The effect of grain size on the Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd speciation and distribution in sediments: a case study of Dongping Lake, China     

Ying Zhu  Xiaodong Zou  Suping Feng  Houquan Tang 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(5):753-759

This paper examines the surface sediments collected from Dongping Lake in China for speciation and distribution of toxic heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd) in different grain size fractions, and for the factors that need to be considered in potential hazard of metals to the environment. Four grain size fractions (<63, 63–78, 78–163 and 163–280 μm), divided in wet condition, and bulk samples less than 280 μm in diameter were analyzed for their distribution, density and appearance. A three-stage extraction procedure following the BCR protocol was used to chemically fractionate metals into “acid soluble”, “reducible”, “oxidizable” and “residual” fractions. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the datasets. The results showed that <63 μm grain size part constitutes the major proportion of the sediments, but its density is the smallest among the four grain size fractions. In general, the metal content curve against grain size presents “S” distribution, and the highest concentrations do not exist in <63 μm grain size. Appearance observation indicates that the adsorbed substance increases gradually along with the decreasing grain size. The dominant speciation of elements and the extent of pollution are responsible for the metal distribution in different grain size sediments. While studying bioavailability and mobilization of metals, it is advisable to take metal speciation, grain size distribution and density into consideration.  相似文献   

瞬变电磁数据预处理方法探讨   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  

杜庆丰  管志宁  何朝明 《物探与化探》2006,30(1):67-70

在瞬变电磁勘查中,由于噪声干扰、有用信号相对其它背景信号太弱、残存一次场等因素,大大影响勘查效果,为取得良好的勘测效果,对数据进行有效的预处理至关重要。在此,就数据组合滤波、弱信息增强处理、异常分离等数据预处理方法进行了探讨,并较好地解决了上述问题,取得良好的应用效果。  相似文献   

大功率瞬变电磁在广西大厂外围深部找矿中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王志豪  张小路  王钟 《物探与化探》2006,30(3):194-198

为解决广西大厂矿山可持续发展的矿源问题,在其外围利用大功率(加大供电电流)瞬变电磁法进行新一轮深部找矿,取得良好效果,在已知矿上的探测结果与该矿体的已知资料基本吻合,也说明了该方法在未知区探测所发现的多个异常耙位是可靠的,从而达到了本次探测的目的。在大厂的这次成功应用证明大功率TEM在金属矿深部找矿中是一种行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

瞬变电磁法解释煤矿地下含水构造研究—以内蒙古东明露天矿为例          下载免费PDF全文

山成彬  钟晓勇  樊启顺  都永生  秦占杰  山发寿 《盐湖研究》2018,26(3)

内蒙古呼伦贝尔东明露天煤矿矿坑边帮地下水渗漏的问题日益严重,矿区原有的疏干降水井排水能力及效果已不能满足生产需求,同时对矿区生态环境也造成一定程度破坏。目前,对矿区周边的水文地质条件和水力联系缺乏精准全面的认识和数据。本文通过瞬变电磁法对矿区地下水渗漏较严重的西北部进行三条勘探线(77个物理点)勘查,结果表明该区存在三处视电阻率低阻异常带,判定其主要为含水断层(裂隙)所致;结合矿区地形、地层岩性与矿区地下水矿化度,对上述异常带进行了科学合理的综合解释,并结合新施工的疏干降水井抽水验证了上述异常的可靠性,为矿区后期布置疏干降水井圈定了靶区,对当地同类型矿区地下水渗漏灾害治理起到了应用示范作用。  相似文献   

Basal slip and texture development in calcite: new results from torsion experiments     

D. J. Barber  H.-R. Wenk  J. Gomez-Barreiro  E. Rybacki  G. Dresen 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(2):73-84

The deformation behavior of calcite has been of longstanding interest. Through experiments on single crystals, deformation mechanisms were established such as mechanical twinning on in the positive sense and slip on and both in the negative sense. More recently it was observed that at higher temperatures slip in both senses becomes active and, based on slip line analysis, it was suggested that slip may occur. So far there had been no direct evidence for basal slip, which is the dominant system in dolomite. With new torsion experiments on calcite single crystals at 900 K and transmission electron microscopy, this study identifies slip unambiguously by direct imaging of dislocations and diffraction contrast analysis. Including this slip system in polycrystal plasticity simulations, enigmatic texture patterns observed in compression and torsion of calcite rocks at high temperature can now be explained, resolving a long-standing puzzle.  相似文献   

