EM120型多波束测深系统及在深海测量中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

赖仲淄  方兆宝  陈金火 《海洋测绘》2006,26(2):52-54

与传统的单波束回声测深仪相比,多波束测深系统具有水深全覆盖无遗漏扫测,测量范围大、速度快,测深精度和分辨率高,记录数字化和实时自动绘图等优点。介绍了EM120型多波束测深系统深水系统的技术性能,分析了EM120在中沙深海区的测量试验情况及在深海区水深测量中的应用价值,提出了存在问题及其对策。  相似文献   

Moving from plot-based to hillslope-scale assessments of savanna vegetation structure with long-range terrestrial laser scanning (LR-TLS)     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Reliable quantification of savanna vegetation structure is critical for accurate carbon accounting and biodiversity assessment under changing climate and land-use conditions. Inventories of fine-scale vegetation structural attributes are typically conducted from field-based plots or transects, while large-area monitoring relies on a combination of airborne and satellite remote sensing. Both of these approaches have their strengths and limitations, but terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as the benchmark for vegetation structural parameterization – recording and quantifying 3D structural detail that is not possible from manual field-based or airborne/spaceborne methods. However, traditional TLS approaches suffer from similar spatial constraints as field-based inventories. Given their small areal coverage, standard TLS plots may fail to capture the heterogeneity of landscapes in which they are embedded. Here we test the potential of long-range (>2000 m) terrestrial laser scanning (LR-TLS) to provide rapid and robust assessment of savanna vegetation 3D structure at hillslope scales. We used LR-TLS to sample entire savanna hillslopes from topographic vantage points and collected coincident plot-scale (1 ha) TLS scans at increasing distances from the LR-TLS station. We merged multiple TLS scans at the plot scale to provide the reference structure, and evaluated how 3D metrics derived from LR-TLS deviated from this baseline with increasing distance. Our results show that despite diluted point density and increased beam divergence with distance, LR-TLS can reliably characterize tree height (RMSE = 0.25–1.45 m) and canopy cover (RMSE = 5.67–15.91%) at distances of up to 500 m in open savanna woodlands. When aggregated to the same sampling grain as leading spaceborne vegetation products (10–30 m), our findings show potential for LR-TLS to play a key role in constraining satellite-based structural estimates in savannas over larger areas than traditional TLS sampling can provide.  相似文献   

姿态修正技术在黄河河口测验中的应用     

宋中华  田慧  王静 《测绘通报》2020,(11):120-123

为了解决黄河三角洲附近海区测验中测船姿态对单波束数字测深数据的影响,本文利用姿态传感器对测船的姿态进行了有效改正。试验结果表明,姿态修正技术对数字测深仪瞬时水深进行改正后,其测深结果与传统的人工水深曲线改正后成果比较,中误差为0.089 m,试验段面0 m线以下面积相差不超过0.22%,符合国家规范要求,提高了海区测验中测深成果的精度,为数字技术在海区测量的应用提供了技术保证。  相似文献   

荒漠绿洲湿地土壤水热盐动态过程及其影响机制     

孟阳阳  刘冰  刘婵 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):149-160

以甘肃临泽荒漠绿洲湿地为研究对象,通过对土壤温度、含水量、电导率及蒸散量的野外观测,在植物生长期和冻融期分别深入分析水热盐耦合运移过程及其影响因素,探讨水热梯度对盐分运移及其分布格局的控制作用。结果表明：土壤温度整体呈现出春夏季逐渐升高、秋冬季降低趋势。在冻结期,土壤表现为脱盐状态,表层电导率由2.8 mS·cm^-1降到1.2 mS·cm^-1;而在消融期为积盐状态,表层电导率由1.2 mS·cm^-1升到3.7 mS·cm^-1。在生长期,土壤含水量和电导率波动较为剧烈,表层含水量27%~43%,表层电导率3~5.5 mS·cm^-1,土壤脱盐、积盐反复出现。全年蒸散量总体呈单峰变化趋势,年蒸散量507 mm;土壤电导率与蒸散量呈正比关系,与地下水位呈负相关关系;蒸散发作用是土壤表层积盐的主要驱动力,而地下水波动影响着湿地脱盐、洗盐过程。因此,荒漠绿洲湿地土壤盐分累积过程是水分运移和热量传输过程发生变化的结果。  相似文献   

Temporal variation of modulated-wave-train geometries and their influence on vertical bending moments of a container ship     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A towing experiment was conducted using a modulated wave train to investigate the vertical bending responses of a hydro-structural container ship model. In the experiment, a spatially periodic modulated wave train, as a model of a freak wave in successive high waves mimicking the so-called three sisters, was generated by the recently established higher-order spectral method wave generation (HOSM-WG) method. HOSM-WG enables us to control the location and timing of the maximum crest height in a wave tank. With precise control of the towing carriage, an experiment was conducted in which the timing of the encounters between the ship model and the modulated wave train was accurately determined. The maximum sagging moment (SM) was found to increase in proportion with the encounter wave height. However, because of differences in the relative depth of the fore and aft troughs, the maximum SM is highly variable for a given wave height. The temporal wave-geometry evolution caused the relative trough-depth to vary significantly within a wave period in the vicinity of the maximum crest height. As a result, depending on the encounter timing, the SM varied considerably for a given wave height. The temporal variation of the wave geometry is a robust feature of a modulated wave train and is common between the spatially periodic and temporally periodic modulated wave trains.  相似文献   

