1879年甘肃武都南8级地震新史料          下载免费PDF全文

张俊玲 《地震工程学报》2007,29(3):264-266

1985年在甘肃文县屯寨乡洋汤寨的天池庙的大樑上发现了一条新的关于1879年7月1日武都8级地震的新的历史记载。该记载表明武都8级地震在这里的地震烈度至少达到了Ⅹ度。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional thermal structure of the Chinese continental crust and upper mantle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

An MeiJian  Shi YaoLin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(10):1441-1451

We invert S-wave velocities for the 3D upper-mantle temperatures, in which the position with a temperature crossing the 1300℃ adiabat is corresponding to the top of the seismic low velocity zone. The temperatures down to the depth of 80 km are then calculated by solving steady-state thermal conduction equation with the constraints of the inverted upper-mantle temperatures and the surface temperatures, and then surface heat flows are calculated from the crustal temperatures. The misfit between the calculated and observed surface heat flow is smaller than 20% for most regions. The result shows that, at a depth of 25 km, the crustal temperature of eastern China (500―600℃) is higher than that of western China (<500℃). At a depth of 100 km, temperatures beneath eastern and southeastern China are higher than the adiabatic temperature of 1300℃, while that beneath west China is lower. The Tarim craton and the Sichuan basin show generally low temperature. At a depth of 150 km, temperatures beneath south China, eastern Yangtze craton, North China craton and around the Qiangtang terrane are higher than the adiabatic temperature of 1300℃, but is the lowest beneath the Sichuan basin and the regions near the Indian-Eurasian collision zone. At a depth of 200 km, very low temperature occurs beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south to the Tarim craton.  相似文献   

High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li TingYong  Yuan DaoXian  Li HongChun  Yang Yan  Wang JianLi  Wang XinYa  Li JunYun  Qin JiaMing  Zhang MeiLiang  Lin YuShi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(8):1202-1208

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS ²³⁰Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3–26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C, mostly in the 2.3–26 cm part. The δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ ¹⁸O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ ¹⁸O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ ¹⁸O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 δ ¹⁸O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ ¹⁸O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835)  相似文献   

Late Quaternary clay minerals off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea: Implications for source analysis and East Asian monsoon evolution     

Christophe COLIN 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(11):1674-1684

High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 450 ka during late Quaternary from Core MD05-2901 off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea are re-ported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. Variations in Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, while changes in smectite content present a higher frequency cyclicity. The provenance analysis indicates a mixture of individual clay minerals from various sources surrounding the South China Sea. Smectite derived mainly from the Sunda shelf and its major source area of the Indonesian islands. Illite and chlorite originated mainly from the Mekong and Red rivers. Kaolinite was provided mainly by the Pearl River. Spectral analysis of the kaolin-ite/(illite chlorite) ratio displays a strong eccentricity period of 100 ka, implying the ice sheet-forced win-ter monsoon evolution; whereas higher frequency changes in the smectite content show an ice sheet-forced obliquity period of 41 ka, and precession periods of 23 and 19 ka and a semi-precession period of 13 ka as well, implying the tropical-forced summer monsoon evolution. The winter monsoon evolution is generally in coherence with the glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with intensified winter monsoon winds during glacials and weakened winter monsoon winds during interglacials; whereas the summer monsoon evolution provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, with strengthened summer monsoon during higher insolation and weakened summer monsoon during lower insolation. The result suggests that the high-latitude ice sheet and low-latitude tropical factor could drive the late Quaternary evolution of East Asian winter and summer monsoons, respectively, implying their diplex and self-contained forcing mechanism.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of the high-Mg andesites at Zhangwu, western Liaoning: Implication for delamination of newly formed lower crust   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Huang Hua  Gao Shan  Hu ZhaoChu  Liu XiaoMing  Yuan HongLing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(12):1773-1786

Ten volcanic samples at Zhangwu,western Liaoning Province,North China were selected for a sys-tematic geochemical,mineralogical and geochronological study,which provides an opportunity to ex-plore the interaction between the continental crust and mantle beneath the north margin of the North China craton.Except one basalt sample(SiO2= 50.23%),the other nine samples are andesitic with SiO2 contents ranging from 53% to 59%.They have relatively high MgO(3.4%―6.1%,Mg#=50―64) and Ni and Cr contents(Ni 27×10?6―197×10?6,Cr 51×10?6―478×10?6).Other geochemical characteristics of Zhangwu high-Mg andesites(HMAs) include strong fractionation of light rare earth elements(LREE) from heavy rare earth elements(HREE),and Sr from Y,with La/Yb greater than 15,and high Sr/Y(34― 115).Zircons of andesite YX270 yield three age groups with no Precambrian age,which precludes ori-gin of the Zhangwu HMAs from the partial melting of the Precambrian crust.The oldest age group peaking at 253 Ma is interpreted to represent the collision of the Siberia block and the North China block,resulting in formation of the Central Asian orogenic belt by closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.The intermediate age group corresponds to the basalt underplating which caused the wide-spread coeval granitoids in the North China craton with a peak 206Pb/238U age of 172 Ma.The youngest age group gives a 206Pb/238U age of 126±2 Ma,which is interpreted as the eruption age of the Zhangwu HMAs.The high 87Sr/86Sri(126 Ma)>0.706 and low εNd(t)= ?6.36―?13.99 of the Zhangwu HMAs are distinct from slab melts.The common presence of reversely zoned clinopyroxene phenocrysts in the Zhangwu HMAs argues against the origin of the Zhangwu HMAs either from melting of the water saturated mantle or melting of the lower crust.In light of the evidence mentioned above,the envisaged scenario for the formation of the Zhangwu HMAs is related to the basaltic underplating at the base of the crust,which led to the thickening of the lower crust and formation of lower crustal eclogite,followed by foundering of the eclogitic lower crust into the asthenosphere.The foundered eclogite then melted and the resul-tant melts interacted with surrounding peridotite during their upward transport,which finally produced the high-Mg andesites.This well explains the high-Mg adakitic characters and absence of ancient in-herited zircon in the Zhangwu lavas.  相似文献   

Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China, 1981―2000     

FANG JingYun  GUO ZhaoDi  PIAO ShiLong  CHEN AnPing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(9)

Using China's ground observations, e.g., forest inventory, grassland resource, agricultural statistics, climate, and satellite data, we estimate terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks for China's major biomes between 1981 and 2000. The main results are in the following: (1) Forest area and forest biomass carbon (C) stock increased from 116.5×106 ha and 4.3 Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g C) in the early 1980s to 142.8×106 ha and 5.9 Pg C in the early 2000s, respectively. Forest biomass carbon density increased form 36.9 Mg C/ha (1 Mg C = 106 g C) to 41.0 Mg C/ha, with an annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.075 Pg C/a. Grassland, shrub, and crop biomass sequestrate carbon at annual rates of 0.007 Pg C/a, 0.014―0.024 Pg C/a, and 0.0125―0.0143 Pg C/a, respectively. (2) The total terrestrial vegetation C sink in China is in a range of 0.096―0.106 Pg C/a between 1981 and 2000, accounting for 14.6%―16.1% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by China's industry in the same period. In addition, soil carbon sink is estimated at 0.04―0.07 Pg C/a. Accordingly, carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation and soil) offsets 20.8%―26.8% of its industrial CO2 emission for the study period. (3) Considerable uncertainties exist in the present study, especially in the estimation of soil carbon sinks, and need further intensive investigation in the future.  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的短期气候预测方法研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

何敏  许力  宋文玲 《气象》2002,28(10):9-14

利用合成及相关统计方法，研究冬季南海季风指数与850hPa风场、500hPa高度、海表温度、OLR等环境场的相互关系及其影响南海夏季风活动的可能机制。指出冬季南海季风指数及环境场的异常特征可以作为预测南海夏季风活动的前兆信号。在此基础上建立了预测南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的概念模型，1998－2001年的预测试验取得了较好成绩。  相似文献   

古大陆再造的回顾与展望   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

张世红  王鸿祯 《地质论评》2002,48(2):198-213

最早的古大陆再造基于大陆轮廓的拼接，古生物区系以及古气候方面资料的对比。20世纪50年代古地磁技术的突破为确定大陆的古地理位置、古陆块0之间的相互关系以及大陆裂解和大洋扩张的历史提供了更有说服力的证据。60年代，板块构造成为古大陆再造的理论基础，由此推动了技术的发展、观念和更新和学科之间的交融。在成图方面，完善了球面坐标系下古大陆移动、拼合的计算机软件；建成了一系列 全球性的古大陆再造基础资料数据库。按照板块构造理论，超级大陆的形成是古大陆拼合的结果，所以对造山带的分析正在成为古大陆再造中最重要的方法，由此也推动了古大陆再造与地质、地球物理、地球化学等多学科理论、技术之间的交叉和集成。主要根据同位素年代学证据和造山带全球性分布的特征，人们推测地质历史上可能发生过多次超级大陆（Supercontinent)或泛大陆（Pangea)聚散事件，但目前对其古地理和构造格局已基本研究清楚的只有古生代的超级大陆冈瓦那（Gondwana)晚古生代一早中生代的泛大陆。90年代初提出的Rodinia超级大陆，尚处于在完善证据和修订模式的阶段。中国古大陆再造研究的主要问题包括：中国古陆块之间的关系，中国古陆块和造山带与冈瓦那大陆及特提斯演化的关系、与欧亚大陆碰增生演化的关系以及最近提出的中国古陆块对全球Rodinaia超级大陆事件的响应等。基于不同的资料和数据，将产生不同的再造模式，因此对观测资料和分析数据的可靠性以及数据解释多解性方面珲应给予更多的重视。现阶段对高质量的年代学、古地磁学以及区域构造解析等方面的取证性研究仍然是很急需的。古大陆聚散研究推动了许多前沿课题的进展，如全球构造背景和地理背景下生物的多样性，超级地幔柱以及巨量岩浆活动与超大陆裂解的关系，地磁场真极移现象，地球雪球化效应和全球构造控制的大型成矿作用等。这些课题促使人们朝着把地球作为一个整体，深入研究地球不同层圈之间的相互作用，以建立完整的系统地球科学理论的研究方向前进。  相似文献   

东海西湖凹陷春晓构造各井区含油气性特征     

白洁  胡佳庆  王建红 《上海国土资源》2002,(3):27-31

春晓构造是近年来东海油气勘探与开发的重点靶区之一，目前开发工作已准备就续。该区现有钻井5口，但测试结果各井差异较大。如何评价其含油气性特征？本文应用测井、地震和试油等资料进行了综合分析，并提出了春晓构造上的另一个有利于油气聚集和保存的区块－－春晓构造南高点断层上盘。  相似文献   

关于西北开发中的几个水资源问题   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

何惠 《水科学进展》2002,13(4):492-495

分析了西北水资源的特点,就生态环境用水、生态环境治理以及植树造林与沙漠治理等西部开发中的突出问题提出了一些认识。指出:西北开发必须以水为度,充分考虑区域水资源的承载能力;保护和改善西北地区生态环境的基本途径是偿还已被人类逐步夺占而本该属于自然生态系统的那一部分水源。  相似文献