地震CT及其地质解释   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

赵永贵  任汉章 《地质科学》1997,32(1):96-102

在金川公司龙首矿东采区1 280中段井下500m深的巷道中应用地震CT技术进行寻找深部隐伏矿体的实验。波速图像表明,研究区内中西部有一高速异常区,推断为花岗岩体和含矿的超基性侵入岩体。区内还有一个横贯测区中央近东西走向的低速断裂带。这些推断结果为后期的钻探和巷道开掘所证明。  相似文献   

Heavy metal retention in secondary precipitates from a mine rock dump and underlying soil, Dalarna, Sweden   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

Zhixun Lin  Roger B. Herbert Jr. 《Environmental Geology》1997,33(1):1-12

This study investigates the retention of heavy metals in secondary precipitates from a sulfidic mine rock dump and underlying podzolic soils by means of mineralogical and chemical extraction methods. The rock dump, which is at least 50 years old, consists of a 5–10-cm-thick leached zone and an underlying 110–115-cm-thick accumulation zone. Optical microscopy and electron microprobe analyses confirm that pyrrhotite weathering has proceeded much further in the leached horizon relative to the accumulation horizon. The weathering of sulfides in the leached zone has resulted in the migration of most heavy metals to the accumulation zone or underlying soils, where they are retained in more stable phases such as secondary ferric minerals, including goethite and jarosite. Some metals are temporarily retained in hydrated ferrous sulfates (e.g., melanterite, rozenite). Received: 28 October 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997  相似文献   

Structural controls on gold mineralisation and the nature of related fluids of the Paiol gold deposit, Almas Greenstone Belt, Brazil     

Mrcio Anselmo Duarte Ferrari  Asit Choudhuri 《Ore Geology Reviews》2004,24(3-4):173

Chemical analyses suggest that the metavolcanic rocks of the Almas Greenstone Belt (AGB), Tocantins State, Brazil have a continental affinity, possibly related to a continental rift environment. They were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies during a regional tectono-metamorphic event (D_n), retrogressed to greenschist facies assemblages and then hydrothermally altered within dextral strike–slip shear zones (D_n+1). Fracture sets related to D_n+2 intersect S_n+1.The Paiol Gold Mine is one of several mineralised zones within metabasic and meta-intermediate rocks of the AGB. It exploits shoots of sulphide–Au–quartz mineralisation that occupy dilational zones approximately perpendicular to an elongation lineation (L_n+1) within mylonitic foliation S_n+1 (S_n+1=S within the S–C fabric). The dilational zones probably formed due to dextral displacement on sinistrally en echelon C surfaces. Minor amounts of gold may have been introduced or remobilised during D_n+2.Coexisting primary and pseudosecondary fluid inclusions in mineralised quartz veins from ore shoots comprise a high-salinity three-phase type (Type II) and a lower salinity two-phase type (Type I). Homogenisation temperatures for Type II inclusions range from 200 to 410 °C and Type I from 90 to 320 °C. The inclusions and their temperature ranges are believed to reflect heat exchange and some mixing between the two fluid types under relatively constant ambient temperatures, but variable (though broadly declining) fluid temperatures. This took place late in D_n+1 in conjunction with greenschist facies retrogression and localised hydrothermally induced metasomatism.  相似文献   

9: Processes of tectonism, magmatism and mineralization: Lessons from Europe     

Derek Blundell  Nicholas Arndt  Peter R. Cobbold  Christoph Heinrich 《Ore Geology Reviews》2005,27(1-4):333

