北太平洋海表面高度(SSH) 与风应力变化的关系     

黄琳  孙佳  杨逸秋  袁逸凡 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):111-119

利用1958-2008年的北太平洋海表面高度和风应力资料,并与ENSO和PDO指数进行相关分析.结果发现,风应力及其经向分量主要通过季节振动影响海表面高度(SSH)的年周期变化,纬向风应力主要通过多年振动影响SSH的ENSO和PDO周期.纬向风应力和SSH均以黑潮延伸体主轴为界,两侧呈现出相反的升降趋势,SSH为北降南升,纬向风应力南降北升.风应力和SSH升降趋势相同,均表现为“上升—下降—上升”的变化特征.在地形变化剧烈、等深线南北分布的海区,西风增强会导致SSH升高,且西侧升高较为明显.北风增强将导致北太平洋西岸SSH升高,东岸SSH降低.  相似文献   

安徽巢北地区古构造应力场恢复     

朱勇  袁雷雷  陈江湛 《江苏地质》2014,38(1):25-29

以巢北地区发育的节理为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,依据区内选取的15个观测点节理数据,对巢北古构造应力场进行恢复,发现该地区经历过2次主要构造运动:第一次为印支运动,控制该区所发育的NEE向主要大型褶皱,应力场方向以NNW—SEE向为主,主要方向为287°~355°,平均为319°;第二次为燕山运动,对前期形成的褶皱进行改造,应力场方向以NE—SW向为主,主要方向为23°~68°,平均为44°。  相似文献   

Evolution of the stress and strain fields in the Eastern Cordillera,Colombia     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

This work integrates stress data from Global Positioning System measurements and earthquake focal mechanism solutions, with new borehole breakout and natural fracture system data to better understand the complex interactions between the major tectonic plates in northwestern South America and to examine how the stress regime in the Eastern Cordillera and the Llanos foothills in Colombia has evolved through time. The dataset was used to generate an integrated stress map of the northern Andes and to propose a model for stress evolution in the Eastern Cordillera. In the Cordillera, the primary present-day maximum principal stress direction is WNW–ESE to NW–SE, and is in the direction of maximum shortening in the mountain range. There is also a secondary maximum principal stress direction that is E–W to ENE–WSW, which is associated with the northeastward “escape” of the North Andean block, relative to stable South America. In the Cupiagua hydrocarbon field, located in the Llanos foothills, the dominant NNE–SSW fractures are produced by the Panama arc–North Andes collision and range-normal compression. However, less well developed asymmetrical fractures oriented E–W to WSW–ENE and NNW–SSE are also present, and may be related to pre-folding stresses in the foreland basin of the Central Cordillera or to present-day shear associated with the northeastward “escape” of the north Andean block. Our study results suggest that an important driver for orogenic deformation and changes in the stress field at obliquely convergent subduction zone boundaries is the arrival of thickened crust, such as island arcs and aseismic ridges, at the trench.  相似文献   

Slip line theory applied to a retaining wall–unsaturated soil interaction problem     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

An extension of slip line theory to unsaturated soils is presented and applied to the problem of a rigid retaining wall rotating about its toe into unsaturated soils. Suction is introduced using the effective stress concept. Soil–wall interface friction is defined carefully. The influence of suction on limiting passive earth pressures is analysed for two soils under steady state evaporation and infiltration. Suction increases the limiting passive stress at the soil–wall interface, with a dependence on the steady state flow type. The displacement of the retained soil is studied assuming the wall undergoes a rotation increment. The results show a clear difference in the displacement for evaporation and infiltration.  相似文献   

Test and numerical research on wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

Numerous studies have been devoted to the performance of excavations and adjacent facilities. In contrast, few studies have focused on retaining wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering. However, considerable inward cantilever deflections were observed for a diaphragm wall in a pre-excavation dewatering test based on a long and narrow metro excavation, and the maximum deflection reached 10 mm (37.6% of the allowable wall deflection for the project). Based on the test results, a three-dimensional soil–fluid coupled finite element model was established and used to study the mechanism of the dewatering-induced diaphragm wall deflections. Numerical results indicated that the diaphragm wall deflection results from three factors: (1) the seepage force around the dewatering well and the soil–wall interaction caused the inward horizontal displacement of the soil inside the excavation; (2) the reduced total earth pressure on the excavated side of the diaphragm wall above approximately 1/2 of the maximum dewatering depth disequilibrated the original earth pressure on both sides of the diaphragm wall; and (3) the different negative friction on the excavated and retained sides of the diaphragm wall led to the rotation of the diaphragm wall into the excavation.  相似文献   

