The latest Ursus spelaeus in Italy,a new contribution to the extinction chronology of the cave bear     

Ivan Martini  Mauro Coltorti  Paul P.A. Mazza  Marco Rustioni  Fabio Sandrelli 《Quaternary Research》2014

The skeleton of a young prime adult cave bear, Ursus spelaeus, was found in Chiostraccio Cave (Siena, Tuscany, central Italy), only slightly buried under rock falls. The specimen was dated yielding a conventional age of 24,030 ± 100 ¹⁴C yr BP (29,200–28,550 cal yr BP), which makes it the latest known representative of the species in Italy. The skeleton was accompanied by the remains of wolf (Canis lupus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), aurochs (Bos primigenius), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), bat (Vespertinus murinus), and crow (Corvus monedula). The site seems confirming that the latest Italian U. spelaeus populations shared the risk of intrusion. The association of the cave bear with other animals suggests that the assemblage is an attritional palimpsest of remains of different species not originally associated in life. Cave bears were probably more vegetarian than brown bears and possibly became extinct when plant productivity dropped at the onset of MIS 2. Central and southern Italy may have offered isolated and sheltered refugia for cave bears.  相似文献   

ESR,U-series and paleomagnetic dating of Gigantopithecus fauna from Chuifeng Cave,Guangxi, southern China     

Qingfeng Shao  Wei Wang  Chenglong Deng  Pierre Voinchet  Min Lin  Antoine Zazzo  Eric Douville  Jean-Michel Dolo  Christophe Falguères  Jean-Jacques Bahain 《Quaternary Research》2014

Several Gigantopithecus faunas associated with taxonomically undetermined hominoid fossils and/or stone artifacts are known from southern China. These faunas are particularly important for the study of the evolution of humans and other mammals in Asia. However, the geochronology of the Gigantopithecus faunas remains uncertain. In order to solve this problem, a program of geochronological studies of Gigantopithecus faunas in Guangxi Province was recently initiated. Chuifeng Cave is the first studied site, which yielded 92 Gigantopithecus blacki teeth associated with numerous other mammalian fossils. We carried out combined ESR/U-series dating of fossil teeth and sediment paleomagnetic studies. Our ESR results suggest that the lower layers at this cave can be dated to 1.92 ± 0.14 Ma and the upper layers can be dated to older than 1.38 ± 0.17 Ma. Correlation of the recognized magnetozones to the geomagnetic polarity timescale was achieved by combining magnetostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and ESR data. The combined chronologies establish an Olduvai subchron (1.945–1.778 Ma) for the lowermost Chuifeng Cave sediments. We also analyzed the enamel δ¹³C values of the Gigantopithecus faunas. Our results show that southern China was dominated by C₃ plants during the early Pleistocene and that the Gigantopithecus faunas lived in a woodland-forest ecosystem.  相似文献   

豫西鸡冠洞洞穴水及现代沉积物Mg, Sr和Ba记录及其意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

任小凤  杨琰  彭涛  赵景耀  张银环  聂旭东  刘肖  李建仓  凌新有  张志钦 《中国岩溶》2014,33(1):57-63

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICP-OES）对2009年12月-2013年8月采自河南省栾川县鸡冠洞洞穴水（滴水、池水及地下河水）和现代碳酸盐沉积物的 Ca、Mg、Sr和 Ba 微量元素地球化学指标进行了分析。结果显示：（1）鸡冠洞洞穴水的 Mg/Ca对地表环境的干湿条件变化响应迅速,具体表现为池水和地下河水 Mg/Ca旱季高而雨季低,而 Sr/Ca 和Ba/Ca的变化与降水和气温的关系并不明显;（2）鸡冠洞现代沉积物的 Mg/Ca 变化与滴水有着良好的对应关系,但现代沉积物的 Sr/Ca和 Ba/Ca可能受大气粉尘活动和地表土壤的影响,变化趋势与 Mg/Ca 相反;（3）鸡冠洞碳酸盐岩与岩溶水间 Sr/Ca和 Mg/Ca的分配系数KSr值在0.02-0.18之间,KMg值在0.01-0.03之间,KMg值与洞穴温度的正相关关系不明显。  相似文献   

桂林水南洞洞穴沉积物的古地磁记录及其古环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李彬  FRANK Hauge  REIDAR Lovlie  STEIN-Erik Lauritzen  袁道先  林玉石  张美良 《地质力学学报》1998,4(4):50-57