Metallogenic provinces in Europe range in age from the Archaean to the Neogene. Deposit types include porphyry copper and epithermal Cu–Au, volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VMS), orogenic gold, Fe-oxide–Cu–Au, anorthosite Fe–Ti-oxide and sediment-hosted base-metal deposits. Most of them formed during short-lived magmatic events in a wide range of tectonic settings; many can be related to specific tectonic processes such as subduction, hinge retreat, accretion of island arcs, continental collision, lithosphere delamination or slab tear. In contrast, most sediment-hosted deposits in Europe evolved in extensional, continental settings over significant periods of time. In Europe, as elsewhere, ore formation is an integral part of the geodynamic evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle. Many tectonic settings create conditions conducive to the generation of water-rich magma, but the generation of ore deposits appears to be restricted to locations and short periods of change in temperature and stress, imposed by transitory plate motions. Crustal influence is evident in the strong structural controls on the location and morphology of many ore deposits in Europe. Crustal-scale fault–fracture systems, many involving strike-slip elements, have provided the fabric for major plumbing systems. Rapid uplift, as in metamorphic core complexes, and hydraulic fracturing can generate or focus magmatic–hydrothermal fluid flow that may be active for time spans significantly less than a million years. Once a hydrologically stable flow is established, ore formation is strongly dependent on the steep temperature and pressure gradients experienced by the fluid, particularly within the upper crust. In Europe, significant fracture porosity deep in the crystalline basement (1%) is not only important for magmatic–hydrothermal systems, but allows brines to circulate down through sedimentary basins and then episodically upward, expelled seismically to produce sediment-hosted base-metal deposits and Kupferschiefer copper deposits. Emerging research, stimulated by GEODE, can improve the predicting power of numerical simulations of ore-forming processes and help discover the presence of orebodies beneath barren overburden.  相似文献   

Magma evolution and the formation of porphyry Cu–Au ore fluids: evidence from silicate and sulfide melt inclusions     

Werner E. Halter  Christoph A. Heinrich  Thomas Pettke 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,39(8):845-863

Silicate and sulfide melt inclusions from the andesitic Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex in NW Argentina were analyzed by laser ablation ICPMS to track the behavior of Cu and Au during magma evolution, and to identify the processes in the source of fluids responsible for porphyry-Cu-Au mineralization at the 600 Mt Bajo de la Alumbrera deposit. The combination of silicate and sulfide melt inclusion data with previously published geological and geochemical information indicates that the source of ore metals and water was a mantle-derived mafic magma that contained approximately 6 wt.% H₂O and 200 ppm Cu. This magma and a rhyodacitic magma mixed in an upper-crustal magma chamber, feeding the volcanic systems and associated subvolcanic intrusions over 2.6 million years. Generation of the ore fluid from this magma occurred towards the end of this protracted evolution and probably involved six important steps: (1) Generation of a sulfide melt upon magma mixing in some parts of the magma chamber. (2) Partitioning of Cu and Au into the sulfide melt (enrichment factor of 10,000 for Cu) leading to Cu and Au concentrations of several wt.% or ppm, respectively. (3) A change in the tectonic regime from local extension to compression at the end of protracted volcanism. (4) Intrusion of a dacitic magma stock from the upper part of the layered magma chamber. (5) Volatile exsolution and resorption of the sulfide melt from the lower and more mafic parts of the magma chamber, generating a fluid with a Cu/Au ratio equal to that of the precursor sulfide. (6) Focused fluid transport and precipitation of the two metals in the porphyry, yielding an ore body containing Au and Cu in the proportions dictated by the magmatic fluid source. The Cu/S ratio in the sulfide melt inclusions requires that approximately 4,000 ppm sulfur is extracted from the andesitic magma upon mixing. This exceeds the solubility of sulfide or sulfate in either of the silicate melts and implies an additional source for S. The extra sulfur could be added in the form of anhydrite phenocrysts present in the rhyodacitic magma. It appears, thus, that unusually sulfur-rich, not Cu-rich magmas are the key to the formation of porphyry-type ore deposits. Our observations imply that dacitic intrusions hosting the porphyry–Cu–Au mineralization are not representative of the magma from which the ore-fluid exsolved. The source of the ore fluid is the underlying more mafic magma, and unaltered andesitic dikes emplaced immediately after ore formation are more likely to represent the magma from which the fluids were generated. At Alumbrera, these andesitic dikes carry relicts of the sulfide melt as inclusions in amphibole. Sulfide inclusions in similar dykes of other, less explored magmatic complexes may be used to predict the Au/Cu ratio of potential ore-forming fluids and the expected metal ratio in any undiscovered porphyry deposit.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献   

