基于移动端的“智慧城市与地理国情一张图系统”设计及其应用     

薛晓轩  徐凯  李俊卿 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(11):147-149

系统把智慧城市建设与地理国情应用完美结合,形成时空一体、二三维一体的集成多源数据的一张图;开发IPAD版系统,把PC端的数据处理向移动端适时展现。系统具有国情普查数据的展示和分析、专题地图展示、电子地图、三维模型展示、轨迹记录,以及其他GIS基本功能。在屏幕上任意点取闭合图形,就会实时显示选定图形范围内的国情数据及统计分析数据。辅助决策者又好又快地进行科学决策。  相似文献   

EMD-Wavelet-ICA耦合模型及其在GPS坐标序列降噪中的应用     

于帅  刘超  李盟盟  刘春阳  邹敏 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(2):139-144

在分析比较经验模态分解(EMD)、小波变换(Wavelet)和独立分量分析(ICA)优缺点的基础上,提出一种新的EMD-Wavelet-ICA耦合模型。该模型充分利用了EMD的自适应性,对原始信号进行分解获得不同频率的模态函数(IMF),采用标准化模量的累计均值对IMF进行尺度划分;进而分别采用Wavelet和ICA对高频和低频IMF进行降噪,将降噪后的IMF进行多尺度重构,获得降噪后的信号;采用信噪比、标准差、偏差和相关系数等指标对降噪效果进行评价。仿真数据和GPS坐标序列的处理结果表明:与EMD模型和EMD-ICA模型相比,新模型的标准差、偏差均有不同程度的减小;信噪比和相关系数有一定程度的增大,可以获得更好的降噪效果。  相似文献   

The internal deformation of the Peridotite Nappe of New Caledonia: A structural study of serpentine-bearing faults and shear zones in the Koniambo Massif     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

We present a structural analysis of serpentine-bearing faults and shear zones in the Koniambo Massif, one of the klippes of the Peridotite Nappe of New Caledonia. Three structural levels are recognized. The upper level is characterized by a dense network of fractures. Antigorite and polygonal serpentine form slickenfibers along fault planes with distinct kinematics. As a result, the upper level keeps the record of at least two deformation events, the first associated with the growth of antigorite (WNW-ESE extension), the second with the growth of polygonal serpentine (NW–SE compression). The lower level coincides with the ‘serpentine sole’ of the nappe, which consists of massive tectonic breccias overlying a layer of mylonitic serpentinites. The sole records pervasive tangential shear with top-to-SW kinematics and represents a décollement at the base of the nappe. The intermediate level is characterized by the presence of several meters-thick conjugate shear zones accommodating NE–SW shortening. Like the sole, these shear zones involve polygonal serpentine and magnesite as the main syn-kinematic mineral phases. The shear zones likely root into the basal décollement, either along its roof or, occasionally, around its base. Compared to top-to-SW shearing along the sole, the two deformation events recorded in the upper level are older.The three structural levels correlate well with previously recognized spatial variations in the degree of serpentinization. It is therefore tempting to consider that the intensity of serpentinization played a major role in the way deformation has been distributed across the Peridotite Nappe. However, even the least altered peridotites, in the upper level, contain so much serpentine that, according to theoretical and experimental work, they should be nearly as weak as pure serpentinite. Hence, no strong vertical gradient in strength due to variations in the degree of serpentinization is expected within the exposed part of the nappe. Our proposal is that strain localization along the serpentine sole results from the juxtaposition of the nappe, made of weak serpentinized peridotites, against the strong mafic rocks of its substratum. This interpretation is at odds with the intuitive view that would consider the nappe, made of peridotites, as stronger than its basement.  相似文献   

High precision analysis of an embryonic extensional fault-related fold using 3D orthorectified virtual outcrops: The viewpoint importance in structural geology     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

