成矿流体及成矿机制   总被引：49，自引：0，他引：49  

张文淮  张志坚 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):245-252

根据成矿流体样品——流体包裹体研究资料，目前已知的成矿流体主要有下列四种类型：（１）硅酸盐熔融体＋Ｍ（金属）；（２）Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＮａＣｌ＋Ｍ；（３）Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＣＯ２＋Ｍ；（４）Ｈ２Ｏ＋有机质＋Ｍ。这里所说的Ｈ２Ｏ，实际上是含有一定溶质的盐水；ＣＯ２则还包含有ＣＨ４、ＣＯ、Ｎ２、Ｈ２、Ｈ２Ｓ等等其它组分。不同的矿种、不同成因的矿床与一定种类的成矿流体有关，也就是说，成矿流体具有一定成矿专属性。通过成矿流体研究，我们认为成矿作用主要有下述几种形成机制：（１）不同种类流体混合成矿机制；（２）单一流体不混溶分离成矿机制；（３）流体＋有机质成矿机制；（４）水—岩交换成矿机制；（５）流体物－化条件改变成矿机制。  相似文献   

流体成矿系统与成矿作用研究   总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24  

贾跃明 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):253-258

对几乎所有金属矿床类型来说，其形成过程均与金属从源岩的活化、原始渗滤、矿质运移和金属沉淀富集成矿关系密切，这些过程主要是由流体的运动和作用完成的。因此，识别金属和流体的来源，追溯流体从源区将金属运载至最终成矿部位所经过的路径，以及查明金属和流体沿运移通道发生的物理、化学和时间上的各种变化及其特殊性质，可以为矿床评价与勘查提供很有价值的定量成矿信息。成矿流体的来源－运移－沉淀（－堆积）过程会以流体成矿系统的形式保留下来。对流体成矿系统和作用的全面了解可通过调查活动的和古代的两种系统获得。活动流体成矿系统是目前正在进行原始矿质搬运的系统，调查这些系统可对运移通道中的含矿流体进行取样和监测研究。古流体成矿系统包括各时代从含金石英脉到铅－锌矿脉系统的所有热液脉型矿床以及沉积喷气型和所谓层控矿床。对含矿矿物和岩石的广泛岩石学、化学、流体包裹体和同位素研究将为定量评价与预测矿床的分布和变化提供至关重要的资料。流体成矿系统内具有一些重要特征，如各种地质要素的方向性、相关性和指示性变化。  相似文献   

地质学家重视研究深部（变质）CO_2对古气候的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王焰新  文冬光 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):274-281

地质学家重视研究深部（变质）ＣＯ２对古气候的影响贾跃明（中国地质矿产信息研究院，北京，１０００３７）近几年来，随着过去全球变化研究的兴起，地质学家越来越重视地质历史时期影响大气ＣＯ２浓度的因素的调查。不少人认为，变质作用和火山活动可能是过去大气中ＣＯ...  相似文献   

滇西石缸河锡矿床的成因探讨     

张文源 《矿产与地质》1996,10(3):159-164

石缸河锡矿床在空间上，时间上和成因上与志本山花岗岩演化分异晚期形成的浅色细粒白云母花岗岩有着密切联系，属岩浆期后热液矿床。  相似文献   

现代成矿预测若干理论述评   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾健年  范永香 《矿产与地质》1996,10(6):361-367

以成矿理论为支撑的现代成矿预测理论取得了长足的进展，对现代矿产勘查与评价实践工作具有重要的指导意义；据成矿预测理论近年来的进展，结合笔者等的研究工作体会，述评地质异常、矿床的成矿系列、矿床模型和超大型矿床勘查等成矿预测理论。  相似文献   

不透明矿物所含单个低盐度流体包裹体液相组分SAM/AES实验研究:Ⅰ.原理与方法     

魏春生  张国平  林清英  张燕征 《矿物学报》1996,(3)

针对与矿石矿物共存透明脉石矿物所含流体包裹体并不完全代表成矿流体，红外显微技术及EPMA、SEM等常规表面分析手段无法满足不透明矿石矿物所含单个低盐度流体包裹体研究的实际困难，本文首次成功地应用具同步扫描成象功能、电子束斑空间分辨率较高、信噪比较好的PHI595SAM／AES这一当代高灵敏表面分析技术，按单矿物分选→二次去离子水反复超声清洗→外真空热爆→在金属铟片上压制成样的实验流程对新疆阿尔泰多拉纳萨依金矿床含金黄铁矿所含单个低盐度流体包裹体的液相组成进行了静态定点分析，实验取得了满意结果。  相似文献   

