Bending-related faulting of the incoming oceanic plate and its effect on lithospheric hydration and seismicity: A passive and active seismological study offshore Maule,Chile     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2015

We have studied the dependency between incoming plate structure, bending-related faulting, lithospheric hydration, and outer rise seismic activity offshore Maule, Chile. We derived a 2D Poisson's ratio distribution from P- and S-wave seismic wide angle data collected in the trench-outer rise. High values of Poisson's ratio in the uppermost mantle suggest that the oceanic lithosphere is highly hydrated due to the water infiltration through bending-related normal faults outcropping at the seafloor. This process is presumably facilitated by the presence of a seamount in the area. We conclude that water infiltrates deep into the lithosphere, when it approaches the Chile trench, producing a reduction of crustal and upper mantle velocities, supporting serpentinization of the upper mantle. Further, we observed a mantle Vp anisotropy of 8%, with the fast velocity axis running normal to the abyssal hill fabric and hence in spreading direction, indicating that outer rise processes have yet not affected anisotropy.The first weeks following the megatrust Mw = 8.8 Maule earthquake in 2010 were characterized by a sudden increase of the outer rise seismic activity, located between 34° S and 35°30′ S. We concluded that this phenomenon is a result of an intensification of the water infiltration process in the outer rise, presumably triggered by the main shock, whose epicenter was located some 100 km to the south east of the cluster.  相似文献   

Petrological and chronological characteristics of medium-high grade metamorphic rocks in Gonjo area,southeastern margin of Qamdo block,eastern Tibet.SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

唐渊  秦雅东  王冬兵  李勇  巩小栋  王保弟  任光明 《岩石学报》2022,(11):3302-3320

青藏高原东缘的昌都地块是连接青藏高原腹地和藏东南三江-印支地区的关键区域,发育有较完整的晚古生界,以三叠系、侏罗系-白垩系广泛分布为特色;但其前寒武纪基底岩系出露较少,主要以宁多岩群(Pt_(1-2)Nd.)和草曲群(Pt_(3)C)为代表。本文针对昌都地块东南缘贡觉地区出露的一套被前人称为“宁多岩群”的中深变质岩系,开展了系统的野外地质调查、显微薄片分析、锆石U-Pb年代学等研究工作,认为该套中深变质岩系属于一套变质杂岩,其岩石组合既包括了原岩沉积时代不早于奥陶纪的片麻岩、变粒岩和大理岩等副变质岩,又包含了原岩时代分别为中二叠世的斜长角闪岩和中三叠世花岗质片麻岩等正变质岩。其原岩时代特征与昌都地块北缘的宁多岩群有较大差别,不应当归属为昌都地块的前寒武纪结晶基底。结合片麻岩的变质新生云母类矿物Ar-Ar测年数据和变质后期侵入的闪长玢岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄,认为贡觉地区出露的中深变质岩的变质时代为ca.260~244Ma(P_(2)-T_(2))。该期发生在昌都地块东南缘的角闪岩相变质作用,是金沙江古特提斯洋向西俯冲-碰撞的构造响应。  相似文献   

兴蒙造山带北部岩石圈地幔橄榄岩氧逸度特征研究     

刘金霖  李怀滨  王建  张云峰 《岩石学报》2021,37(7):2073-2085

在大兴安岭北部的诺敏和科洛地区的新生代玄武岩中发现了尖晶石相的橄榄岩包体。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg~#说明了研究区上地幔具有部分难熔的特点。在橄榄石含量与Fo图解中,有一部分橄榄岩包体落在太古代和元古代的地幔区域,揭示了研究区的岩石圈地幔存在古老岩石圈地幔的残余。研究区方辉橄榄岩与二辉橄榄岩有显示高氧逸度值FMQ+1.95～3.01,这与一般情况下相对还原的古老岩石圈地幔的低氧逸度值形成鲜明对比,可能为古生代的古亚洲洋以及中生代的古太平洋相继俯冲到了兴蒙造山带之下,导致当时岩石圈地幔的氧化所致。在地幔包体的反应边中发现了富钾熔体(K20 1%-6%),这被认为研究区地幔经历了多期富钾流体活动,富钾流体的来源可能与俯冲再循环的壳源物质有关。  相似文献   