Image-based 3D modeling has recently opened the way to the use of virtual outcrop models in geology. An intriguing application of this method involves the production of orthorectified images of outcrops using almost any user-defined point of view, so that photorealistic cross-sections suitable for numerous geological purposes and measurements can be easily generated. These purposes include the accurate quantitative analysis of fault-fold relationships starting from imperfectly oriented and partly inaccessible real outcrops. We applied the method of image-based 3D modeling and orthorectification to a case study from the northern Apennines, Italy, where an incipient extensional fault affecting well-layered limestones is exposed on a 10-m-high barely accessible cliff. Through a few simple steps, we constructed a high-quality image-based 3D model of the outcrop. In the model, we made a series of measurements including fault and bedding attitudes, which allowed us to derive the bedding-fault intersection direction. We then used this direction as viewpoint to obtain a distortion-free photorealistic cross-section, on which we measured bed dips and thicknesses as well as fault stratigraphic separations. These measurements allowed us to identify a slight difference (i.e. only 0.5°) between the hangingwall and footwall cutoff angles. We show that the hangingwall strain required to compensate the upward-decreasing displacement of the fault was accommodated by this 0.5° rotation (i.e. folding) and coeval 0.8% thickening of strata in the hangingwall relatively to footwall strata. This evidence is consistent with trishear fault-propagation folding. Our results emphasize the viewpoint importance in structural geology and therefore the potential of using orthorectified virtual outcrops.  相似文献   

Low-temperature constraints on the Alpine thermal evolution of the Western Carpathian basement rock complexes     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

The Cretaceous to Palaeogene Alpine exhumation of previously buried Variscan basements is recorded in the southern portion of the Western Carpathians in the Gemeric and Veporic units. The Meso-Cenozoic collisional processes resulted in basement exhumation of the Tatric Unit from Palaeogene to Neogene times. According to zircon and apatite fission track data, the Gemeric Unit, an uppermost thick-skinned thrust sheet, cooled from depth levels of ∼10 up to 2.5 km (temperature interval of ∼250–60 °C) about 88–64 Ma ago, after the collapse of overlying Meliata-Turňa-Silica Mesozoic accretionary prism. The middle and lower thick-skinned thrust sheets, Veporic and Tatric units, cooled from the depths of ∼10 up to 2.5 km ∼110–40 Ma ago. The process was controlled by unroofing of footwall from beneath the Gemeric Unit. About 50–20 Ma ago, the internal zone of Tatric Unit gradually exhumed to depth of <2 km and some parts of the unit appeared at the surface level. However, the external zone of Tatric Unit was buried beneath the Eocene to Lower Miocene sedimentary successions and exhumed to the subsurface level at ∼21–8 Ma ago, as a result of oblique collision of the Western Carpathians with the European Platform.  相似文献   

固体聚合膜电解浓集法测量天然水中低含量氚的化学淬灭效应研究     

蓝高勇  王华  俞建国  应启和  唐伟  杨会 《岩矿测试》2016,35(4):415-419

固体聚合膜电解浓集法是浓缩氚含量较低(1 Bq/m~3)的天然水样的常用方法,但因水样自身含有杂质离子或电解装置聚合膜带入杂质进入浓集液,使浓集液偏酸性,在测量过程中易产生化学淬灭效应,导致氚的测量值偏低。本文研究了水样自身存在的杂质离子和聚合膜上残留的杂质离子、样品溶液的pH值及其电导率所产生的化学淬灭效应的影响,实验表明,为减少化学淬灭效应,提高测量低含量氚的准确性,需保证水样溶液呈中性,电导率≤1μS/cm,同时避免杂质沉积在聚合膜上。如果水样溶液的pH值偏酸性、电导率大于1μS/cm,可采用酸碱混合型离子交换树脂去除水样中自身的杂质;对于聚合膜引入的杂质,可在电解后的水样中加入微量氨水将其pH值调节至中性。  相似文献   

上扬子会泽地区早三叠世飞仙关组砂岩物源特征:来自重矿物铬尖晶石和碎屑锆石的限定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张英利  王宗起  王刚  李谦  林健飞 《地质论评》2016,62(1):54-72

上扬子会泽地区早三叠世飞仙关组主要为河流相的紫红色砂岩,物源主要来自于西部和西北部。碎屑重矿物组合表明物源主要来自于岩浆岩,且重矿物中发现大量碎屑铬尖晶石和锆石。本文运用电子探针微区成分分析和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年方法,对上扬子早三叠世飞仙关组砂岩中铬尖晶石和碎屑锆石进行分析。铬尖晶石电子探针化学成分分析显示,其具有高铬、低Fe~(3+)和高TiO_2含量的特征,源岩分析指示这些铬尖晶石来源于与洋岛/板内、岛弧以及大火成岩省相关的火成岩。同时,碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定表明,飞仙关组的物源主要来自于248~272Ma和715~997Ma的岩浆岩。铬尖晶石和碎屑锆石综合分析表明,248~272Ma的物源岩石具有大火成岩省玄武岩特征,主要为峨眉山玄武岩及同期基性侵入岩;715~997M的物源为洋岛/板内玄武岩类,主要为研究区周缘与新元古代苏雄组及其同期的岩浆岩;铬尖晶石指示的岛弧性质物源则可能源自1000~1100Ma的岩浆岩。同时,碎屑锆石还指示古元古代和早寒武世发育岩浆作用,且存在古老的新太古代结晶基底。这些资料为上扬子地区构造演化提供了沉积学的证据。  相似文献   

