低温环境下消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥过程中物理化学和生物学指标的研究     

高孟春  王子超  胡波  王敏  赵从从  杨慧心  田颖  王步英 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(11):13-17

在低温环境下采用强制通风堆肥技术对消化污泥和玉米秸秆进行了堆肥化处理。在环境温度为9～15℃和初始C/N比为19.61情况下,第4天堆体温度达到最高温度60℃,堆体温度保持55℃以上时间为9d。污泥堆肥过程中总有机碳和C/N比下降明显,而NO3--N和重金属含量升高。pH值、电导率、NH4+-N、纤维素酶和脲酶的活性呈先增加后降低的趋势。种子发芽指数在第35天达到84.14%。研究结果表明,消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥在35d达到了腐熟要求。  相似文献   

Provisional Elemental Values for IAEA‐Sewage Sludge by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis     

Mohammad Wasim  Mohammad Arif  Sajid Iqbal  Muhammad Daud 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):87-93

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organised a proficiency test (PT), IAEA‐CU‐2010‐02, for the determination of elements in sewage sludge. The PT sample was analysed by semi‐absolute standardless k₀‐instrumental neutron activation analysis (k₀‐INAA). Results for seven elements (As, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Se, Zn) were submitted to the IAEA by our laboratory. All of our results were scored ‘acceptable’ by the ‘result evaluation criteria’ adopted by the IAEA. The same analytical methodology produced quantitative results for twenty‐six additional elements. In total, thirty‐six elements were determined with uncertainty varying from 4 to 11%. This paper presents the provisional mass fractions of twenty‐six additional elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Dy, Eu, Ga, Hf, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, V, U, W) not reported by the IAEA. The analytical methodology was discussed with important sources of spectral, nuclear and fission‐product interferences. It was shown that the important components of uncertainties were the k₀ factor, Q₀ factor, detector efficiency, mass and counting statistics. The methodology was validated by analysing the IAEA‐S7 reference material.  相似文献   

Natural oligotrophy vs. pollution-induced eutrophy on the SE Mediterranean shallow shelf (Israel): Environmental parameters and benthic foraminifera     

Orit Hyams-Kaphzan  Ahuva Almogi-Labin  Chaim Benjamini  Barak Herut 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1888-1902

The eastern Mediterranean is naturally highly oligotrophic, but urbanization along the Levant coast has led to raised organic and nutrient loads. This study tracks living foraminiferal assemblages at two sites near an activated sewage sludge outfall from 11/2003 to 5/2004. Oligotrophic site PL29 shows seasonal variations in O_2, chlorophyll a, and organic carbon, and has an abundant, diverse benthic foraminiferal assemblage living at various in-sediment depths. At eutrophic site PL3, ∼16 years of sludge injection favor a depleted assemblage primarily of opportunist foraminifera. This site shows less seasonality, is subjected to organic matter overload, O₂-stress, and periodic anoxia, foraminifera are less abundant and diverse, and live at shallower depths. The assemblages at both sites represent a common pool of species, with Ammonia tepida highly dominant. Benthic foraminifera were therefore found to be sensitive to trophic trajectories, respond on sub-seasonal time-scales, and track injection and dispersal of organic loads on the shelf.  相似文献   

淤泥质软土动态流变特性与流变参数研究     

胡华  顾恒星  俞登荣 《岩土力学》2008,29(3):696-700

实际调查和理论分析表明,软弱岩土具有流变特性,动态载荷作用加速了软弱岩土的流变行为,成为诱发岩土地质灾害的重要因素和主要动力。在测试分析动载作用下淤泥质软土的流变力学特性基础上,建立了动态黏弹塑性流变力学模型和流变方程,推导出动态流变参数计算式;通过测试,分析了动态剪切作用频率、动态剪切应变、淤泥质软土含水率等因素对动态流变参数影响特性。研究结果对揭示动载作用下淤泥质软土动态流变特性与流变参数影响变化规律,探索软弱岩土突发地质灾害的流变动力学机制等具有一定的理论和现实意义。  相似文献   