通过对桂林水南洞2.5m厚的洞穴沉积物剖面的古地磁初步研究,其结果及地质证据表明该沉积剖面形成期可能与贾拉米洛正向期对应。根据磁化率、磁性矿物的特征和沉积学特征,对该地区这一地质时期的古环境变化提出以下认识:1.第三暖湿期,以钙华沉积为特征;2.第二干冷期,以含有少量钙质的黄褐色粘土为特征,并以含有高矫顽磁性矿物和低磁化率为特征;3.第二暖湿期,以互层的红褐色粘土、含高含量钙质的粘土或钙华为特征,并以含有低矫顽磁性矿物和高磁化率为特征;4.第一干冷期,以褐灰色粘土为特征,并以含有高矫顽磁性矿物和低磁化率为特征;5.第一暖湿期,以地下河沉积相(砂卵石为主)为特征。   相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在双龙洞测量中的应用     

张磊  张泾文  胡震海 《岩土工程技术》2009,23(2):60-63

介绍了三维激光扫描技术在金华双龙洞测量中的应用情况。这一研究不仅提高了洞穴测量的工作精度和工作效率,还为洞穴内部地貌与地质体形态三维可视化构建、虚拟洞穴内部地理场景构建、洞穴地理信息系统建设提供数据源,为洞穴数据库建设、洞穴景观旅游开发、洞穴环境与景观保护、洞穴考古等提供直观精密的基础数据。  相似文献   

贵州荔波1.5万年以来石笋高分辨率古气候环境记录   总被引：33，自引：8，他引：25  

张美良  程海  林玉石  覃嘉铭  张会领  涂琳玲  王华  冯玉梅 《地球化学》2004,33(1):65-74

通过对董哥洞石笋进行高精度的 TIMS- U系测年和 C、O同位素分析,建立了贵州省荔波地区 15 470 a以来高分辨率的古气候变化时间序列.研究结果表明,荔波地区 15 470 a以来石笋记录的冷暖事件所反映出的古季风变化,大致可分为 4个气候变化阶段 : (1) 15 470～ 11 350 a期间的晚更新世晚期-- Heinrich (H1)事件和新仙女木 (YD)事件期间,反映本阶段东亚冬季风强盛, 气温降低, 有效大气降水相对减少, 表现为干旱寒冷的气候环境; (2) 11 350～ 9 190 a期间的早全新世--干热期,反映东亚夏季风相对增强,气温升高,有效降水相对较少,表现为干热的气候环境; (3) 9 190～ 3 320 a期间的中全新世--稳定的气候适宜期,反映东亚夏季风相对强盛,气温升高,有效降水相对较大,表现为温暖湿润的气候环境; (4) 3 320～ 130 a期间的晚全新世降温期,反映本阶段东亚夏季风明显减弱,东亚冬季风相对增强,有效降水相对增大,而气候变化的波动频率却在增加 ,越至现代冷温变化时间渐趋缩短.石笋的 C、O同位素记录所揭示的末次冰期最后的 2次冷事件,其冷谷年龄分别为: (15 440± 130) a(H1事件 )和 (11 910± 70) a(YD事件),同时,还确定了终止点Ⅰ的界线年龄为 (11 350± 70) a,并证实了末次冰期在中国南方东亚季风气候区也存在有与北大西洋 H1事件和 YD事件相对应的冷事件.荔波地区的古季风环流变化,反映了东亚夏季风由弱-变强-再逐渐变弱的趋势,有效大气降水由少-增多-变少-再增多,气温由低-变高-再次变低的变化趋势,显示了与北极地区存在着古气候的遥相关关系.  相似文献   