Generalized Hough transform for the stress inversion of calcite twin data     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Since the mechanical twinning along calcite e-planes has a critical resolved shear stress, not only principal stress axes but also differential stress can be determined from the orientations of twin lamellae. Based on the five-dimensional stress space that fulfills the principle of coordinate invariance, it is shown in this article that the inversion of twin and untwin data is comparable with fitting a spherical cap to data points on a unit sphere in the space. The principal stress orientations and stress ratio are indicated by the center of the cap, whereas differential stress is denoted by the size of the cap. Based on this geometrical interpretation, the generalized Hough transform was applied to the inversion of the data in this study. The new method is demonstrated to be robust to sampling bias, variability in the critical resolved shear stress. The determination of differential stress was difficult when the differential stress to be detected was ∼10 times larger than the critical resolved shear stress. Stresses were separated by the method from heterogeneous data successfully as long as the spherical caps corresponding to the stresses to be detected had no or a small intersection.  相似文献   

资源环境系列制图研究的现实基础与发展     

苏时雨  苏映平 《云南地理环境研究》1991,3(2):9-16

本文侧重于全国性资源环境及有关自然条件等专题制图工作的现实基础和成就,作简要总结和回顾。针对提高和重新认识制图效益和重点进行讨论,提出科学效益是基础,社会效益是目的,经济效益是根本,为资源环境的合理开发利用提供依据,并提出今后发展设想。  相似文献   

Lithospheric flexure, uplift and expected horizontal strain rate in the Pannonian Carpathian region     

Alessandro Caporali   《Tectonophysics》2009,474(1-2):337

The Apuseni Mountains are located between the Pannonian Basin and the Transylvanian Basin along a direction of SE convergence with the Carpathian belt. A flexural model based on the cylindrical bending of a semi-infinite, isostatically supported, thin elastic plate is here examined with the Apuseni playing the role of flexural bulge, and under the assumption that the plate is deforming under the action of a vertical shear force and a bending moment applied at the end of the plate, beneath the Carpathians. The model yields estimates of the plate thickness ranging between 13 and 14.5 km, depending on the assumed density contrast between crust/sediments and mantle providing buoyancy. The vertical shear force which is necessary to bend the plate is in the range between 60 and 300 × 10¹¹ N m^− 1, depending on the assumed density contrast. This force is shown to be modelled by a gravitational ‘slab pull’ force, using model parameters derived from seismic tomography. If the height of the flexural bulge, after correction for erosion, is allowed to increase, the model yields an estimate of the horizontal strain rate at the top of the bulge. For example, 5 mm/yr vertical change of the flexural bulge of a 14 km thick plate results in a horizontal deformation rate of approximately 7 nanostrain/yr at the top of the bulge, a value which is at the threshold of sensitivity of continuous GPS measurements. Different vertical rates will change the horizontal strain rate almost proportionally.  相似文献   

Stress Measurement by Overcoring at Shallow Depths in a Rock Slope: the Scattering of Input Data and Results   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Clément  V. Merrien-Soukatchoff  C. Dünner  Y. Gunzburger 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(4):585-609

This paper describes a field experiment of stress measurement using the overcoring method performed in a rock slope, called Rochers de Valabres (located in France’s Southern Alps Region), a field laboratory site prone to rockfalls. Six measurements were conducted at shallow depths from the surface, moving deeper along a sub-horizontal borehole. The experiment was conducted in heterogeneous and anisotropic gneiss, with the overcored rock elastic properties, as evaluated by biaxial and uniaxial tests, being widely scattered. Since stress calculations are sensitive to all input data uncertainties, strain inversion was, thus, performed using an experimental device and Monte Carlo simulations. The experimental device allows the assessment of rather broad confidence intervals for both stress magnitude and orientation. The results indicate that the stress state in the surface area is quite heterogeneous and may be correlated with topography. The measurements show a nonlinear stress distribution with distance to the free surface, along with high values of principal stresses, despite the vicinity of the surface. Although influenced by local topography, orientations of the principal computed stresses are characterized by a high turnover due to local heterogeneities. The results are roughly in accordance to a 2D finite element model of the site.  相似文献   

应用地震学方法研究中国大陆活动地块应力应变场   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王辉  张国民  汪素云  马宏生 《地球物理学报》2004,47(6):1035-1043

在中国大陆活动地块假说及活动边界研究的基础上，将中国大陆按照地震活动特征进行分区. 利用大地震的震源机制资料和历史强震资料，结合小震综合节面解，研究了各地震区的应力应变状态，给出了各地震区的平均应力主轴方向和平均应变率. 应用地震应变能积累释放模型研究了各地震区的地震活动水平. 结果表明最大剪切应变率与地震活动水平存在线性关系. 将地震资料给出的中国大陆地壳应力应变场与GPS测量给出的结果进行了比较，初步说明了两种结果存在着统一性，从而显示出活动地块运动变形与强震活动的内在联系.  相似文献