一次台风远距离作用下的西南低涡大暴雨个例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李强  刘德  王中  廖峻  翟丹华 《高原气象》2013,32(3):718-727

利用2009年8月2—5日发生在川渝地区一次远距离台风暴雨的实况降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了远距离台风作用下的水汽和温湿能输送特征;利用25点平滑算子方法研究了台风"天鹅"对此次暴雨影响系统——西南低涡作用下的中尺度特征。结果表明,此次大暴雨过程是在有利的环流背景下发生的,东移的高空槽耦合了西南低涡,远距离的台风"天鹅"使得西南低涡在川渝地区长时间维持,台风"天鹅"倒槽对低涡系统暖湿结构具有重要作用;在台风倒槽偏东气流驱动下,其携带的水汽和能量与西南低空急流输送的暖湿水汽汇合,构建了输送到低值系统附近的水汽和能量通道,增强了强降水区水汽和能量积聚效应,这种积聚效应促使低涡系统物理结构的维持;在台风倒槽顶部偏东气流动力作用下,促使低涡系统中低层正涡度增强,进一步促使垂直涡度增长,对低涡系统动力结构维持起到积极作用,进而促使低涡系统长时间维持,最终导致长时间强降水的发生。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Two Initialization Schemes for Simulating the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Lekima(2019)     

Donglei SHI  Guanghua CHEN  Ke WANG  Xinxin BI  Kexin CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):987-1006

Two different initialization schemes for tropical cyclone(TC) prediction in numerical models are evaluated based on a case study of Typhoon Lekima(2019). The first is a dynamical initialization(DI) scheme where the axisymmetric TC vortex in the initial conditions is spun up through the 6-h cycle runs before the initial forecast time. The second scheme is a bogussing scheme where the analysis TC vortex is replaced by a synthetic Rankine vortex. Results show that although both initialization schemes can help improve the simulated rapid intensification(RI) of Lekima, the simulation employing the DI scheme(DIS) reproduces better the RI onset and intensification rate than that employing the bogussing scheme(BOG).Further analyses show the cycle runs of DI help establish a realistic TC structure with stronger secondary circulation than those in the control run and BOG, leading to fast vortex spinup and contraction of the radius of maximum wind(RMW).The resultant strong inner-core primary circulation favors precession of the midlevel vortex under the moderate vertical wind shear(VWS) and thus helps vortex alignment, contributing to an earlier RI onset. Afterwards, the decreased vertical shear and the stronger convection inside the RMW support the persistent RI of Lekima in DIS. In contrast, the reduced VWS is not well captured and the inner-core convection is weaker and resides farther away from the TC center in BOG,leading to slower intensification. The results imply that the DI effectively improves the prediction of the inner-core process,which is crucial to the RI forecast.  相似文献   

An Examination of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in High-Resolution Coupled Models with Dynamically Downscaled Coupled Data Assimilation Initialization     

Mingkui LI  Shaoqing ZHANG  Lixin WU  Xiaopei LIN  Ping CHANG  Gohkan DANABASOGLU  Zhiqiang WEI  Xiaolin YU  Huiqin HU  Xiaohui MA  Weiwei MA  Haoran ZHAO  Dongning JIA  Xin LIU  Kai MAO  Youwei MA  Yingjing JIANG  Xue WANG  Guangliang LIU  Yuhu CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):939-950

Predicting tropical cyclone(TC) genesis is of great societal importance but scientifically challenging. It requires fineresolution coupled models that properly represent air-sea interactions in the atmospheric responses to local warm sea surface temperatures and feedbacks, with aid from coherent coupled initialization. This study uses three sets of highresolution regional coupled models(RCMs) covering the Asia-Pacific(AP) region initialized with local observations and dynamically downscaled coupled data assimilation to evaluate the predictability of TC genesis in the West Pacific. The APRCMs consist of three sets of high-resolution configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Regional Ocean Model System(WRF-ROMS): 27-km WRF with 9-km ROMS, and 9-km WRF with 3-km ROMS. In this study, a 9-km WRF with 9-km ROMS coupled model system is also used in a case test for the predictability of TC genesis. Since the local sea surface temperatures and wind shear conditions that favor TC formation are better resolved, the enhanced-resolution coupled model tends to improve the predictability of TC genesis, which could be further improved by improving planetary boundary layer physics, thus resolving better air-sea and air-land interactions.  相似文献   

热带气旋研究和业务预报进展—第九届世界气象组织热带气旋国际研讨会（IWTC-9）综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

