Application of remote sensing to identify coalfires in the Raniganj Coalbelt,India     

Prasun K Gangopadhyay  Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt  Kanika Saha 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

Raniganj and Jharia regions together have been for long the single largest coal supplier in India, now contributing about a quarter of the total output in the country. Numerous reasons such as improper mining techniques and policy, as well as unauthorized mining caused surface and subsurface coalfires in these areas. These coalfires burn millions of tonnes of valuable coal resources, creating severe environmental problems and posing enormous operational difficulties of mining. After first use of remote sensing as a tool to identify coalfires in 1960s, with the time, the efficiency of remote sensing to identify and monitoring coalfires has been well established by several researchers. With the knowledge of local geological setting and density sliced surface temperature image the spatial distribution of coalfires can be revealed. The present paper makes an attempt to identify temperature anomalies of the Raniganj coalbelt to locate the spatial distribution of coalfires. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) thermal band data was used to calculate surface temperature along with NDVI (normalized vegetation index) derived emissivity.  相似文献   

武汉市城区热场变化的遥感检测与影响因素分析     

刘吉平  朱海燕 《国土资源遥感》2006,(2):39-41,56,i0003

以TM/ETM 热红外波段为基本分析数据,通过数据处理得到武汉市城区及其近郊可对比的热红外像对辐射值,提取了研究区建筑物、绿地及水体等下垫面信息。在此基础上,对研究区1988年和2002年的热场时空分布和变化特征进行了分析,指出研究区热场影响因素按作用大小依次为建筑物、绿地和水体。同时表明,采用热辐射较为稳定的水体DN值对热红外波段数据做规范化处理,所得热辐射相对值具有很好的时空可对比性。  相似文献   

地板采暖设计中对流辐射换热量的计算     

李建兴  王丽文 《中国勘察设计》2006,(5):33-35

通过理论分析和实验验证对地板采暖设计中对流辐射换热量进行了分析，指出地板采暖系统的辐射换热量比例约为60％。此数值与居住者对热环境的舒适感觉一致，进而从理论和实验两方面回答了与传统散热器采暖相比地板采暖具有较好热舒适的特点。  相似文献   

Organic components in thermally altered coal waste: Preliminary petrographic and geochemical investigations     

M. Misz  M. Fabia&#x;ska  S. &#x;miel 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,71(4):405

The petrographic and geochemical composition of coal wastes exposed to fire in the minestone dump of Piekary Ślą¹skie town (Upper Silesia, Poland) was investigated using samples collected at various distances from a recent fire site. The question as to whether geochemical biomarker maturity parameters could be applied to assess thermal changes in organic matter caused by waste dump fires, was examined using the data obtained. Geochemical parameters were correlated with observed petrographic changes in the organic matter caused by oxidation and heating. Petrographic analyses included the determination of maceral group contents (vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite), mineral matter and coke contents, and reflectance measurements on organic matter. All results were supported by proximate and ultimate analyses. Geochemical analysis included ultrasonic solvent extraction of bitumen followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the extracts. In petrographic terms, the influence of heating was seen in reflectance variations and as oxidation rims, cracks, pores and coke development. Some zoned oxidation rims may be interpreted as re-heating episodes. In terms of chemical fingerprints, less thermally-stable compounds such as lighter n-alkanes, cyclic isoprenoids, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes, methyphenanthrenes and five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were destroyed or evaporated in the most fire-affected material. The presence/absence of particular compound groups was used to assess heating temperatures. Biomarker parameters of thermal maturity were used to assess alterations in organic matter around the waste dump fires, especially those indices and ratios with higher maturity ranges, e.g. (3-methylbiphenyl + 4-methylbiphenyl)/dibenzofurane and Σdimethylbiphenyls/Σmethyldibenzofuranes.  相似文献   

Thermal maturity of a fold–thrust belt based on vitrinite reflectance analysis in the Western Foothills complex, western Taiwan     

Arito Sakaguchi  Akiko Yanagihara  Kohtaro Ujiie  Hidemi Tanaka  Masanori Kameyama 《Tectonophysics》2007,443(3-4):220

