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21.
云南省鹤庆盆地2.78Ma以来的环境演化 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
通过构建于新沂河河漫滩上的表面流人工温地系统处理污染河水的现场中试研究表明,在CODMn和NH4 -N进水浓度分别为11.69-60.00 mg/L和1.37-20.18 mg/L时,种植千屈菜、美人蕉、香蒲、水葱4种不同植物的表面流人工湿地系统,对CODMn的平均去除效率分别为26.44%、40.12%、46.71%、28.23%,对NH4 -N的平均去除效率分别为64.27%、70.49%、66.78%、58.52%,其中香蒲和美人蕉的净化能力较强.4种植物中水葱的耐淹能力最强,在完全淹水达22 d以上时,水葱依然生长良好;千屈菜的耐淹能力最弱,在完全淹水7 d后就开始枯萎,淹水17 d后地上、地下部分全部死亡. 相似文献
22.
The major hydrological factors in lake-marsh systems are water level (depth), water surface area, and water volume. The key index for determining the lake-marsh pattern is water level, which leads to the variation of lake-marsh patterns under natural hydrological alternations. In addition, the vegetation structure also affects the lake-marsh pattern. With socioeconomic development and climate change, the ‘land use’ and ‘water use’ competitions appear more seriously between a lake-marsh system and its surrounding socioeconomic system, also inside the lake-marsh system. The possible optimal lake-marsh pattern could solve the contradictions mentioned above. As few studies focus on this issue, this study proposed an optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method with eco-hydrological management on relieving the land use and water use competitions. The optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method considers the protection objects (water depth demands), water supply (precipitation, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in the system at annual and monthly scales. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the lake-marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands cannot be achieved on meeting both the maximum ecological services values and minimum water shortage amount under present natural condition. With artificial regulation measures, the possible optimal annual lake-marsh patterns can be obtained based on both ecological and hydrological objectives, with the area ratio of lake and marsh in the range of 0.650:0.350 and 0.726:0.274, the corresponding water level of lake body was of 86.85 to 87.0 m. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake-marsh systems and other ecological systems. 相似文献
23.
黄河三角洲湿地生态特征变化及可持续性管理对策 总被引:54,自引:10,他引:54
近年来,由于农业市场化和产业化的发展,工业与城市化的崛起,黄河三角洲湿地生态特征发生了巨大变化。表现在湿地类型和面积的改变,湿地水状况及水质的变化,湿地产品的不可持续利用等,通过对湿地生态变化的自然因素和人为原因进行分析,提出了黄河三角洲湿地可持续性管理的方案,并从生态、社会、经济指标出发,探讨了湿地可持续性管理对策。 相似文献
24.
25.
1996-1998年对黄河三角洲湿地鸟类连续进行了3年观察和调查,共观察到和鉴定出湿地鸟类199种,隶属于16目38科。 相似文献
26.
Accurate wetland maps are a fundamental requirement for land use management and for wetland restoration planning. Several wetland map products are available today; most of them based on remote sensing images, but their different data sources and mapping methods lead to substantially different estimations of wetland location and extent. We used two very high-resolution (2 m) WorldView-2 satellite images and one (30 m) Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image to assess wetland coverage in two coastal areas of Tampa Bay (Florida): Fort De Soto State Park and Weedon Island Preserve. An initial unsupervised classification derived from WorldView-2 was more accurate at identifying wetlands based on ground truth data collected in the field than the classification derived from Landsat 8 OLI (82% vs. 46% accuracy). The WorldView-2 data was then used to define the parameters of a simple and efficient decision tree with four nodes for a more exacting classification. The criteria for the decision tree were derived by extracting radiance spectra at 1500 separate pixels from the WorldView-2 data within field-validated regions. Results for both study areas showed high accuracy in both wetland (82% at Fort De Soto State Park, and 94% at Weedon Island Preserve) and non-wetland vegetation classes (90% and 83%, respectively). Historical, published land-use maps overestimate wetland surface cover by factors of 2–10 in the study areas. The proposed methods improve speed and efficiency of wetland map production, allow semi-annual monitoring through repeat satellite passes, and improve the accuracy and precision with which wetlands are identified. 相似文献
27.
Binelli A Sarkar SK Chatterjee M Riva C Parolini M Bhattacharya BD Bhattacharya AK Satpathy KK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1220-1229
The paper presents the first comprehensive survey of congener profiles (12 congeners) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in core sediment samples (<63 microm) covering seven sites in Sundarban mangrove wetland (India). Gas-chromatographic analyses were carried out in GC-Ms/Ms for tri- to hepta- brominated congeners. Results pointed out a non-homogenous contamination of the wetland with summation operator(12) PBDE values ranging from 0.08 to 29.03 ngg(-1), reflecting moderate to low contamination closely in conformity to other Asian aquatic environments. The general order of decreasing congener contribution to the total load was: BDE 47>99>100>154, similar to the distribution pattern worldwide. Although tetrabromodiphenyl ether BDE 47 was found in all samples followed by hexabromodiphenyl ether BDE-154, they were not necessarily the dominant congeners. No uniform temporal trend on PBDE levels was recorded probably due to particular hydrological characteristics of the wetland and/on non-homologous inputs from point sources (untreated municipal wastewater and local industries, electronic wastes from the dump sites, etc.) of these compounds. Because of the propensity of PBDEs to accumulate in various compartments of wildlife and human food webs, evaluation of biological tissues should be undertaken as a high priority. 相似文献
28.
Hydrophytes of the oases in the Sierra de la Giganta of Central Baja California Sur, Mexico: Floristic composition and conservation status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the features of the Sierra de la Giganta mountain range is the existence of many small riparian wetlands (oases) along drainage channels. There are no geohydrological studies from which to determine their dynamics in the arid environment, but these areas confront increasing water extraction to satisfy demands of small local settlements. This study compiled a checklist of the hydrophytes from 12 representative oases, and discusses their current status on the basis of composition, richness, and species characteristics. Floristic composition (absence–presence of 57 hydrophytes) at each location was classified by using UPGMA to represent a dendrogram of group cohesivity. Two major kinds of locations are present. By analysing individual site characteristics, we found that one group occurs in places under “good conservation conditions” and the other composed of locations that are “impacted” in several ways. The former group contains oases that are relatively rich in species, including most of the aquatic forms, which are sensitive to disturbance. Geographical affinity of the floristic list reveals that most species have a broad distribution, mostly in tropical America. 相似文献
29.
30.
Examining the relationship between wetland alteration and watershed flooding in Texas and Florida 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Samuel D. Brody Wesley E. Highfield Hyung-Cheal Ryu Laura Spanel-Weber 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(2):413-428
Inland flooding remains one of the greatest threats to the safety of human population in the United States (US). While few
large-scale studies exist, the potential role of naturally occurring wetlands in mitigating flood duration and intensity has
been widely discussed. This study examines the relationship between wetland alteration and coastal watershed flooding in Texas
and Florida over a 12-year period. Specifically, we geo-reference wetland alteration permits required under Section 404 of
the US Clean Water Act and correlate the number of granted permits with the degree of flooding measured by stream gauge data.
Results indicate that specific types of federal permits exacerbate flooding events in coastal watersheds while controlling
for various environmental and socioeconomic characteristics. 相似文献