Semi-analytical solution for the water wave diffraction by arrays of truncated circular cylinders in front of a vertical wall     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The present study investigates the combined wave field that is induced by the continuous interaction of plane waves with an array of truncated circular cylinders in front of a rigid wall. The long-term goal of the study is the investigation of possible increase in the efficiency of cylindrical Wave Energy Converters (WECs) by putting in the vicinity of the array a barrier to propagation, a wall, that could assist the reflection of the incoming waves. The main task is to develop a generic solution method that is free of conceptual simplifications employed, e.g. by the method of images and the assumption of “pure” wave reflection. To cope with the set task, the proposed method relies on the semi-analytical formulation of the velocity potentials, while the solution is sought by combined expressions that involve polar and elliptical harmonics. The wall is represented as an elliptical cylinder with zero semi-minor axis. This assumption has eventually a beneficial effect to the underlying formulation given that it simplifies significantly the expansions of the involved diffraction potentials.  相似文献   

顾及周期性误差修正的加权平均温度模型构建     

臧建飞  彭秀英  胡卓  崔凯  宫雅文  范士杰 《测绘科学》2019,44(8):149-153,160

针对目前多数大气加权平均温度(Tm)模型没有考虑季节性影响这一问题,该文首先利用IGRA 2005-2010年全球探空数据,分别建立了各探空站点与地表温度有关的线性Tm模型、与地表水汽压有关的指数Tm模型以及与地表温度和水汽压均有关的混合Tm模型。然后以探空站积分Tm值为参考,对上述3类模型的误差时间序列进行了分析,发现这3种模型均存在周期性误差,并在此基础上构建了考虑周期性误差修正的3类Tm新模型。利用2011-2014年全球探空数据对3类新模型进行精度验证,结果表明:3类Tm新模型的精度相比于原模型均有所提升,模型的周期性误差影响基本得以消除,且3类Tm新模型的精度基本一致。  相似文献   

Application of a vanishing, quasi-sigma, vertical coordinate for simulation of high-speed, deep currents over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy  Steven L. Morey  Paul J. Martin  James J. O&#x;Brien  Cortis Cooper 《Ocean Modelling》2009,28(4):250-265

Recent observations over the Sigsbee Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed extremely energetic deep currents (near 1 m s⁻¹), which are trapped along the escarpment. Both scientific interest and engineering needs demand dynamical understanding of these extreme events, and can benefit from a numerical model designed to complement observational and theoretical investigations in this region of complicated topography. The primary objective of this study is to develop a modeling methodology capable of simulating these physical processes and apply the model to the Sigsbee Escarpment region. The very steep slope of the Sigsbee Escarpment (0.05–0.1) limits the application of ocean models with traditional terrain-following (sigma) vertical coordinates, which may represent the very complicated topography in the region adequately, can result in large truncation errors during calculation of the horizontal pressure gradient. A new vertical coordinate system, termed a vanishing quasi-sigma coordinate, is implemented in the Navy Coastal Ocean Model for application to the Sigsbee Escarpment region. Vertical coordinate surfaces for this grid have noticeably gentler slopes than a traditional sigma grid, while still following the terrain near the ocean bottom. The new vertical grid is tested with a suite of numerical experiments and compared to a classical sigma-layer model. The numerical error is substantially reduced in the model with the new vertical grid. A one-year, realistic, numerical simulation is performed to simulate strong, deep currents over the Escarpment using a very-high-resolution nested modeling approach. The model results are analyzed to demonstrate that the deep-ocean currents in the simulation replicate the prominent dynamical features of the observed intense currents in the region.  相似文献   

Adaptation of the vertical resolution in the mixed layer for HYCOM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ccile Renaudie  Rmy Baraille  Yves Morel  Gwenaëlle Hello  Herv Giordani 《Ocean Modelling》2009,30(2-3):178-189

This paper focuses on the dynamics of the mixed layer. When the mixed layer depth increases, the vertical discretisation eventually becomes too sparse at the bottom of this layer to accurately resolve its evolution and strong numerical errors can appear. This is linked to the fact that the vertical resolution is concentrated in the upper part of the ocean and does not adapt to the deepening of the mixed layer.Knowing that the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is able to modify the distribution of the vertical levels, we suggest in this paper a method to adapt the resolution to the mixed layer extension. This method is tested in 1-D configurations for two academic atmospheric forcing conditions (strong convection and wind-mixing) and a realistic forcing extending over one year, with seasonal restratification following strong winter convection. The new method improves the results in all cases, and in particular when the mixed layer reaches deep layers.  相似文献   

基于改进BP神经网络的海底底质分类   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

唐秋华  刘保华  陈永奇  周兴华 《海洋测绘》2009,29(5):40-43

通过采用遗传算法优化神经网络初始权值的方法,将GA算法与BP神经网络有机结合,应用于海底底质分类。基于多波束测深系统获取的反向散射强度数据,应用改进的BP神经网络分类方法,实现对海底基岩、砾石、砂、细砂和泥等底质类型的快速、准确识别。通过实验比较,GA-BP神经网络分类精度明显高于BP神经网络,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献