Burial depth, cumulative displacement, and peak temperature of frictional heat of a fault system are estimated by thermal analysis in the fold–thrust belt of the Western Foothills complex, western Taiwan based on the vitrinite reflectance technique. The regional thermal structure across the complex reveals that the rocks were exposed to maximum temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 180 °C, which corresponds to a burial depth of 3.7–6.7 km. A large thermal difference of 90 °C were observed at the Shuilikeng fault which make the eastern boundary of the fold–thrust belt where it is in contact with metamorphic rock of Hsuehshan Range. The large thermal difference corresponds to cumulative displacements on the Shuilikeng fault estimated to be in the range of 5.2–6.9 km. However, thermal differences in across the Shuangtung and Chelungpu faults cannot be determined apparently due to small vertical offsets. The large displacement observed across the Shuilikeng fault is absent at the other faults which are interpreted to be younger faults within the piggyback thrust system. Localized high temperatures adjacent to fault zones were observed in core samples penetrating the Chelungpu fault. Three major fracture zones were observed at core lengths of 225 m, 330 m, and 405 m and the two lower zones which comprise dark gray narrow shear zones. A value of vitrinite reflectance of 1.8%, higher than the background value of 0.8%, is limited at a narrow shear zone of 1 cm thickness at the fracture zone at 330 m. The estimated peak temperature in the range of 550–680 °C in the shear zone is far higher than the background temperature of 130 °C, and it is interpreted as due to frictional heating during seismic faulting.  相似文献   

Geological and structural controls on gold mineralization in the Tanami District, Northern Territory     

Andrew J. Tunks  David R. Cooke 《Mineralium Deposita》2007,42(1-2):107-126

Gold mineralization in the Tanami district is hosted within moderately northwest dipping turbiditic sedimentary and basaltic volcanic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Mt. Charles Formation. The gold occurs within a complex sinistral wrench-fault array and associated veins and alteration haloes. The main mineralized faults have a northerly trend and dip steeply east. Subsidiary structures trend at 030° and 070° and dip towards the southeast. Paleostress calculations based on fault striation populations and geometry (strike and dip) of faults indicate that at the time of the mineralizing event, σ ₁ was sub-horizontal and SE–NW directed with σ ₂ subvertical. Structural studies indicate that the mineralization occurred after the regional folding event and synchronous with the emplacement of felsic dykes into the mine sequence. Gold veins in the Tanami district are interpreted to be part of an outer thermal aureole gold system that formed during the emplacement of granitoids in the nearby ∼1,815 to ∼1,799 Ma Frankenia and/or Coomarie domes. Economic gold mineralization occurred late in the paragenetic history of the district. Gold is hosted by quartz-carbonate veins within shear zones, and also in the surrounding sericite- quartz- pyrite ± carbonate-altered wallrocks. Gold-mineralized veins precipitated at depths of 3 to 6 km from high temperature (∼300°C), low salinity (∼5 wt% NaCl equivalent) fluids with low CO₂ contents. Barren quartz, dolomite and calcite veins that occur in pre- and post-mineralization thrust faults formed from high salinity (∼20 wt% NaCl equivalent), low temperature (∼120–150°C) basinal brines. Pyrite in the gold mineralized veins and alteration halos has lower δ ³⁴S values (6.8 to 12.5‰) than local diagenetic pyrite (17.8 to 19.2‰) or pyrite in pre-mineralization thrust faults (31.7 to 37.1‰). The mineralizing fluids are inferred to have contained a well-homogenized mixture of magmatic and sedimentary-derived sulfur. Editorial handling: D. Huston  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯带南木林地区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