水下地形与淤泥厚度测量     

王毅 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(3):110-113

目前,我国湖泊污染问题十分严重,主要是水质污染和淤泥污染,且湖泊测绘资料比较缺少。本文就某湖泊的整治作一阐述,较详细说明水下地形与淤泥厚度测量原理及方法。同时说明湖泊整治的重要性和迫切性。  相似文献   

提高石油化工污泥脱水性能试验研究     

陈花果  伍素兰 《地球科学与环境学报》1996,(3)

本研究通过污泥比阻试验及叶片吸滤试验，探讨化学调理前后污泥的脱水性能。研制并开发了改善石油化工污泥脱水性能的最佳药剂ＰｔＣ，并为石油化工污泥脱水提供了必要的运行参数。  相似文献   

透射电镜技术在好氧污泥颗粒超微结构研究中的应用     

刘晓云  王琳  林跃梅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(5):817-820

利用透射电镜观察研究SBR反应器中的好氧污泥颗粒。结果显示,不同成熟度的好氧污泥颗粒呈现不同的超微结构特征:成熟度高的污泥颗粒中细菌的微群落化程度高,细菌密度大,颗粒中富含构成细菌之间及微群落之间连接结构的胞外多聚物。而在成熟度低的污泥颗粒中细菌微群落化程度较低,细菌密度相对较小,构成菌间及微群落之间连接的胞外多聚物结构松散或缺失;以电镜钌红染色技术标记好氧污泥颗粒中的多糖,显示了好氧污泥颗粒中多糖的分布与结构特点,为进一步研究污泥颗粒的形成机制、多糖对污泥颗粒稳定性和沉降性能的作用机理提供了形态学依据。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal trends in the benthos and sediments in relation to sewage sludge disposal off the northeast coast of England     

Rees  H. L.; Rowlatt  S. M.; Lambert  M. A.; Lees  R. G.; Limpenny  D. S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(1):55-64

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Ecotoxicological evaluation of sewage sludge using bioluminescent marine bacteria and rotifer     

Gyung Soo Park  Sang Hee Lee  Soung Yun Park  Seong Jin Yoon  Seung Min Lee  Chang Soo Chung  Gi -Hoon Hong  Suk Hyun Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(2):91-100

Bioassay using the marine bacteria,Vibrio fischeri and rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis, and chemical analyses were conducted to assess the toxicity of the various sewage sludges, one of the major ocean dumped materials in the Yellow Sea of Korea. Sludge elutriates extracted by filtered seawater were used to estimate the ecotoxicity of the sludge. Chemical characterization included the analyses of organic contents, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants in sludge. Bacterial bioluminescent inhibition (15 min), rotifer mortality (24 hr) and rotifer population growth inhibition (48 hr) assay were conducted to estimate the sludge toxicity. EC50 15 min (inhibition concentration of bioluminescence after 15 minutes exposed) values by Microtox® bioassay clearly revealed different toxicity levels depending on the sludge sources. Highest toxicity for the bacteria was found with the sludge extract from dyeing waste and followed by industrial waste, livestock waste, and leather processing waste. Clear toxic effects on the bacteria were not found in the sludge extract from filtration bed sludge and rural sewage sludge. Consistent with Microtox® results, rotifer neonate mortality and population growth inhibition test also showed highest toxicity in dyeing waste and low in filtration bed and rural sewage sludge. High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals were measured in the samples from the industrial wastes, leather processing plant waste sludge, and urban sewage sludge. However, there was no significant correlation between pollutant concentration levels and the toxicity values of the sludge. This suggests that the ecotoxicity in addition to the chemical analyses of various sludge samples must be estimated before release of potential harmful waste in the natural environment as part of an ecological risk assessment.  相似文献   

盐度对废水生物处理的影响     

仝致琦  田守祥 《河南气象》2008,31(1):32-34

研究了废水中不同含盐量对生化处理效果以及生物学变化规律的影响。在废水含盐量低于22g／L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在70％左右,污泥活性良好;随着进水盐浓度的增加,含盐量达到22g／L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降到50％左右;当废水含盐量达到31g／L时,污泥活性明显受到抑制,污泥絮体开始部分解体,COD去除率下降到40％左右。  相似文献