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Laura Valentini Bruno Capaccioni Piermaria Luigi Rossi Roberto Scandone Damiano Sarocchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(9):1087-1101
In order to provide new information about the source area and depositional mechanisms of the Upper Member of the Neapolitan
Yellow Tuff (NYT), a prominent pyroclastic deposit of the Campi Flegrei Volcanic District (southern Italy), statistics on
directional fabric, by means of computer-assisted image analysis on 32 rock samples, were compiled. Seventeen samples were
collected along vertical direction on two selected exposures and fifteen were taken from outcrops widely distributed all around
the Campi Flegrei Volcanic District. Fabric measurements within the investigated successions reveal a vertically homogeneous
direction of the mean particle iso-orientation, with considerable variability in the strength of particle iso-orientation
even at cm-scale. The existence of particle iso-orientation can be related to continuous sedimentation from a concentrated
bedload region beneath suspension currents, producing massive or inversely graded beds by traction carpet sedimentation. The
considerable vertical variability in the strength of iso-orientation is the result of very unstable flow regimes, up to the
extreme condition of discrete depositional events, with a variable combination of traction carpet and/or direct suspension
sedimentation. The vertical homogeneity in the mean orientation values, found in the investigated sections, may derive from
the sequential deposition of laminae to thin beds, whose relatively flat upper surfaces were unable to significantly deflect
the depositional system of the following currents. According to the observed homogeneous mean particle orientation values
along the investigated vertical profiles, samples collected through areal distribution are considered representative of the
local paleo-flow directions of the whole deposit. The mean directions of the samples collected areally show two different
coherent patterns which point to the existence of two different source areas. The first, which includes all samples from the
northern outcrops, appears to converge in a narrow area about 2 km NE of the town of Pozzuoli, largely in coincidence with
the inferred area on the basis of the pumice fall distribution. The second, which includes samples from Capo Miseno and Posillipo
areas, points to the central part of the Pozzuoli Bay, about 4 km offshore the town of Pozzuoli. 相似文献
43.
曲靖茨营下第三系中-碱性凝灰岩在农业生产中的开发应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
曲靖市茨营乡茨营—蔡家冲一带分布着下第三系蔡家冲组的中—碱性凝灰岩 ,厚2 1— 2 4m ,分布面积 69 75× 10 4 m2 ,其含沸石 5 8% ,蒙脱石 10 68% ,ω (K2 O) =3 71% ,稀土总量ω (REO) =0 0 34 %。具吸附性、吸水性、膨胀性及阳离子交换性能 ,是一种新型的农用岩石。储量 3141× 10 4 t。笔者对其理化性质进行了详细研究 ,为该凝灰岩改土肥田的机制提供了理论依据 ,又通过对该凝灰岩的可利用的元素激活、释放原理及化工工艺的研究 ,开发形成了系列的该凝灰岩为载体的复混 (合 )肥。在烟草、蚕桑、土豆、水稻、玉米五种作物多组试验、示范 ,证明系列凝灰岩复合肥肥效优于同营养成分的其他肥料 相似文献
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Over the past decade, land development activities on hillsides in northern Utah have resulted in a significant increase in
landslide activity throughout the region. The majority of recent landslides are shallow and they occurred on cut gentle slopes
especially during spring and early summer due to snowmelt induced elevated groundwater tables. The geologic material documented
at numerous landslide sites is a soft gray-green completely decomposed Norwood Tuff. The present study addresses the mechanism
of a shallow landslide in completely decomposed Norwood Tuff based on field, laboratory and numerical investigations. Detailed
slope surface geometry obtained from laser-scan surveys together with strength and stress–strain parameters derived from laboratory
triaxial tests on undisturbed samples of completely decomposed Norwood Tuff collected from the landslide site are employed
with finite-element modeling to examine the effects of ground surface deformation patterns on the yielding behavior of the
slide mass. The numerical results indicate a gradual retreat of the yield zone with progressive landslide deformation, which
eventually becomes concentrated within the accumulation zone of the landslide, compared to a well-developed yield zone within
the entire slide mass at the onset of landslide movement. Limit equilibrium stability analyses along potential sliding surfaces
of extent limited within the yield zone of the displaced slide mass produce lower safety factors than an analysis based on
the original sliding surface comprising the entire slide mass. 相似文献
46.
