从哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件论古/中元古代的界限   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

耿元生  旷红伟  杜利林  柳永清  赵太平 《岩石学报》2019,35(8):2299-2324

国际前寒武纪地层表中始终把古/中元古代的界线置于1. 6Ga,我国则一直将这一界线置于1. 8Ga。存在认识分歧的根本原因是对1. 8Ga前后时期地质事件及其性质的理解与认识的差异或偏颇。本文通过阐述1. 8～1. 6Ga期间地质事件及其性质,重点分析和讨论古/中元古代(界)界限的划分及相关地质事件的标志与意义。大量的地质资料显示,超大陆从1. 8～1. 75Ga开始裂解,形成一系列的陆内盆地,如北美(劳伦古陆)的Thelon盆地、澳大利亚北部的Leichhardt超级盆地、南美巴西圣弗兰西斯科盆地、华北南缘的熊耳裂谷盆地以及扬子地块西南缘的东川盆地等。在这些盆地形成的早期沉积了冲积扇相、河流相的碎屑岩,之后伴有较广泛的火山岩喷发,中晚期从河流相、湖相碎屑岩沉积过渡到浅海碳酸盐台地沉积,反映一个拉伸裂解的过程。在复原的哥伦比亚超大陆内,广泛分布有1. 78～1. 72Ga的非造山花岗岩,包括AMCG组合(斜长岩、纹长二长岩、紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩)、环斑花岗岩、A型花岗岩等,以及广泛分布的基性岩墙群。这些岩浆岩都反映了拉伸裂解的地球动力学背景。在1. 8～1. 6Ga,不论是沉积事件还是岩浆事件,绝大部分与超大陆的拉伸裂解有关,并未显示造山作用、大陆固结和克拉通化的特点,用固结纪来概括这一阶段地质事件的性质并不合适。哥伦比亚超大陆上的许多盆地在1. 6Ga左右经历了一次广泛的抬升,使沉积作用短时间间断,之后原有盆地继续发展,接受了更广泛的沉积,这种沉积作用可以一直延续到1. 4～1. 3Ga左右。与裂解有关的岩浆事件也以幕式方式从1. 78Ga一直断续持续到1. 4～1. 32Ga左右。从1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)到1. 4～1. 3Ga,不论是盆地的沉积事件还是与裂解有关的岩浆事件,基本是连续的。以1. 6Ga作为年代界线划分古/中元古代,人为地隔断了连续的沉积事件和岩浆事件,显然与"尽可能少地截断沉积作用、火成侵位或造山运动的主要序列"的前寒武纪地层划分原则相悖。连续的裂谷盆地沉积事件和非造山岩浆事件可以追溯到1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)。因此,我们建议将古/中元古代的界线置于1. 8Ga或1. 78Ga。考虑到裂谷作用的本质是在已有超大陆或克拉通的基础上盖层的发育过程,因此我们建议将～1. 8Ga或1. 78～1. 4Ga都归入盖层系。  相似文献   

南海大洋钻探及海洋地质与地球物理前沿研究新突破   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

林间  李家彪  徐义刚  孙珍  夏少红  黄小龙  解习农  李春峰  丁巍伟  周志远  张帆  罗怡鸣 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):125-140

南海是西太平洋地区规模最大且具有代表性的边缘海盆地之一。经过近几十年的研究积累，尤其是通过实施5个国际大洋钻探航次(1999–2018年)与国家自然科学基金委“南海深海过程演变”重大研究计划(2011–2019年)，我国科学家获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料，取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破，标志着南海海洋地质与地球物理研究正走向国际前沿。重要研究成果包括:(1)新提出南海是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型陆缘模式不同；(2)大洋钻探首次获取了基底玄武岩样品，结合中国在南海首次深拖地磁测量实验，精确测定了南海海盆玄武岩年龄，揭示南海海盆从东向西分段扩张；(3)大洋钻探结果发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初岩浆迅速出现，未发现缓慢破裂造成的蛇纹岩出露；(4)发现南海扩张结束后仍存在大量岩浆活动，可能受控于多种构造与地幔因素；(5)地球化学证据与地球动力学模拟都显示南海岩浆的形成受到周边俯冲带的影响。目前我国的海洋地球科学正在进入崭新的发展阶段，有望以南海为基点，开始拓展到周边大洋，通过主导大型研究计划以及建设我国大洋钻探平台，以提升我国在南海、西太平洋与印度洋海洋地质科学研究的实质性影响力与引领地位。  相似文献   

The structure,depositional style and accumulation characteristics of continental margin with diachronous breakup in the northern South China Sea     

Yunfan Zhang  Jiangyang Zhang  Lijie Wang 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1006-1018

