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1.
西藏日土县松西地区过铝质花岗岩的地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
西藏羌塘北部松西地区分布有白云母二长花岗岩,岩石以高Al、K和低Fe、Mg组分为特征,ANKC值平均1.16,大于1.1,属典型的过铝质花岗岩类.CaO/Na2O在0.257～0.516之间,平均0386,地球化学特征显示其是泥质岩局部熔融所形成的.40Ar-39Ar年龄为101.42Ma±0.18Ma,形成时代为早白垩世晚期.它的出现标志着班公湖-怒江结合带闭合后继续向北发生陆内俯冲,是后碰撞构造环境形成的花岗岩. 相似文献
2.
通过1∶5万马兰幅区域地质调查,首次在东泉戈壁地区发现了环斑花岗岩。东泉戈壁环斑花岗岩分布于南天山碰撞带中部,岩体以富含暗色细粒闪长质包体和具有特殊的环斑结构为特征。该花岗岩呈岩株状产出,岩石化学以较高的Al2O3(14.47%～15.44%)、K2O(3.93%～4.7%)和Na2O(3.4%～3.7%),富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,具有弱的δEu(平均为0.79)负异常等为特征,表现出与典型的板内奥长环斑花岗岩明显不同的地球化学特征。其形成时代为晚石炭世(305±1Ma),恰好是南天山洋盆向北俯冲碰撞造山末期阶段,据此认为东泉戈壁环斑花岗岩可能是一种造山带型环斑花岗岩,形成于板块碰撞后的抬升环境下的I型花岗岩。 相似文献
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印支地块晚二叠世弧后伸展:来自老挝川圹高原A型花岗岩的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
印支地块老挝地区的地质构造特征由于历史原因很少公开报道,基于最近的野外考察和室内测试,本文报道了老挝北部川圹高原A型花岗岩的岩石学、年代学及地球化学的特征,并进一步揭示古特提斯板块汇聚初期印支地块内部的伸展特性。Nuna花岗岩体3个花岗岩样品的U-Pb年龄为258.7±1.9 Ma、259.0±1.7Ma及251.0±0.9Ma。花岗岩富硅(SiO_2平均含量71.94%),富FeOT(2.91%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O平均含量9.2%,且K_2O含量高于Na_2O),贫镁(Mg O平均含量0.11%),富集轻稀土元素和Zr、Hf、Rb、Th和U等元素,亏损Sr、Eu和Ti、Ba等元素,以及较高的锆石饱和温度(平均927℃),显示A型花岗岩的性质特征。花岗岩全岩εNd(t)值和二阶Nd模式年龄分别位于-2.4~-2.1和1.20~1.22Ga之间,表明其岩浆源区主要为中元古代古老地壳。通过与印支地块陆壳增生事件的对比,作者认为Nuna A型花岗岩岩浆源区为中元古代古老地壳与少量幔源底侵形成的新生地壳的混合。Nuna花岗岩微量元素图解投点全部落入板内环境,结合其形成时代与区域构造岩浆演化历史,作者认为Nuna花岗岩形成于华南地块向西南俯冲于印支地块之下由于板片回撤引起的弧后伸展环境。 相似文献
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青海祁漫塔格虎头崖矿区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于青海东昆仑祁漫塔格构造带内的虎头崖矿区花岗岩形成于中—晚三叠世,岩性主要由黑云母二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩组成,局部含闪长质暗色包体。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.71%~77.67%;K2O含量平均为4.7%;Na2O+K2O为7.86%~9.1%;K2O/Na2O平均为1.36。A/CNK比为1.01,KN/A比为0.86,属于高钾钙碱性系列的微过铝质I型花岗岩类。∑REE含量中等,平均为120.10×10-6;δEu值0.04~0.47;(La/Yb)N值为1.52~8.06。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线显示Eu负异常、HREE较平坦的右倾"V"型特征。岩体富集LIL和HFS元素,而Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti、P元素明显的负异常。微量元素蛛网图和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解显示各花岗岩体具有相同的岩浆源区。结合区域地层岩性特征、A/MF-C/MF图解和岩体微量元素蛛网图,认为虎头崖矿区花岗岩是基性源区部分熔融和地壳物质混合的产物。结合地质特征、构造演化背景、元素判别图解等,认为该地区花岗岩类形成的构造环境为碰撞造山期后阶段。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(2)
为了解赣中金滩岩体黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩的岩石成因及其差异,探讨二云母花岗岩中铀的富集机制,利用电子探针对两类岩石中的黑云母进行了分析,并进行了岩相学和矿物化学研究。结果显示,黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母为镁质黑云母和铁质黑云母,二云母花岗岩中的黑云母为铁质黑云母。黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为660～722℃(平均692℃),二云母花岗岩的结晶温度为630～691℃(平均669℃);二云母花岗岩相对黑云母花岗岩具有更低的氧逸度条件,但二者都具有相当高的氟含量。综合黑云母化学成分和岩石地球化学特征,认为二云母花岗岩的源区富铀特征是导致铀富集并形成富铀花岗岩的物质前提,低温、低氧逸度和高F含量等物理化学条件是促使U富集的有利因素。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2017,(3)