Multi-scale pore structure of COx claystone: Towards the prediction of fluid transport     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

We aim to relate the morphology of the pore network of finely porous claystones to their fluid transport properties. By using Focused Ion Beam in combination with Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM), we image the pore network of COx claystone from 2D image stacks and as 3D reconstructed volumes. Our FIB/SEM samples are representative of the mesoscopic matrix clay. Porosity resolvable by this technique is in the range 1.7–5.9% with peak pore sizes of 50–90 nm. 3D pore network skeletonization provides connected pore volumes between end surfaces, tortuosity, density, and shortest pore paths with their pore size distribution. At higher resolution, 2D transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals large amounts of smaller pores (2–20 nm) between clay aggregates, associated to a local porosity of 14–25%, and peak sizes of 4–6 nm. Liquid permeability predictions with Katz–Thompson model, at the FIB/SEM volume scale and at the TEM surface scale, are in good agreement with macroscopic measurements (on the order of 10⁻²⁰ m²), showing that both mesopore sizes (peaks at 50–90 nm and 4–6 nm), located within the clay matrix, contribute to liquid transport.  相似文献   

冀东沉积变质型铁矿床瞬变电磁响应研究     

张龙飞 《地质与勘探》2014,50(4):741-755

本文介绍瞬变电磁方法在冀东沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用。根据冀东地区成矿地质背景,以及BIF型铁矿的矿体形态、产状、赋存部位、规模大小及含矿岩层特征,建立了层状模型、透镜体模型与向形模型三种地质模型。将地质模型转化为可处理的地球物理模型,按实际地质情况改变模型参数,完成了瞬变电磁的时域二维正演计算。分析了三种模型在多种情况下（低阻覆盖层、不同倾角、不同深度、发射源特征和不同电阻率）的瞬变电磁响应特征。结果表明,低阻覆盖层对于瞬变电磁场的扩散有一定的屏蔽作用,因而减小探测深度;随着矿体倾角的逐渐增大,瞬变电磁响应强度逐渐减弱,水平板状矿体比垂直板状矿体的响应要更为明显;勘探效果随着地质体埋深的增加而逐渐减弱;发射磁矩的大小对于瞬变电磁场的强弱产生直接影响,在实际应用中需要结合多方面因素,选择最佳的发射边长来达到最佳的勘查效果。利用冀东司家营地区进行的瞬变电磁勘察数据,研究了该地区铁矿床瞬变电磁响应特征,验证了上述模型的结论。  相似文献   

一种基于改进型混合遗传算法的地-井TEM多参数反演方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨毅  邓晓红  张杰  武军杰  王兴春 《物探化探计算技术》2014,(6):662-667

在地球物理反演中,往往是要用有限的信息去反演尽可能多的参数,以期获得关于目标体的详尽信息,传统的基于求偏导数的反演方法,在初始模型偏离真值较大的时候,反演很难收敛,而遗传算法则可以克服反演对初值的依赖。这里使用基于等效涡流的方法,简化地-井TEM三分量响应为圆形电流环在自由空间的响应模型,并使用逐步缩小搜索范围和多重小生境相结合的改进型混合遗传算法,较为精确地反演了表征导电薄板异常的七个参数,理论模型算例在多次搜索遗传计算之后,反演获得的模型参数误差小于5‰。  相似文献   

煤矿采空区探测效果研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

杨建军  吴汉宁  冯兵  陶虎生 《煤田地质与勘探》2006,34(1):67-70

通过对煤矿采空区“三带”的分析,解释了其物性变化特点及探测效果分析,并以实例证实了其复杂性和多变性,给出了几点有益的结论。   相似文献   

TEM中心回线法瞬变磁场求取和全区视电阻率计算   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许建荣  李爱勇  杨生 《地质与勘探》2008,44(6):62-68

依据TEM法中心回线装置瞬变电磁场的衰减规律,给出了由实测的dB/dt求取瞬变磁场B的简单方法.详细推导了发射电流为斜阶跃波条件下由B迭代反演全区视电阻率的方法.为提高计算精度和速度,对计算过程中的积分、求导推导了解析表达式和采用标准数据库的方法计算含有概率积分的函数.对实测资料进行了计算,通过算例进行了验证和分析.  相似文献