ABSTRACT

A typical diachronous breakup developed in the South China Sea (SCS); the breakup has been unequivocally identified, and gradually decreases in age from NE to SW. To illustrate the influence of a diachronous breakup on hydrocarbon accumulation, we used seismic profiles from CNOOC, and analysed crustal extension characteristics, sedimentary style and source rock accumulation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Because of the diachronous breakup in the SCS, various tectonic units developed in different positions on the northern continental margin with different degrees of extension. The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is closer to the central sea basin of the SCS and has been affected by regional tension stress for a longer time. Tectonic units of proximal domain, necking zone, and distal margin types developed, and the crust structure thinned from the land towards the sea. The Qiongdongnan Basin (QB) is closer to the Southwest Sub-basin. There are symmetrical proximal domains on the southern and northern sides of the QB, with a necking zone in the central part. It presents as an abandoned passive continental margin. (2) The PRMB exhibited rifted cells first, followed by canyon type extensional faulting and horizontal axial transportation, and then by a longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary style. But the QB has only rifted cells and canyon type faulting stages, no longitudinal shelf-slope sedimentary stage. The major source rocks in the northern SCS become younger from east to west, and the sedimentary facies change from lacustrine facies to marine-continental transitional facies. (3) The diachronous breakup process ultimately affecting oil and gas migration and accumulation process. The PRMB is dominated by deep-water shelf break accumulation with deep-water fan reservoir bodies. The QB is dominated by canyon type accumulation with channels.  相似文献   

开河期冰盖横向冰缝形成机理   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

茅泽育  赵雪峰  胡应均  刘颖 《水科学进展》2009,20(4):572-577

春季随着流量或水位增加,冰盖底部受水流上举力作用发生弯曲,首先在岸壁附近形成纵向冰缝,破坏冰盖与岸壁的冻结,导致冰盖体中间部分与岸壁脱落分离。采用弹性基础梁的理论及计算方法,通过对冰盖体弯矩及弯曲应力分析,针对平面弯曲和垂直弯曲两种弯曲形式导致冰盖体横向冰缝形成机理进行了研究,并提出了横向冰缝间距的计算表达式。计算结果得到了实测资料的验证。研究结果表明,横向冰缝间距与开河初期冰盖宽度、厚度、冰的抗弯强度及地貌特征有关。  相似文献   

西准噶尔南部晚古生代侵入岩特征和构造背景   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

党飞鹏  王居里  杨猛  宋子升 《地质与资源》2011,20(6):440-451

西准噶尔地区南部达拉布特断裂两侧广泛发育晚古生代花岗岩类,其锆石U-Pb年龄范围为337~276 Ma,属早石炭世-早二叠世.基于前人相关研究资料和成果,总结区内花岗岩类的岩石学、地球化学特征,认为：①岩石类型从早到晚由中性的闪长岩向酸性的花岗岩及碱长花岗岩转变.相应地,成因类型由埃达克岩质花岗岩→岛弧I型花岗岩→A型花岗岩.②岩石系列从早到晚由钙碱性向高钾钙碱性及后期钾玄岩系列转变.相应地,Na₂O/K₂O比值亦由大于1向小于1转变.③从早到晚区内花岗岩类的∑REE、δEu、L/H及Sr、Yb含量均呈规律性变化.并且相对富集LILE,亏损HFSE和不同程度亏损Nb、Ta.④均具有高正εNd（t）、低（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i值和Nd模式年龄较小的特征.⑤在构造环境判别图解上,区内花岗岩从早到晚显示出由碰撞挤压向后碰撞伸展体制转换的趋势.上述几点说明区内花岗岩可能主要产出于后碰撞挤压-伸展转换和伸展拉张的构造背景,并且早阶段的岩浆活动可能与俯冲-碰撞背景下的俯冲板片断离密切相关.  相似文献   

水电工程坝基岩体溶蚀程度对坝体不均匀沉降影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周洪福  韦玉婷 《工程地质学报》2011,19(1):122-128

水电站坝基岩体发生溶蚀以后会对大坝的稳定性带来较大的影响,本文以工程实例为依托,利用三维数值分析技术,分析计算了坝基岩体不同溶蚀程度对坝体不均匀沉降的影响.结果表明:当坝基岩体强烈溶蚀、中等溶蚀、轻微溶蚀以后,坝顶处的最大位移分别达到10cm、5.5cm、4cm.坝基岩体溶蚀程度越高,坝体各处不均匀沉降的程度越严重.在...  相似文献   

Thermal history of the Rio Muni (West Africa)–NE Brazil margins during continental breakup     

Jonathan P. Turner  Paul F. Green  Simon P. Holford  Stephen R. Lawrence 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,270(3-4):354-367