History of faulting in the Northern Hastings Block,southern New England Orogen     

J. Yan  R. Offler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(7):821-841

Brittle failure is common in the Devonian to Permian rocks in the Northern Hastings Block (NHB) and is manifested by faults of different orientation and kinematic histories, but the timing of fault movement is not well defined. In this study, faults in the NHB were analysed with the map pattern of cross-cutting faults used to estimate the relative time of movement and relationship to other faults. We defined five episodes of faulting or fault reactivation that affected the NHB. The Yarras Fault System on the southwestern side of the NHB and the Parrabel Fault and related faults on the eastern side of the NHB are the two major fault systems responsible for transporting and rotating the NHB in the late Carboniferous. Faults on the eastern, northeastern and northern part of Parrabel Dome started and stopped moving after emplacement of the Hastings Block and before the intrusion of the Werrikimbe Triassic granitoids. We suggested that the movement on the major bounding faults is related to the accommodation of the NHB to the folding and cleavage development in the adjoining Nambucca Block, and is associated with the earliest part of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny. Limited dextral movement on the extensions of the Taylors Arm Fault System caused minor displacements in the northeastern part of the NHB during the Late Triassic. Some small faults cut the Triassic granitoids or Triassic Lorne Basin sediments indicating tectonic activity continued post-Triassic.  相似文献   

相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度对大气能见度的影响研究:基于小时资料的多站对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

樊高峰  马浩  张小伟  刘樱 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(6):959-973

为了全面分析浙江省不同区域能见度变化基本特征及影响机理,基于杭州、宁波、温州3个国家基本气象站2013-2014年逐时能见度观测资料,比较分析了3市能见度变化的基本特征。发现3市不同等级能见度出现频率基本一致,随着能见度等级的提高,出现频率逐渐降低;从能见度的日变化来看,07时（北京时）前后最低,之后缓慢上升,14-15时达到最高,随后逐渐下降;全年有两个能见度较低时段,分别出现在12月-次年2月和5-6月;总体而言,宁波能见度最优,杭州和温州大体相当。功率谱分析结果表明,3市能见度均有显著的日周期,高频波段呈现出多个显著谱峰,低频波段存在若干显著谱峰。进一步开展机理分析,发现相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度是调制大气能见度的关键因子,相对湿度增大、PM_2.5浓度升高导致能见度降低。在同一相对湿度等级下,初始阶段能见度随PM_2.5浓度的升高迅速降低,到达“拐点”之后降低速率趋于缓慢。在同一PM_2.5浓度水平下,相对湿度越大,能见度越低,说明水汽对能见度也有重要影响。基于相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度两个因子,采用非线性拟合方案构建了大气能见度定量统计模型,总体而言模型拟合效果较好。最后针对研究中存在的不足和未来值得进一步发掘的科学问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

毫米波雷达与无线电探空对云垂直结构探测的一致性分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王喆  王振会  曹晓钟 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2016,74(5):815-826

在众多种针对云垂直结构的探测中,毫米波雷达可获取云底、云顶、云厚等完整的云垂直结构信息,并可以连续监测云的垂直剖面变化,是有力的探测手段之一。而无线电探空因其直接的测量优势,能直观、确切地描述大气湿度垂直结构,可将其进一步处理生成云垂直结构信息,并作为一种数据源用于与毫米波雷达云垂直结构探测结果进行比对,以评估毫米波雷达针对云宏观垂直结构的探测性能,为毫米波雷达更好地应用于云探测提供参考。通过获取位于北京南郊观象台的毫米波雷达2014年10月28日至2015年2月17日长达113天连续观测的反射率因子以及探空温、压、湿数据,设计或选取合适的方法对二者进行云边界的计算,并进行云高（包括云底高和云顶高）以及云层数的一致性比对分析。结果认为,除对于高层云的云顶高度毫米波雷达由于探测限制不能探测到10 km以上的云顶,某些时刻与探空产生较大差异外,在云底高度以及中低云的云顶高度上可以与探空观测取得很好的匹配效果,对于云的垂直分层上二者也有较强的一致性。该毫米波雷达具有较为准确并连续刻画10 km以下云垂直结构的能力。  相似文献