasile Ersek  Bogdan P. Onac  Aurel Perșoiu 《水文研究》2018,32(18):2856-2862

We examine how the stable isotope composition of meteoric water is transmitted through soil and epikarst to dripwaters in a cave in western Romania. δ²H and δ¹⁸O in precipitation at this site are influenced by temperature and moisture sources (Atlantic and Mediterranean), with lower δ¹⁸O in winter and higher in summer. The stable isotope composition of cave dripwaters mimics this seasonal pattern of low and high δ¹⁸O, but the onset and end of freezing conditions in the winter season are marked by sharp transitions in the isotopic signature of cave dripwaters of approximately 1 ‰. We interpret these shifts as the result of kinetic isotopic fractionation during the transition phase from water to ice at the onset of freezing conditions and the input of meltwater to the cave at the beginning of the spring season. This process is captured in dripwaters and therefore speleothems from Ur?ilor Cave, which grew under such dripping points, may have the potential to record past changes in the severity of winters. Similar isotopic changes in dripwaters driven by freeze–thaw processes can affect other caves in areas with winter snow cover, and cave monitoring during such changes is essential in linking the isotopic variability in dripwaters and speleothems to surface climate.  相似文献   

Coconut‐Shell‐Derived Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite for Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution     

Ramya Araga  Suresh Kali  Chandra S. Sharma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(5)

  相似文献