袁万明杜杨松  杨立强李胜荣　董金泉 《岩石学报》2007,23(11):2911-2917

南木林地区属于冈底斯地块的南带,研究样品取自不同时代的火山岩地层,本文报道应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究构造活动的新成果。总计获得5个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果,其中3个样品属于同组年龄,分剐为5.9±0.7Ma,5.2±0.6 Ma和8.7±1.0Ma,平均径迹长度为13.0→13.2±2.2μm,并呈单峰分布,表明它们是最近一次构造热事件的体现。另2个样品属于混合年龄,系由7.1Ma、30Ma、9.6Ma、51Ma和100Ma等5组年龄组成。所有这些年龄值,先后与区内碰撞前、同碰撞、碰撞后和陆内快速隆升作用有关。自印度-亚洲大陆强烈碰撞以来,总体上具有2阶段热演化历史,其中6～0Ma期间冷却速率为11.3℃～16.7℃/Ma,隆升速率为0.85～0.99mm/a,总计隆升幅度达5100～5940m,是本区冷却隆升的主要时期。  相似文献   

Intersector element partitioning in tourmaline: a potentially powerful single crystal thermometer     

Vincent J. van Hinsberg  John C. Schumacher 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(3):289-301

Hourglass sector zoning, and related polar overgrowths, are common features of metamorphic tourmaline, developing as a result of variations in element preference on the different growth surfaces. For sector-zoned crystals, three domains are present for each growth zone (c ⁺, c ⁻ and a), with compositional differences most distinct for Ca and Ti, and among c ⁺ and c ⁻ sectors. Intersector differences vary, commonly showing decreasing fractionation from core to rim attributed to increasing metamorphic grade. Here we show that intersector element partitioning is temperature dependent and derive empirical geothermometers based on c ⁺ –c ⁻ and c ⁺ –a partitioning of Ca and Ti. These thermometers are applicable over a range of temperatures and bulk-rock compositions. Intersector partitioning is not affected by re-equilibration and records and preserves complete T-histories of individual tourmaline grains from prograde to peak and on to retrograde growth. Information on element mobility is preserved by tourmaline composition, because intersector partitioning is independent of element concentration. These factors make intersector partitioning an ideal tool to elucidate the thermal history of tourmaline grains and thus their host environment and tourmaline’s refractory nature preserves these signatures even into the sedimentary record. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

Priorities, policies and (time)scales: the delivery of emissions reductions in the UK transport sector     

Jillian Anable  Jon Shaw 《Area》2007,39(4):443-457

The transport sector is consistently responsible for around 30 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions in developed countries and is one of few sectors where emissions continue to increase as a result of apparently insatiable demand for road and air travel. This paper examines how the formulation of transport policy fits into the exposition of UK climate policy, focusing on three principal areas of tension: policy priority (congestion and carbon reduction); strategies to reduce emissions (technological and behavioural solutions) and timescale (short- and long-term vision). We suggest that in overcoming such tensions government ministers will need to devolve significant policy formulation and implementation powers to an appropriate scale of governance – in this case the city-region – to fashion a 'convergence space' capable of promoting meaningful action with regard to transport's climate impact.  相似文献   

东北和华北地区上地幔成分和热状态对比及对中国东部岩石圈减薄的启示   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

于宋月徐义刚  黄小龙葛文春 程锦 《岩石学报》2007,23(6):1252-1268

地幔成分与其上覆地壳年龄存在相关关系,年龄越老,地幔越亏损玄武质组分。本文对产于东北和华北地区的尖晶石相橄榄岩包体的成分进行了统计分析,结果显示东北地区橄榄岩包体比华北地区包体更亏损玄武质组分。这说明东北岩石圈地幔比华北上地幔更难熔,但其上覆地壳年龄却远小于华北地区地壳的年龄。这种地壳年龄和地幔组分之间的解耦暗示东北和华北地区的岩石圈地幔形成之后发生了大规模的改造。华北地区的壳幔解耦与中生代岩石圈减薄和增生有关,而东北地区的壳幔解耦则是该区地壳的多期改造和中生代岩石圈减薄和增生等过程综合作用的结果。两地区地幔成分的差异显然与部分熔融程度的不同有关,但影响部分熔融程度的因素很多,目前尚不能确定。包体的平衡温度统计和地温线对比显示东北岩石圈的地温梯度低于华北的地温梯度,可能是东北地区岩石圈减薄的时间要早于华北地区,或者华北岩石圈减薄程度可能大于东北地区的结果,因此中国东部岩石圈减薄存在时空不均一性。  相似文献