Upper Cretaceous oceanic red beds in southern Tibet:Lithofacies,environments and colour origin   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Jansa Luba 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(8):785-795

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Incision of a river curvature due to exhumed Miocene volcanic landforms: Danube Bend, Hungary     

D. Karátson  K. Németh  B. Székely  Zs. Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger  Z. Pécskay 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(5):929-944

A new model for the formation and relief evolution of the Danube Bend, northern Hungary, is discussed on geomorphological and volcanological grounds. We propose that the present-day U-shaped loop of the Danube Bend was partly inherited from the horseshoe caldera morphology of Keserűs Hill volcano, a mid-Miocene (ca 15 Ma) lava dome complex with an eroded central depression open to the north. According to combined palaeogeographical data and erosion rate calculations, the drainage pattern in the Danube Bend region was formed when Pleistocene tectonic movements resulted in river incision and sedimentary cover removal. Formation of the present curvature of the river was due to the exhumation of the horseshoe-shaped caldera as well as the surrounding resistant volcaniclastic successions (i.e. Visegrád Castle Hill) and a hilltop lava dome (Szent Mihály Hill). The process accelerated and the present narrow gorge of the Danube Bend was formed by very rapid, as young as late Quaternary differential tectonic uplift, also enhancing the original volcanic morphology. On the basis of comparative long-term erosion-rate calculations, we estimated successive elevation changes of the volcanic edifice, including partial burial in late Miocene time. In comparison with various order-of-magnitude changes, the mid-to-late Quaternary vertical movements show increased rates and/or base level drop in the Pannonian Basin.  相似文献   

Uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum seismic isolation system     

Panayiotis C. Roussis  Michael C. Constantinou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(5):577-593

This paper extends the scope of seismic isolation by introducing an innovative uplift‐restraining Friction Pendulum system. Termed the XY‐FP isolator, the new isolation device consists of two orthogonal opposing concave beams interconnected through a sliding mechanism that permits tension to develop in the bearing, thereby preventing uplift. Owing to its distinct configuration, the XY‐FP isolator possesses unique properties for a seismic isolator, including uplift restraint, decoupling of the bi‐directional motion along two orthogonal directions, and capability of providing independent stiffness and energy dissipation along the principal horizontal directions of the bearing. The study concentrates on introducing the concept and establishing the underlying principles of operation of the new XY‐FP isolator, formulating the mathematical model for the XY‐FP isolator, and presenting its mechanical behaviour through a displacement‐control testing program on a single XY‐FP isolator. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shaking table tests on seismic response of steel braced frames with column uplift     

Mitsumasa Midorikawa  Tatsuya Azuhata  Tadashi Ishihara  Akira Wada 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(14):1767-1785

Previous studies have suggested that rocking vibration accompanied by uplift motion might reduce the seismic damage to buildings subjected to severe earthquake motions. This paper reports on the use of shaking table tests and numerical analyses to evaluate and compare the seismic response of base‐plate‐yielding rocking systems with columns allowed to uplift with that of fixed‐base systems. The study is performed using half‐scale three‐storey, 1 × 2 bay braced steel frames with a total height of 5.3 m. Base plates that yield due to column tension were installed at the base of each column. Two types of base plates with different thicknesses are investigated. The earthquake ground motion used for the tests and analyses is the record of the 1940 El Centro NS component with the time scale shortened by a factor of 1/√2. The maximum input acceleration is scaled to examine the structural response at various earthquake intensities. The column base shears in the rocking frames with column uplift are reduced by up to 52% as compared to the fixed‐base frames. Conversely, the maximum roof displacements of the fixed and rocking frames are about the same. It is also noted that the effect of the vertical impact on the column associated with touchdown of the base plate is small because the difference in tensile and compressive forces is primarily due to the self‐limiting tensile force in the column caused by yielding of the base plate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西藏西北部旋风沟地区古近纪潜花岗斑岩的发现及意义     

钟华明  童劲松  夏军  鲁如魁 《安徽地质》2006,16(4):247-251,261

潜花岗班岩为火山颈相,其锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为32±0.2Ma。岩石具有富Al、Th和LREE特征,Eu负异常不明显,表明不是由基性浆演化而成,而是由加厚陆壳底部熔融形成的。结合区域构造、沉积记录和火山岩组合特征,潜花岗斑岩形成于大陆拉张环境。潜花岗斑岩年龄的确定制约了新生代沉积地层的年代,同时也为藏北地区陆内拉张时代的确定提供了依据。  相似文献   