白龙洞古人类遗址三维数字模型的建立与初步分析          下载免费PDF全文

武仙竹  王运辅  周乐鹏  谢硕 《第四纪研究》2010,30(2):402-409

湖北白龙洞古人类遗址是中国较有影响的更新世中期古人类遗址之一。本项工作通过使用日本宾得公司产RS-202N免棱镜型全站仪及美国Autodesk公司产AutoCAD2006计算机软件等,实地采集白龙洞遗址地貌和洞穴形态三维数据,使用计算机建立起遗址地貌数字模型和洞穴居址数字模型。通过数字模型进行多视角观察、分析,认识到这种方法可以实现以三维空间的形式保存和处理多种考古遗存信息,能够提供古人类遗址三维动态的观察视角,以及提供多种用途的遗址三维分析数据和考古专题图等。白龙洞遗址数字模型的测量和观察分析认识到,白龙洞遗址古人类（直立人）具有对洞穴高效开发利用的能力,并且具有在洞穴空间较为高大的区域集中活动的特点;  还可能具有在洞穴内部使用火进行照明的行为;  在居址选择上,白龙洞古人类已经具备对低山地区复杂地貌、开阔视野、干燥居址与近水环境,以及石料集中地和多元食物生境的适应性选择。此外,分析工作还显示洞穴遗址内部堆积物,除古人类活动遗留外,其他土状堆积物的来源可能来自于洞穴内部裂隙。白龙洞遗址数字模型的建立与初步分析,是国内将三维数字模型技术应用于古人类遗址研究的首次尝试。该方法对于获取更多遗址研究信息和多学科综合研究古人类遗址具有重要作用。  相似文献   

Pengelly's legacy reconsidered: a GIS approach to spatial analysis of palaeontological and archaeological collections from Kents Cavern, England     

Sorin Mihai  Donald A. McFarlane 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(3):319-325

Tens of thousands of palaeontological and archaeological remains were collected by William Pengelly during 19th century excavations of Kents Cavern, but are now widely dispersed between museums. This has previously precluded spatial analysis. We have now assembled available museum records into a single database, and, using our previously-reconstructed Pengelly excavation map as a base, we have been able to exploit the unique Pengelly location code to set up a GIS mapping system. This allows, for the first time, the analysis of spatial patterns. In addition, the GIS serves to highlight potential problems of recording or curation in the original data. Here we report on the construction of the GIS system and its first use in the analysis of spatial distribution of bear remains. The maps demonstrate that Ursus deningeri entered the cave through a now-sealed High Level Chamber entrance at the back of the cave in the middle Pleistocene, whereas Ursus arctos accessed the cave in the late Pleistocene through the now-sealed Northeast Gallery entrance. The denning areas are reconstructed as Labyrinth/Bear's Den for U. deningeri and Vestibule/Great Chamber for U. arctos. Considerable post-mortem re-distribution of the remains of both species is indicated.  相似文献   

山西宁武冰洞国家地质公园典型地质遗迹资源及科学意义   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

方世明  郭旭  郑斌  阎世龙  孙占亮 《地球学报》2010,31(4):605-610

所谓冰洞是指全年365天都存在冰的洞, 是一种极神秘的洞穴旅游资源。目前国内发现的冰洞只有10多处, 其中山西宁武冰洞冰量最大, 形态最好, 冰花种类最多, 是一处十分珍贵的地质遗迹资源。本文在对宁武冰洞国家地质公园进行总体介绍基础上, 对公园范围内发育的地质遗迹资源进行归纳总结并分类, 然后对宁武冰洞这一典型而独具特色的地质遗迹资源从地质地貌特点、冰洞发育及成因进行归纳探讨, 并对国内外目前所发现的10多个冰洞进行比较, 指出宁武冰洞是现在世界上已知在中纬度中高山地区保存最好, 规模最大, 冰体最多并可直接见到地质时期存有古冰的冰洞, 是一种非常特殊的、罕见的、脆弱的、不可再生的地质遗迹资源。  相似文献   

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Atmosphere of Srednja Bijambarska Cave,Bosnia and Herzegovina   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Simone Milanolo  Franci Gabrovšek 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(3):479-493

The results of one year’s monitoring in Srednja Bijambarska Cave (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are presented and discussed. Temporal variations of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration are controlled by the switching between two ventilation regimes driven by outside temperature changes. A regression model with a simple perfectly mixed volume applied to a cave sector (“Music hall”) resulted in an estimate of ventilation rates between 0.02 h⁻¹ and 0.54 h⁻¹. Carbon dioxide input per plan surface unit is estimated by the model at around 50 × 10⁻⁶ mh⁻¹ during the winter season and up to more than 1000 × 10⁻⁶ mh⁻¹ during the first temperature falls at the end of summer (0.62 μmoles m⁻² s⁻¹ and 12.40 μmoles m⁻² s⁻¹ for normal conditions respectively). These values have been found to be related to the cave ventilation rate and dependent on the availability of CO₂ in the surrounding environment. For airflow close to zero the values of CO₂ input per plan surface have a range in the order of magnitude of a few units × 10⁻⁶ mh⁻¹. Based on two experiments, the anthropogenic contribution from cave visitors has been calculated, at between 0.35 l_CO2 min⁻¹ person⁻¹ and 0.45 l_CO2min⁻¹person⁻¹.  相似文献