基性麻粒岩中方柱石的出溶现象及成因机制:以西藏南部日玛那穹隆麻粒岩为例     

邸英龙  曾令森  陈晶  高利娥  张立飞 《岩石学报》2021,37(11):3435-3444

方柱石是一种含挥发分的架状铝硅酸盐矿物,其成因一直有争议。对喜马拉雅造山带定结地区基性麻粒岩中方柱石及其出溶物的矿物化学和纳米结构分析表明：（1）方柱石为富S类型;（2）内部出溶矿物为陨硫铁,晶胞参数为a=b=0.5968nm,c=1.174nm,α=β=90°,γ=120°;（3）陨硫铁的（001）面平行于方柱石的（100）面。出溶前的方柱石在榴辉岩相条件下形成,其稳定压力上限与Fe含量呈正相关关系。在麻粒岩相作用时,无水条件下方柱石内的SO₄^2-发生自氧化还原反应而产生出溶矿物和O₂,反应方程式为：Fe²⁺+SO₄^2-=FeS+2O₂。类似反应可能导致下地壳氧逸度高于中上地壳。方柱石的形成与分解记录了喜马拉雅造山带的形成过程,在大陆俯冲与折返过程中扮演重要角色,对地壳深部挥发分的调节起到了重要作用,并对地球深部氧逸度调节机制的研究开拓了新的思路。  相似文献   

2021年美国阿拉斯加半岛MW8.2地震震源特征分析     

邓文泽  孙丽 《中国地震》2021,37(3):737-744

采用远场地震波资料和有限断层反演方法获得2021年7月29日6时15分(UTC)美国阿拉斯加州以南海域MW8.2地震的震源破裂过程模型,探讨此次地震发生的动力学背景。破裂过程反演的结果显示这次地震的滑动量分布比较集中,破裂长度约为160km,地震主体破裂发生在20～40km深度范围内,破裂由深部向浅部发展,表明此次地震释放了俯冲带浅部的应变能,破裂持续时间近120s,破裂面上最大滑移量达5m。此外,主震破裂区域中的余震分布较小,大部分余震发生在主震南部,出现这种现象表明震源区的破裂较为彻底并触发了俯冲带浅部位置的地震,本次地震的有限断层反演结果和余震分布均显示破裂向东发展,但未破裂至震中以西的舒马金空区,表明舒马金空区东部的地震危险性仍然存在。  相似文献   

Fission track and fault kinematics analyses for new insight into the Late Cenozoic tectonic regime changes in West-Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olivier Bellier  Michel Sbrier  Diane Seward  Thierry Beaudouin  Michel Villeneuve  Eka Putranto 《Tectonophysics》2006,413(3-4):201-220