端义宏  方娟  程正泉  徐晶  李青青  占瑞芬  钱传海  陈静  任福民 《气象学报》2020,78(3):537-550

2018年12月3—7日在美国夏威夷召开的第九届世界气象组织热带气旋国际研讨会对国际热带气旋研究和预报预警业务的近期进展进行了充分回顾,并对未来的发展方向进行了系统研讨。过去4年（2015—2018年）,在热带波动和对流对热带气旋生成的影响、复杂环境影响热带气旋路径转向的机理、对流和风垂直切变对热带气旋强度变化的作用机制、双眼墙形成和替换机理、热带气旋变性过程对环境条件的响应、热带气旋气候变化特征、热带气旋多平台观测技术等诸多方面的研究取得了显著进展。同时,在热带气旋生成概率预报、全球模式中热带气旋强度预报改进、热带气旋活动次季节业务预测技术发展以及热带气旋预报不确定性理论等方面也取得积极进展。在综述此次会议的相关议题后,简要讨论中国热带气旋研究和业务发展方向。   相似文献   

Tropical cyclone structure in the South China Sea based on high-resolution reanalysis data and comparison with that of ‘bogus’ vortices     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2020

Based on high-resolution reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, several samples of tropical cyclones (TCs), including tropical storms, severe tropical storms, and typhoons, in the South China Sea (SCS), were selected for composite analysis. The structures of these three types of vortices and their differences with ‘bogus’ vortices were investigated. Results showed that TCs in the SCS have characteristics that are distinctly different from vortices formed by the bogussing scheme used at Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, such as no anticyclone in higher layers, strong convergence concentrated at the bottom of the troposphere, and strong divergence happening in higher layers instead of at 400 hPa. These differences provide clues for constructing a more realistic structure for TCs in the SCS. It was also found that the three types of vortices have some structural features in common. The area with high wind speed is fan-shaped in the north around the TC center, the maximum vorticity appears at 925 hPa, the strongest convergence appears at 1000 hPa, and strong divergence is located from 150 to 100 hPa. On the contrary, significant differences between them were revealed. The warm cores in tropical storms, severe tropical storms, and typhoons are located at 600–400 hPa, 400−300 hPa, and 400−250 hPa, respectively. Among the three types of TCs, the bogus vortex of tropical storms has the largest errors in structure and suffers the largest errors in track forecasts. However, typhoons have the largest errors in the forecast of intensity. This may be related to the great impacts of ocean on TC intensity.  相似文献   

云凝结核浓度对不同强度南海热带气旋强度影响的个例模拟研究     

罗栩羽  夏冬  高斯  谭浩波 《热带气象学报》2020,36(4):518-527

利用云分辨天气研究和预报模式（CR-WRF）模拟在清洁大气和污染大气下,气溶胶的云凝结核作用对不同强度南海热带气旋（TC）的强度变化影响,对比分析了动力结构和微物理结构的变化。(1)在污染大气环境中,更多气溶胶能进入到弱TC内部云带区,并充当凝结核作用,TC内部各相态水凝物含量都有明显增多, 释放潜热有利于TC内部的对流发展,弱TC中心海平面气压下降,强度加强。（2）在污染大气环境中,气溶胶主要影响强TC的外部螺旋云带区;外部云带区各相态水凝物增多,释放潜热有利于该处对流的发展;外部云带区对流与云墙区内对流形成竞争,导致入流减弱,云墙区内上升运动减弱,强TC中心海平面气压上升,强度减弱。   相似文献   

积云对流参数化对东亚近海热带气旋活动模拟的影响     

辅天华  陈海山  曾智华  徐明 《热带气象学报》2020,36(2):254-262

基于CWRF高分辨率模式的模拟结果,探讨了8种积云对流参数化方案对1986—2015年间东亚近海热带气旋的路径、频数及强度模拟的影响。结果发现:采用Kain-Fritsch方案模拟的热带气旋活动的空间分布与JTWC统计结果最接近。KF方案模拟的热带气旋生成频数(强度)明显高(强)于其他积云对流参数化方案,而BMJ方案模拟的热带气旋生成频数(强度)明显低(弱)于其他积云对流参数化方案。进一步分析发现,采用优化集合积云参数化方案(ECP)模拟热带气旋频数、ACE指数以及PDI指数的年际变化趋势较好,而采用KF积云对流参数化方案对热带气旋空间分布、频数及强度的模拟总体最优。   相似文献   