新疆西准噶尔包古图组凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义 总被引：27，自引：12，他引：15
西准噶尔地区出露巨厚层的下石炭统火山-沉积岩,包括太勒古拉组、包古图组和希贝库拉斯组,前人主要通过生物化石来确定各组之间的层位关系,并存在争论。本文对包古图金矿区包古图组中3个蚀变凝灰岩样品开展的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究表明,凝灰岩的年龄分别为328.4Ma（MSWD=0.72）、342.6Ma（MSWD=0.76）和336.5Ma（MSWD=1.6）。结合太勒古拉组年代学数据和下石炭统火山-沉积地层的分布关系,确定西准噶尔下石炭统火山-沉积地层从下到上依次为：希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组。 相似文献
47.
Kuroko and Hydrocarbon Deposits from Northern Honshu,Japan: A Possible Common Hydrothermal/Magmatic Origin? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geoffrey P. Glasby Toshiro Yamanaka Junji Yamamoto Hiroshi Sato Kenji Notsu 《Resource Geology》2004,54(4):413-424
Abstract. Northern Honshu is the most important area for mineral and oil resources in Japan. Many kuroko deposits and oil and gas fields are distributed in two belts along the northeast Japan arc, the kuroko metal‐belt on the Pacific side and the oil‐belt on the Sea of Japan side. The kuroko deposits are located mainly in the Green Tuff strata which formed as a result of submarine vol‐canism during the late Miocene and Pliocene. Most of the source rocks of the oil and gas deposits formed at the same time as the kuroko deposits and some of them are located in reservoirs of hydrothermally‐altered volcanic rocks in the Green Tuff region. There is general agreement that the kuroko deposits formed as a result of submarine hydrothermal and magmatic activity whereas almost all petroleum geologists and geochemists consider that hydrocarbon deposits were generated independently of such activity. Since the discovery of hydrothermally‐generated petroleum in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, however, it is clear that petroleum can be formed almost instantaneously in terrestrial and submarine hydrothermal areas. The paleo‐northeastern Sea of Japan is therefore considered to be a potential area for hydrothermal petroleum generation because thick organic‐rich sediments overlie an active submarine volcanic area. Several lines of geological and geochemical evidence suggest the possibility of hydrothermally‐enhanced maturation of organic matter and the contribution of magmatic activity to the formation of these deposits. Although most of the oil and gas in northern Honshu has been generated conventionally as a consequence of the high geothermal gradients there, it appears that some of the oil and gas fields may have formed as a result of extensive hydrothermal and magmatic activity during the late Miocene to Pliocene. Because of the much steeper angle of the faults in the vicinity of the Hokuroku basin than in the Akita basin, the magmatic contribution to the kuroko mineralization would have been far greater than to the oil and gas deposits of the Niigata and Akita basins. We therefore propose a strong relationship between metal and oil and gas generation in northern Honshu based on the structure and tectonics of the northern Honshu arc‐backarc system. 相似文献
48.
The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) erupted during a moderate-volume explosive rhyolitic event approximately 161 ka from a source
south of Kos in the eastern Aegean sea. Six major stratigraphic units have been identified, from A at the base, to F, uppermost.
Unit A is a widespread vitric ash fall layer that is thickest (1.5 m), and most extensive, southeast of the source. Unit B
is a 1- to 2-m-thick, low-angle cross-stratified armoured pumice lapilli and ash layer found on Kos. Unit C resembles unit
B but includes a greater abundance of lithic lapilli, less fine ash, is only diffusely stratified and is on Kos and west of
the source. Unit D includes a sequence of three non-welded, 1- to 20-m-thick ignimbrites that extend radially >38 km from
the source in areas of low topography. Unit E is a sequence of two non-welded, 3- to 8-m-thick ignimbrites which occur radially
from the vent regardless of topography, >64 km from source. Unit F has a 6-m-thick, basal, low-angle cross-stratified armoured
pumice lapilli and ash part probably deposited radially from source. The upper part of unit F is a widespread >1-m-thick vitric
ash fall layer, found to at least 50 km from the source. These six units represent a change in eruptive conditions from initial
and final phreatomagmatic activity depositing fallout and internally stratified pyroclastic density current deposits to "dry"
explosive during the more intense phases of the eruption which generated ignimbrites.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 14 January 1999 相似文献
49.