A 3-D density model for the Cretan and Libyan Seas and Crete was developed by gravity modelling constrained by five 2-D seismic lines. Velocity values of these cross-sections were used to obtain the initial densities using the Nafe–Drake and Birch empirical functions for the sediments, the crust and the upper mantle. The crust outside the Cretan Arc is 18 to 24 km thick, including 10 to 14 km thick sediments. The crust below central Crete at its thickest section, has values between 32 and 34 km, consisting of continental crust of the Aegean microplate, which is thickened by the subducted oceanic plate below the Cretan Arc. The oceanic lithosphere is decoupled from the continental along a NW–SE striking front between eastern Crete and the Island of Kythera south of Peloponnese. It plunges steeply below the southern Aegean Sea and is probably associated with the present volcanic activity of the southern Aegean Sea in agreement with published seismological observations of intermediate seismicity. Low density and velocity upper mantle below the Cretan Sea with ρ  3.25 × 10³ kg/m³ and V_p velocity of compressional waves around 7.7 km/s, which are also in agreement with observed high heat flow density values, point out at the mobilization of the upper mantle material here. Outside the Hellenic Arc the upper mantle density and velocity are ρ ≥ 3.32 × 10³ kg/m³ and V_p = 8.0 km/s, respectively. The crust below the Cretan Sea is thin continental of 15 to 20 km thickness, including 3 to 4 km of sediments. Thick accumulations of sediments, located to the SSW and SSE of Crete, are separated by a block of continental crust extended for more than 100 km south of Central Crete. These deep sedimentary basins are located on the oceanic crust backstopped by the continental crust of the Aegean microplate. The stretched continental margin of Africa, north of Cyrenaica, and the abruptly terminated continental Aegean microplate south of Crete are separated by oceanic lithosphere of only 60 to 80 km width at their closest proximity. To the east and west, the areas are floored by oceanic lithosphere, which rapidly widens towards the Herodotus Abyssal plain and the deep Ionian Basin of the central Mediterranean Sea. Crustal shortening between the continental margins of the Aegean microplate and Cyrenaica of North Africa influence the deformation of the sediments of the Mediterranean Ridge that has been divided in an internal and external zone. The continental margin of Cyrenaica extends for more than 80 km to the north of the African coast in form of a huge ramp, while that of the Aegean microplate is abruptly truncated by very steep fractures towards the Mediterranean Ridge. Changes in the deformation style of the sediments express differences of the tectonic processes that control them. That is, subduction to the northeast and crustal subsidence to the south of Crete. Strike-slip movement between Crete and Libya is required by seismological observations.  相似文献   

板块俯冲带研究中的数值实验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李大鹏  陈岳龙  靳野 《地球科学进展》2010,25(6):582-596

板块构造是一个复杂的动力学体系,俯冲作为板块间相互作用中最重要的特征之一,长期以来通过各种手段并未完全得以认识。近10年来,俯冲带数值模型迅速发展,而2D/3D数值实验也取得许多新的认识:地幔柱顶托作用触发俯冲可能存在于行星演化早期;板片脱水形成的薄弱剪切带是导致现今俯冲样式为单向不对称俯冲的主要决定因素;俯冲增生岩浆的化学组成很大程度上取决于俯冲的发展过程,熔体抽离的强度和俯冲板片年龄共同影响新生地壳的体积。  相似文献   

Structural analysis of the ‘Internal’ Units of Cilento, Italy: New constraints on the Miocene tectonic evolution of the southern Apennine accretionary wedge     

Stefano Vitale  Sabatino CiarciaStefano Mazzoli  Alessandro IannaceMario Torre 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(6):475-482

Based on the structural analysis of the ‘Internal’ Units cropping out in the Cilento area (southern Italy), this article provides new geodynamic constraints on the Miocene tectonic evolution of the southern Apennine accretionary wedge. The studied sedimentary successions, forming part of the tectonically superposed Nord-Calabrese (in the hanging-wall) and Parasicilide Units, are characterized by three superposed fold sets. The analysis of the attitudes of the main structures allowed us to unravel the shortening directions experienced by the accretionary wedge in the Miocene time. The reconstructed deformation sequence, characterized by initial NW-SE shortening and subsequently by west-east and NE-SW shortening, is related to the inclusion of the studied successions into the accretionary wedge and to their subsequent tectonic emplacement on top of outer domains of the foreland plate. Accretionary wedge overthickening and uplift, probably associated with footwall imbrication involving carbonate units of the foreland plate, was followed by wedge thinning, which also enhanced the creation of accommodation space in wedge-top basin depocentres.  相似文献   