云南大红山地区铁、铜矿床类型及形成机理     

李锡康  程胜辉  朱多录  柏杨  孙鹏  郝学峰  李蓉 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):213-214

大红山地区是云南省重要矿集区之一,已发现大红山大型铁铜矿床及东么、底巴都、底戛母、河口、坝达等多个中小型铁铜矿床（点）,区内分布多个磁异常及化探异常,成矿地质条件优越。近年云南省三年地质找矿行动计划项目“云南省新平县大红山外围铁、铜矿资源普查”经过勘查在大红山外围东么、底巴都矿区圈定多个工业铁、铜矿体及超贫磁铁矿体,取得一定找矿新进展。本文根据近年工作中观察到的新现象、取得的新资料,结合前人研究成果,对大红山地区铁、铜矿床成因类型及形成机理进行探讨。  相似文献   

Water-rock-tailings interactions and sources of sulfur and metals in the subtropical mining region of Taxco,Guerrero (southern Mexico): A multi-isotopic approach     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Multi-isotope (H, O, S, Sr, Pb) systems coupled with conventional (major and trace element) hydrogeochemical analysis were applied to determine the origin of water, to model water-rock-tailings interactions and for source apportionment of sulfur and associated toxic metals in the mining region of Taxco, Guerrero in southern Mexico. Oxygen and H isotopes indicate that meteoric water in the zone is rainwater undergoing varying degrees of isotopic fractionation by atmospheric evaporation whereas Sr isotopes trace the interaction of pristine water from volcanics of the regional recharge zone and subsequently flowing through sandstone and shale to spring points. Leachates form from two distinctive sources (spring water and surface water) having differential interactions with bedrocks prior to entering the tailings. Compared to pristine water, leachates are enriched in sulfate, metals (e.g. Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metalloids (e.g. As). The sulfur isotopic composition of ore-sulfides, leachates, secondary precipitates, regional surface water and hypogenic sulfates is described in terms of a two-component mixing model with shale of Mexcala and limestone of Morelos formations representing the light and heavy end-members, respectively, whereas Sr isotopic composition is bracketed combining three lithogenic (Mexcala/Morelos, Tilzapotla and Taxco Schist) sources. Finally, leachates have a mixture of lead from ore-sulfides and Taxco Schist Formation (Family I) or from ore-sulfides alone (Family II). The application of multiple environmental isotopic techniques is an outstanding tool for elucidating complex interactions of water with bedrocks and tailings and for determining the source of sulfur and toxic metal from mining and other metal polluted environments.  相似文献   