黑龙江霍龙门地区位于兴蒙造山带东部的兴安地块和松嫩地块接触带上,区内花岗岩类以晚古生代花岗岩为主,岩性主要为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和二长闪长岩等。研究区的正长花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为294.8 Ma±1.8Ma,表明其形成于早二叠世,且在早三叠世(244.6 Ma±4.1 Ma)遭受了较弱的岩浆侵位事件的叠加影响。该时代岩石的主量元素具有高钾(K_2O质量分数平均为4.52%)、富钠(Na_2O质量分数平均为3.85%)、略富铝(Al_2O_3质量分数平均为13.73%)、低镁(MgO质量分数平均为0.21%)和贫磷(P_2O_5质量分数平均为0.06%)贫钙(CaO质量分数平均为0.61%)的特征;微量元素表现出Th,Zr,Nd,Rb明显富集,而Ba,Sr,P,Ti明显亏损;稀土元素具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的特征,有较明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均为0.49),轻重稀土元素分馏程度较强。岩石总体上属于高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩。花岗岩的R_1-R_2构造环境判别图解与微量元素Rb-Yb+Nb,Rb-Yb+Ta构造环境判别图解显示,该期发育的早二叠世花岗岩处于碰撞造山晚期向造山期后伸展的构造环境,结合区域北东向大量分布晚石炭世-早二叠世期间反映造山期后伸展环境的A型花岗岩的特征及本区所处的构造环境推测,研究区内早二叠世花岗岩应为兴安地块与松嫩地块北东向碰撞造山晚期向造山期后伸展拉张环境下岩浆侵位的产物。 相似文献
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滇西三江地区临沧花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束 总被引：21，自引：12，他引：9
位于滇西三江地区南澜沧江带的临沧花岗岩,其岩石类型主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,研究结果表明,该花岗岩的SiO2含量为66.84%～73.99%,平均为69.72%,K2O/Na2O值高,为1.42～30.1,平均为8.66,Al2O3含量为12.94%～15.23%,平均为14.44%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.06～8.59,平均为2.61,大部分大于1.1,为高钾钙碱性过铝-强过铝花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素。稀土总量198.2×10-6～359.2×10-6,平均为252.5×10-6,具有明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N为7.87～17.62,平均11.19,δEu为0.34～0.57,平均0.48,球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示明显的负Eu异常。两件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为219.19±0.99Ma和219.69±0.67Ma,属晚三叠世。SiO2-P2O5、SiO2-Zr判别图、K2O-Na2O判别图、ACF图解等花岗岩成因类型判别图指示临沧花岗岩为S型花岗岩,其物质来源为贫粘土的砂屑岩。微量元素Rb-Y+Nd判别图中,临沧花岗岩体投影点全部落入后碰撞花岗岩区。在Sr-Yb判别图中,投影点大部分落入低Sr高Yb型花岗岩区,与我国东南沿海花岗岩特征一致,应形成于挤压向伸展转换的后碰撞阶段。锆石Hf同位素组成比较均一,εHf(t)均为负值(集中于-14～-11之间),Hf地壳模式年龄集中于1.95～2.15Ga,推断其为古老地壳部分熔融的产物。结合锆石定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,我们认为临沧花岗岩形成于缅泰马陆块与思茅地块大陆碰撞造山过程的后碰撞阶段,应形成于晚三叠世。 相似文献
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高黎贡构造带属于冈底斯地块东缘,滇西高黎贡花岗岩是冈底斯构造活动重要的岩浆记录。对高黎贡构造带的勐连花岗岩体南段的蒲川花岗岩地球化学特征进行的研究表明,蒲川花岗岩主要属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性花岗岩,并表现出较强的过铝质特点;稀土元素配分模式曲线均表现为向右陡倾的LREE富集模式,具较弱的Eu负异常;花岗岩具后碰撞的特征,形成于主碰撞之后地壳向后碰撞-陆内转换的构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,蒲川花岗岩形成于早白垩世（128.9Ma±2.4Ma）,年龄、地球化学特征与高黎贡构造带北部和中部一致,其形成可能是滇西怒江带碰撞作用的岩浆响应。 相似文献
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高黎贡构造带属于冈底斯地块东缘,滇西高黎贡花岗岩是冈底斯构造活动重要的岩浆记录。对高黎贡构造带的勐连花岗岩体南段的蒲川花岗岩地球化学特征进行的研究表明,蒲川花岗岩主要属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性花岗岩,并表现出较强的过铝质特点;稀土元素配分模式曲线均表现为向右陡倾的LREE富集模式,具较弱的Eu负异常;花岗岩具后碰撞的特征,形成于主碰撞之后地壳向后碰撞-陆内转换的构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,蒲川花岗岩形成于早白垩世（128.9Ma±2.4Ma）,年龄、地球化学特征与高黎贡构造带北部和中部一致,其形成可能是滇西怒江带碰撞作用的岩浆响应。 相似文献
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企岭花岗岩位于粤北诸广山岩体南部的东、西两侧的结合部位,岩性为中粒黑云母花岗岩。元素和同位素地球化学研究表明,企岭花岗岩的主量元素特征是富硅(SiO_2平均为72.24%)、富铝(ACNK值平均为1.08)、钾大于钠(K_2O/Na_2O比值平均为1.86);微量元素特征是富集大离子元素Rb、Th、U和亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti;稀土元素特征是总量较高,配分模式呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显(δEu平均为0.28);同位素特征是ε_(Nd)(t)值低(-10.3~-12.0)、[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]i值较高(0.71387~0.72232)和Nd模式年龄古老(1782~1918Ma);源区成分以砂质岩为主。上述特征十分相似于南岭地区的S型花岗岩。由此可知,企岭花岗岩是在太平洋板块俯冲导致先存的大东山—诸广山断裂带重新复活的构造背景下,由古老地壳组分通过部分熔融的方式形成。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献