Magmagenesis in a subduction-related post-collisional volcanic arc segment: the Ukrainian Carpathians   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Ioan Seghedi  Hilary Downes  Zolt  n P  cskay  Matthew F. Thirlwall  Alexandru Szak  cs  Michail Prychodko  David Mattey 《Lithos》2001,57(4):237-262

Calc-alkaline magmatism in the south-west Ukraine occurred between 13.8 and 9.1 Ma and formed an integral part of the Neogene subduction-related post-collisional Carpathian volcanic arc. Eruptions occurred contemporaneously in two parallel arcs (here termed Outer Arc and Inner Arc) in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathians. Outer Arc rocks, mainly andesites, are characterized by LILE enrichment (e.g. K and Pb), Nb depletion, low compatible trace element abundances, high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, high δ¹⁸O and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopic ratios (0.7085–0.7095, 7.01–8.53, 0.51230–0.51245, respectively). Inner Arc rocks are mostly dacites and rhyolites with some basaltic and andesitic lavas. They also show low compatible element abundances but have lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹⁸O and higher ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (0.7060–0.7085, 6.15–6.64, 0.5125–0.5126, respectively) than Outer Arc rocks. Both high-Nb and low-Nb lithologies are present in the Inner Arc. Based on the LILE enrichment (especially Pb), a higher fluid flux is suggested for the Outer Arc magmas compared with those of the Inner Arc.

Combined trace element and Sr–Nd–O isotopic modelling suggests that the factors which controlled the generation and evolution of magmas were complex. Compositional differences between the Inner and Outer Arcs were produced by introduction of variable proportions of slab-derived sediments and fluids into a heterogeneous mantle wedge, and by different extents of upper crustal contamination. Degrees of magmatic fractionation also differed between the two arcs. The most primitive magmas belong to the Inner Arc. Isotopic modelling shows that they can be produced by adding 3–8% subducted terrigenous flysch sediments to the local mantle wedge source. Up to 5% upper crustal contamination has been modelled for fractionated products of the Inner Arc. The geochemical features of Outer Arc rocks suggest that they were generated from mantle wedge melts similar to the Inner Arc primitive magmas, but were strongly affected by both source enrichment and upper crustal contamination. Assimilation of 10–20% bulk upper crust is required in the AFC modelling, assuming an Inner Arc parental magma. We suggest that magmagenesis is closely related to the complex geotectonic evolution of the Carpathian area. Several tectonic and kinematic factors are significant: (1) hydration of the asthenosphere during subduction and plate rollback directly related to collisional processes; (2) thermal disturbance caused by ascent of hot asthenospheric mantle during the back-arc opening of the Pannonian Basin; (3) clockwise translational movements of the Intracarpathian terranes, which facilitated eruption of the magmas.  相似文献   

Edge wave and non-trapped modes of the 25 april 1992 Cape Mendocino tsunami     

F. I. González  K. Satake  E. F. Boss  H. O. Mofjeld 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,144(3-4):409-426

The 25 April 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake generated a tsunami characterized by both coastal trapped edge wave and non-trapped tsunami modes that propagated north and south along the U.S. West Coast. Both observed and synthetic time series at Crescent City and North Spit are consistent with the zero-order edge wave mode solution for a semi-infinite sloping beach depth profile. Wave amplitudes at Crescent City were about twice that observed at North Spit, in spite of the fact that the source region was three times farther from Crescent City than North Spit. The largest observed amplitude was due to an edge wave which arrived almost three hours after the initial onset of the tsunami; since such waves are highly localized nearshore, this suggests that the enhanced responsiveness at Crescent City is at least partly due to local dynamic processes. Furthermore, the substantially delayed arrival of this wave, which was generated at the southern end of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, has significant implications for hazard mitigation efforts along the entire U.S. West Coast. Specifically, this study demonstrates that slow-moving but very energetic edge wave modes could be generated by future large tsunamigenic earthquakes in the CSZ, and that these might arrive unexpectedly at coastal communities several hours after the initial tsunami waves have subsided.  相似文献