“威马逊”（1409）降水水汽来源和源区定量贡献分析     

薛一迪  崔晓鹏 《大气科学》2020,44(2):341-355

利用拉格朗日轨迹追踪模式FLEXPART(the Flexible Particle Model)和水汽源区定量贡献分析方法,研究了超强台风"威马逊"登陆期间(2014年7月17日06:00至19日06:00,协调世界时)强降水的水汽来源和源区定量贡献。结果表明,大量目标气块源自目标降水区西南侧和东侧,西南侧气块可追溯到阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾等地区,且大部分气块来自相对较低层大气,高度在输送途中变化不大,来自东侧的气块可追溯到西太平洋海域,气块初始位置相对较高,在输送途中逐渐降低;源区定量贡献分析显示:南海区域(C)贡献最大,目标降水区域(T)局地贡献次之,孟加拉湾(B)和西太平洋南部区域(D)贡献相当且均低于区域T;区域C和T对"威马逊"登陆期间降水贡献较大源于其较高的源区水汽摄取率(尤其是区域C)和较低的沿途损耗率(尤其是区域T);区域B源地水汽摄取量高于区域D,但从前者摄取的水汽到达目标降水区域而未被释放的比例明显高于后者,同时,两者沿途损耗率相当,造成两者对目标降水区域的最终贡献也相当;尽管阿拉伯海区域(A)水汽摄取亦较明显,但由于沿途的显著消耗,导致其对目标降水区域的最终贡献显著降低。FLEXPART轨迹追踪模式和水汽源区定量贡献分析方法,与以往常用的环流和水汽通量进行定性分析相比,可更为清晰和定量地揭示热带气旋降水的水汽来源特征。  相似文献   

1951—2017年热带气旋对湖南降水的影响及环流异常特征分析     

廖玉芳  张剑明  郭凌曜 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(2):41-48

揭示热带气旋在湖南的降水规律可为热带气旋影响湖南的降水预报提供技术支撑。采用近67 a的热带气旋影响资料,通过统计方法,分析了影响湖南降水的热带气旋特点及环流异常特征。结果表明:7—9月是影响的高峰季节,以在广东、福建沿海登陆的热带气旋对湖南影响次数最多、程度最重,浙江、福建沿海登陆的热带气旋在湖南形成的降水范围最大,热带气旋对湖南影响所产生的降水主要集中在湖南省东南部,热带气旋对湖南产生的强降水范围有增大的趋势,降水强度有增强的趋势。福建和广东沿海登陆对湖南影响的热带气旋的环流特征为南亚高压偏强、偏东、偏北,导致西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏北,引导副热带高压南侧的东南气流与南海和菲律宾以东洋面的西南风气流汇合,形成季风槽,中国华南和华东沿海为东南气流,有利于热带气旋在该区域登陆影响中国。只是前者表现为南亚高压位置较后者偏北更明显,西太平洋副热带高压更偏北,季风槽更偏东,导致福建登陆对湖南影响的热带气旋在湖南大部为气旋性环流控制,湖南全省降水偏多;而广东登陆对湖南影响的热带气旋在湖南省东南部为气旋性环流控制,该区域降水偏多。  相似文献   

春季江淮气旋及影响的统计分析     

黄文彦  孙燕  卢楚翰  姚丽娜  雷正翠 《气象与环境科学》2020,43(1):43-51

以Lu[1]改进的温带气旋识别方法为基础,结合江苏省73个人工气象观测站的降水资料,统计分析了近35年来春季江淮气旋及其与江苏春季暴雨的关系。结果表明,近35年来,春季江淮气旋发生的次数呈现趋势性递减的变化,其源地主要集中在安徽西南部的大别山东侧和西北部的淮河上游平原。江淮气旋对沿江苏南的春季暴雨有重要影响,而对淮北地区暴雨的影响最弱,给江苏春季带来区域性暴雨的江淮气旋主要是介于中尺度和天气尺度之间的次天气尺度系统。引起淮北和江淮之间两个区域暴雨的江淮气旋源于皖、豫、鲁三省交界处的比例较高。春季江淮气旋造成的暴雨区主要位于气旋中心附近和气旋的南部。其中,淮北地区雨区主要位于气旋中心附近,沿江苏南的雨区在气旋中心和南部均有分布。气旋中心涡度和风速大小、低空西南急流的位置和水汽通量辐合的位置是暴雨落区差异的主要原因。  相似文献