青藏高原东部构造块体的运动学及形变特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

李建彪  甘卫军  冉勇康  陈立春 《地震工程学报》2006,28(2):97-103

通过分析青藏高原东部的活动断裂资料和GPS速度场数据,试图阐述活动地块的几何学、运动学和形变特征。初步认为:(1)第四纪特别是晚更新世以来的活动地块边界带与早期的构造单元边界密切相关,但也具有明显的新生性;(2)根据两种资料推导出的各个活动地块的运动学特征基本上是吻合的,其中鲜水河-玉树-玛尼断裂带是一条重要的分界线,其南、北部活动地块的运动方式差异明显;(3)除了活动地块的边界带强烈活动外,各个地块内部也显示出很强的变形;(4)晚更新世以来,青藏高原地壳的运动学和形变特征表现为在印度板块挤压力作用下,活动地块在向NE方向的运动过程中遇到稳定地块阻挡,调节方式是地壳增厚以及南、北部地块分别向SE-SSE和NWW-W方向的构造软弱部位水平侧向迁移。  相似文献   

西藏定日贡扎上白垩统锶同位素曲线及年代地层划分   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

石和  黄思静  孙治雷 《地层学杂志》2006,30(1):21-25

根据从西藏定日贡扎上白垩统剖面中未经蚀变的海相碳酸盐样品中获得的50个锶同位素测试数据建立了对应于地层厚度的锶同位素演化曲线,与W.H.Burke等(1982)对应于地质年代建立的锶同位素曲线的同时代部分进行了对比,两条曲线极为相似,显示了地质历史中古海洋中的锶同位素组成具有全球一致的演化规律,为定日贡扎上白垩统剖面的年代地层划分提供了依据,同时还讨论了定日贡扎地区晚白垩世地层划分对比中的一些问题。  相似文献   

西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带的形成与演化   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

黄圭成  莫宣学  徐德明  雷义均  李丽娟 《华南地质与矿产》2006,16(3):1-9

:该蛇绿岩带的岩体由地幔橄榄岩组成,主要岩石类型是方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,缺少典型蛇绿岩剖面中的洋壳单元.微量元素和稀土元素特征显示蛇绿岩形成于类似洋中脊的构造环境.笔者提出该区蛇绿岩来源于印度大陆北缘洋盆的洋壳碎片,这个陆缘洋盆与新特提斯洋主体的形成和演化准同步.洋盆的演化模式是:早三叠世,随着印度(冈瓦纳)大陆向南漂移,其北部边缘因引张裂解产生裂谷,于晚三叠世向东开口与新特提斯洋主体连通,洋盆初具洋壳性质,北侧形成阿依拉-仲巴微陆块.侏罗-白垩纪为洋盆洋壳演化期,处于类似洋中脊的构造环境.晚白垩世末洋盆开始闭合.在新特提斯洋板块向北俯冲消减过程中,阿依拉-仲巴微陆块、陆缘洋盆和印度大陆一起随着向北漂移,在印度大陆向北挤压作用下洋盆逐渐收缩以致最终闭合.  相似文献   

西藏及邻区地质灾害分布与发展趋势     

彭轩明  鄢道平  黄波林 《华南地质与矿产》2006,(3):61-69

西藏及邻区从地貌、晚新生代沉积物、岩石圈构造及地震活动性等方面与其它地区截然不同,构成了其独特的地质背景.研究表明,地质灾害的分布受地质背景和人类工程的控制与影响,不同的地域条件发育的地质灾害类型及程度具有不同的特点.通过对影响该区崩滑流地质灾害发展趋势的三个主要因素的分析,预测21世纪初期近二十年期间,该区崩滑流将进入一个高潮期.由于区域地下水位的持续下降和气候向干旱化发展,土地沙化、草场退化及多年冻土退化短期内将趋于恶化.  相似文献   

西藏日土县松西地区过铝质花岗岩的地球化学特征及构造背景     

钟华明  童劲松  鲁如魁  夏军 《地质通报》2006,(Z1)

西藏羌塘北部松西地区分布有白云母二长花岗岩,岩石以高Al、K和低Fe、Mg组分为特征,ANKC值平均1.16,大于1.1,属典型的过铝质花岗岩类。CaO/Na2O在0.257～0.516之间,平均0.386,地球化学特征显示其是泥质岩局部熔融所形成的。40Ar-39Ar年龄为101.42Ma±0.18Ma,形成时代为早白垩世晚期。它的出现标志着班公湖-怒江结合带闭合后继续向北发生陆内俯冲,是后碰撞构造环境形成的花岗岩。  相似文献