湖南柿竹园钨多金属矿床成矿机理的实验研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

梁祥济 《矿床地质》1996,15(3):278-286

作者在深入柿竹园钨多金属矿床野外地质工作的基础上，采用矿区燕山期花岗岩和泥盆系灰岩作为试料，在含ｐＨ＝４．０的０．３ＭＮａＣｌ＋０．７ＭＫＦ水溶液的高压釜中持续了１２０小时的交代作用。实验的结果表明了：在４００～７００℃的温度和２５０×１０５～９００×１０５Ｐａ的压力下，形成的交代岩及其钨、锡、钼、铋矿物基本上与矿区的矽卡岩及其矿石矿物共生组合相吻合，揭示了湖南柿竹园矽卡岩型钨多金属矿床成矿的机理  相似文献   

大吉山钨矿床成矿的新认识   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

刘卫明  钟盛文 《矿产与地质》1996,10(6):406-411

在综合分析大吉山花岗岩型和石英脉型钨矿床的矿体形态、矿石成分及蚀变、结构构造特征以及硫、氢氧同位素地质特征的基础上，主要依据花岗岩型钨矿体上部出现似伟晶岩带、石英带，矿体呈似层状，发育钨巢，围岩蚀变微弱的特点；石英脉型钨矿普遍出现“砂包”，矿化最强的中部围岩蚀变弱，甚至不发育，脉石矿物与钨巢中造岩矿物相似等特点。提出大吉山钨矿床是由岩浆液态分离成矿作用形成的新认识。  相似文献   

Characteristics and origin of sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits: a review   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Greg B. Arehart 《Ore Geology Reviews》1996,11(6):383-403

Sediment-hosted disseminated gold (SHDG) deposits comprise a major portion of the gold production and reserves in the US. Although presently known to be common only in western North America, SHDG deposits are a significant source of world gold production. These deposits are characterized by extremely fine-grained disseminated gold, hosted primarily by arsenian pyrite. Other metals show very little enrichment although in addition to As, anomalous concentrations of elements such as Sb, Hg, Tl and Ba are utilized as exploration tools. The host rocks are dominantly silty carbonates, but ore concentrations are also present in siliceous and silicified rocks as well as intrusive rocks. Alteration consists of decarbonatization, silicification (jasperoid formation) and argillization, which are arranged both spatially and temporally in that order. Argillic alteration is zoned from kaolinite-dominated cores to sericite-dominated margins. The deposits commonly exhibit significant structural (faults) and stratigraphic (composition/permeability) controls. Until the last few years, SHDG deposits were considered as near-surface, epithermal type deposits in origin. Because of their fine-grained nature and the lack of macroscopic features such as veins, it has proven quite difficult to extract geochemical data that are clearly related to their genesis. However, fluid inclusion data indicate pressures corresponding to depths of 2–4 km under lithostatic conditions. Temperatures are constrained by fluid inclusions and phase equilibria to near 225°C. Stable isotope data from alteration minerals and fluid inclusions indicate that the ore fluids were dominated by meteoric waters, some of which had clearly exchanged oxygen with wallrocks during their passage through the crust. Although the data vary, most ore fluids probably had δD values near −150‰ and δ¹⁸O values ranging from −10 to +5‰. Sulfur isotope values reported from SHDG deposits span a wide range, from −30 to +20‰ (sulfides) and 0 to >45‰ (sulfates). Ore-related sulfides (pyrite, realgar) fall at the upper end of the range reported for sulfides. The alteration and mineral assemblage indicate the ore fluids were probably near neutral and gold was likely carried as a bisulfide complex. The depositional mechanism(s) probably included mixing, cooling and oxidation. These mechanisms are consistent with the observed alteration features, i.e. quartz precipitation, calcite dissolution and sericite-kaolinite coexistence. It also explains the presence of both siliceous ores containing native Au and sulfide ores containing Au in pyrite. The extreme variations in sulfur isotopes as seen at Post and fluid inclusion data from Carlin may be indicative of some phase separation (‘boiling’), but such relations have not been documented in other deposits and the importance of phase separation to gold deposition appears minimal.  相似文献   

滇中及邻区前地台大地构造演化与铜成矿作用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

赖健清  彭省临 《大地构造与成矿学》1996,20(1):46-52

通过构造层的划分，探讨滇中及邻区前边台演化与运动特征。认为该地区前地台经历了萌陆壳稳定阶段、原陆壳活动阶段、稳定阶段和地槽阶段。壳体演化与运动是幔交替活动与壳体成熟之间互相联系互相制约的结果。最后总结了钢成矿作用与构造演化的若干关系。  相似文献