We document the thermal record of breakup of the conjugate Rio Muni (West Africa) and NE Brazil margins using apatite fission track analysis, vitrinite reflectance data and stratigraphic observations from both margins. These results permit determination of the timing of four cooling episodes, and the temperature of samples at the onset of each episode. All samples are interpreted to have experienced higher temperatures in the geological past due to i) elevated basal heatflow (palaeogeothermal gradient in Rio Muni-1 well decaying from 58 °C/km during the Mid Cretaceous to 21.5 °C/km in the Late Cenozoic) and ii) progressive exhumation from formerly greater burial depth. A well constrained history of changing palaeogeothermal gradient allows for much more precise quantification of the thickness of eroded section (exhumation) than if a constant heatflow is assumed. Cooling episodes identified from the palaeotemperature data at 110–95 Ma (both margins) and 85–70 Ma (Rio Muni only) coincide with major unconformities signifying, respectively, the cessation of rifting (breakup) and compressional shortening that affected the African continent following the establishment of post-rift sedimentation (drift). The interval between these separate unconformities is occupied by allochthonous rafts of shallow-water carbonates recording gravitational collapse of a marginal platform. The rift shoulder uplift that triggered this collapse was enhanced by local transpression associated with the obliquely divergent Ascension Fracture Zone, and thermal doming due to the coeval St Helena and Ascension Plumes. The data also reveal a c.45–35 Ma cooling episode, attributed to deep sea erosion at the onset of Eo-Oligocene ice growth, and a c.15–10 Ma episode interpreted as the record of Miocene exhumation of the West African continental margin related to continent-wide plume development. Integration of thermal history methods with traditional seismic- and stratigraphy-based observations yields a dynamic picture of kilometre-scale fluctuations in base level through the breakup and early drift phases of development of these margins. Major unconformities at ocean margins are likely to represent composite surfaces recording not only eustasy, but also regional plate margin-generated deformation, local ‘intra-basinal’ reorganization, and the amplifying effect of negative feedbacks between these processes.  相似文献   

五台山区太古宙/元古宙界线划分及其地球演化意义     

李江海  牛向龙  钱祥麟  田永清 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(4):409-418

太古宙/元古宙界线代表地球演化历史上的重大事件,如何准确标定和划分这一界线对认识早期演化历史具有重要意义。区域构造及同位素地质年代学研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代构造演化明显滞后于欧美澳等克拉通,成为有利于建立太古宙/元古宙界线的关键地区。山西五台山区保留了较完整的新太古代-古元古代地层记录。先前研究主要依据该区地层、区域构造、叠层石记录进行界线划分,并对界线争议较多。本文在五台山区长期野外研究的基础上,通过对磨拉石沉积、同构造花岗岩、裂解环境相关玄武岩的综合探讨,建议这一界线划分在东冶亚群与豆村亚群之间。初步的同位素年龄制约表明,这一界线的时代介于2549±22Ma到2450±10Ma之间,与早期大陆克拉通伸展裂解、隆升剥蚀相关,并涉及岩石圈、水圈、大气圈性质的重大变化。  相似文献   

Middle-high latitude N2O distributions related to the Arctic vortex breakup     

周立波  邹捍  郜永褀 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):215-223

The relationship of N2O distributions with the Arctic vortex breakup is first analyzed with a probability distribution function （PDF） analysis. The N2O concentration shows different distributions between the early and late vortex breakup years. In the early breakup years, the N2O concentration shows low values and large dispersions after the vortex breakup, which is related to the inhomogeneity in the vertical advection in the middle and high latitude lower stratosphere. The horizontal diffusion coefficient （Kyy） shows a larger value accordingly. In the late breakup years, the N2O concentration shows high values and more uniform distributions than in the early years after the vortex breakup, with a smaller vertical advection and Kyy after the vortex breakup. It is found that the N2O distributions are largely affected by the Arctic vortex breakup time but the dynamically defined vortex breakup time is not the only factor.  相似文献   

Rift fault geometry and evolution in the Cretaceous Potiguar Basin (NE Brazil) based on fault growth models     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

We investigated the Cretaceous Potiguar Basin in the Equatorial margin of Brazil to understand how the geometry of major faults evolved to form the basin internal architecture. Previous studies pointed out that the rift is an asymmetrical half-graben elongated along the NE-SW direction. We used 2D seismic, well logs and 3D gravity modeling to analyze faults that constitute the rift boundary and determine their maximum displacement (D_max) and length (L) ratio in the Potiguar Rift. We constrained the 3D gravity modeling with well data and the interpretation of seismic sections. The difference of the fault displacement and depth of the basement obtained in the gravity model is in the order of 10% compared to seismic and well data. The fault-growth curves allowed us to divide the faulted rift border into four main fault systems, which provide roughly similar D_max/L ratios. Fault-growth curves suggest that a regional uniform tectonic mechanism influenced growth of these faults. These fault systems are composed of minor faults that we define as segments. The variation of the displacements along the fault segments indicates that the fault systems were formed independently during rift initiation and were linked by hard and soft linkages. The latter formed relay ramps. In the interconnection zones the D_max/L ratios are highest due to interference of fault segment motions. We divided the evolution of the Potiguar Rift into five stages based on these ratios and correlated them with the major tectonic stages of the breakup between South America and Africa in the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献