Yusuke Sawaki Manabu Nishizawa Takeshi Suo Tsuyoshi Komiya Takafumi Hirata Naoto Takahata Yuji Sano Jian Han Yoshiaki Kon Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):148
The Precambrian/Cambrian (PC/C) boundary is one of the most important intervals for the evolution of life, represented by prominent biological evolution from the first appearance of soft-bodied animals from the late Neoproterozoic to the sudden diversification of animals with mineralized skeletons in the Cambrian. In South China several areas contain many fossils and are well exposed, suitable for the investigation of PC/C boundary. However, geochronological relationships are still poorly known because of lack of combined detailed investigations of internal structures of zircons and in-situ U–Pb dating.We focus on the internal structure of zircons from a tuff layer within Bed 5 in the Meishucun section on which we undertook cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and in-situ U–Pb dating with LA-ICP-MS and nano-SIMS. Over 600 zircons from the tuff layer were classified into three types based on their CL images: oscillatory rims, inherited cores and dull structures. U–Pb dating of the internal structure of the zircons by LA-ICP-MS clearly shows a distinct unimodal age population dependent on the structure: 531 ± 17 Ma for the oscillatory rims and 515 Ma for the dull structures. The clear oscillatory zonation, the prismatic morphology, and their occurrence indicate that the oscillatory rims were formed from felsic magmatism, and that the U–Pb nano-SIMS age of 536.5 ± 2.5 Ma records the depositional age of the tuff. Our results indicate that the PC/C boundary is situated below Bed 5, and therefore the bottom of Zone 1 (Marker A) is more appropriate for the PC/C boundary than is the top of Zone 1 (Marker B). The age of a positive anomaly (P2) in the early Cambrian is estimated to be ca. 536 Ma. 相似文献
50.
This study focuses on the upper part, Member B, of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT). Detailed measurements of stratigraphic sections within the unlithified pozzolana facies show that Member B is composed of at least six distinct depositional units which each record a complex fluctuation between different styles of deposition from pyroclastic density flows. Six lithofacies have been identified: (1) massive valleyponded facies, the product of non-turbulent flows; (2) inverse-graded facies formed by flows that were turbulent for the majority of transport but were deposited through a non-tubulent basal regime; (3) regressive sand-wave facies, the product of high-concentration, turbulent flows; (4) stratified facies, the product of deposition from turbulent, low-particle-concentration, flows; (5) particle aggregate and (6) vesicular ash lithofacies, both of which are considered to have formed by deposition from turbulent, low-concentration flows. Although the whole eruption may have been phreatomagmatic, facies 1–4 are interpreted to be the product of dry eruptive activity, whereas facies 5 and 6 are considered to be of wet phreatomagmatic eruptive phases. Small-scale horizontal variations between facies include inverse-graded lithofacies that pass laterally into regressive sand-wave structures and stratified deposits. This indicates rapid transition from non-turbulent to turbulent deposition within the same flow. Thin vesicular ash and particle aggregate layers pass laterally into massive valley-ponded vesicular lithofacies, suggesting contemporaneous wet pyroclastic surges and cohesive mud flows. Three common vertical facies relations were recognised. (1) Massive valley-ponded and inverse-graded facies are overlain by stratified facies, suggesting decreasing particle concentration with time during passage of a flow. (2) Repeated vertical gradation from massive up into stratified facies and back into massive beds, is indicative of flow fluctuating between non-turbulent and turbulent depositional conditions. (3) Vertical alternation between particle aggregates and vesicular facies is interpreted as the product of many flow pulses, each of which involved deposition of a single particle aggregate and vesicular ash layer. It is possible that the different facies record stages in a continuum of flow processes. The deposits formed are dependent on the presence, thickness and behaviour of a high-concentration, non-turbulent boundary layer at the base of the flow. The end members of this process are (a) flows that transported and deposited material from a non-turbulent flow regime and (b) flows that transported and deposited material from a turbulent flow regime. 相似文献