长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用   总被引：23，自引：21，他引：2  

周涛发  王世伟  袁峰  范裕  张达玉  常印佛  Noel C WHITE 《岩石学报》2016,32(2):271-288

陆内环境斑岩型矿床的发现对斑岩成矿理论的完善具有重要意义。长江中下游成矿带作为中国东部重要的陆内成矿带之一,成矿带内发育多个重要的斑岩型矿床,如铜山口Cu-Mo矿床、鸡冠嘴Cu-Au矿床、白云山Cu矿、城门山Cu-Mo矿床、武山Cu-Mo矿床、丰山洞Cu-Au矿床、丁家山Cu矿、洋鸡山Au矿、沙溪Cu-Au矿床、冬瓜山Cu-Au矿床、舒家店Cu矿床和安基山Cu矿床等。本文选取成矿带内典型的、具有代表性的斑岩型矿床,对其地质特征(地层、构造、含矿斑岩、脉体特征和围岩蚀变)、成岩成矿年代、成矿岩体的岩石化学和成岩成矿地球化学等方面的研究资料和成果进行了系统总结,讨论和试图阐明长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用与成矿模式。研究显示,长江中下游成矿带形成于燕山期陆内造山过程,成矿斑岩岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于149~105Ma之间,进一步可以分为早、中、晚三阶段:149~135Ma、133~125Ma和123~105Ma,三阶段岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于成矿带中的断隆区,早阶段(149~135Ma)和晚阶段(123~105Ma)多为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿化,中阶段(133~125Ma)矿化为典型的斑岩型矿化。长江中下游成矿带内斑岩型矿床的含矿斑岩为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列岩石,大部分具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,可能为源自富集地幔的岩浆和加厚下地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物,源自富集地幔的基性岩浆对成矿具有至关重要的作用,它的混入使得混合岩浆富水、硫和金属(Cu、Au)等。进一步通过与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床对比研究发现,长江中下游成矿带斑岩型矿床一般不发育高级泥化岩帽(advanced argillic liithocaps)以及浅部的高-中硫矿化蚀变系统,含矿岩浆源区性质和成矿物质来源等与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床明显不同。  相似文献   

辽宁省本溪县杨家堡子金矿地质特征及成因浅析     

武建勇  于天利  于波涛  邢兴庆 《化工矿产地质》2016,(1):27-32

本溪县杨家堡子金矿赋存于早古生代奥陶系马家沟组及寒武系凤山组内,矿体主要围岩为变质程度轻微的碎屑沉积岩及碳酸盐岩,矿体受断裂构造控制,金矿物及载金矿物——黄(褐)铁矿均呈稀疏浸染状分布,金成矿与燕山期二长花岗岩关系密切,具有"卡林型"金矿床地质特征。认为杨家堡子金矿是与早古生代寒武系、奥陶系地层、岩性、岩相(变质相)、断裂构造及燕山期岩浆活动有成因联系的金矿床,对矿体的矿物组合进行分析,初步确定矿化成因应属低温热液型金矿床。  相似文献   

锆石Hf和全岩Nd同位素填图研究进展:以三江特提斯造山带为例   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

杜斌  王长明  贺昕宇  杨立飞  陈晶源  石康兴  罗政  夏锦胜 《岩石学报》2016,32(8):2555-2570

近年来,区域性的Nd-Hf同位素填图正成为探索岩石圈结构和演化,制约陆块边界位置和壳-幔相互作用以及它们与金属成矿作用耦合关系的重要研究方法。目前的研究主要集中于中国的拉萨地体以及澳大利亚太古宙尤冈克拉通,包括地体地壳性质与空间变化规律、成矿系统约束和区域找矿潜力等方面。本文以三江特提斯造山带为例,使用克里格插值法在MAPGIS平台完成同位素等值线图,基此解析三江地区岩石圈结构以及大规模成矿作用。Nd-Hf同位素填图支持昌宁-孟连缝合带为冈瓦纳和泛华夏古陆的分界。昌宁-孟连缝合带划分了两个εNd(t)同位素明显不同的异常区,缝合带以西表现为古老地壳基地组成,而缝合带以东部表现为较年轻的地体。三江特提斯造山带中不同类型与岩浆岩有关的发矿床大多汇聚在同位素边界处,这些同位素边界可能代表着地体边界或缝合带、岩浆弧。沿金沙江-哀牢山缝合带分布的斑岩型或斑岩-矽卡岩型Cu-(Mo)矿床,具有高εHf(t)正值和较高εNd(t)负值的特征,对应始新世钾质斑岩及有关的矿化。在腾冲-保山地块、义敦岛弧和临沧次地块,具有低εHf(t),低εNd(t)值岩浆岩分布特征,主要形成与过铝质花岗岩型有关的锡-钨矿床。因此,我们认为区域尺度的同位素填图对研究岩石圈结构和演化、解剖壳-幔相互作用机理、解析深部动力学机制和成矿机制、总结区域成矿规律和指导区域成矿潜力具有重要意义。  相似文献