那曲高寒草地总体输送系数及地面热源特征     

郑汇璇  胡泽勇  孙根厚  谢志鹏  严晓强  王奕丹  付春伟 《高原气象》2019,38(3):497-506

利用中国科学院那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站那曲/BJ观测点的野外观测数据,估算了青藏高原那曲地区典型高寒草地下垫面的热量和水汽总体输送系数以及地表大气相对湿度因子,在此基础上利用中国气象局那曲气象站1980-2016年的常规业务观测数据,采用总体输送法计算并分析了那曲高寒草地地表通量特征。研究结果表明:(1)那曲/BJ观测点地表大气相对湿度因子γ的数值在33%~62%,9月最大,2月最小,热量和水汽输送系数CH和Cλ的季节变化范围分别在1.6×10^-3~2.7×10^-3和1.0×10^-3~2.0×10^-3,两者存在较大的差异。(2)1980-2016年那曲高寒草地感热通量总体呈现减弱趋势,而潜热通量呈现增强趋势,导致地面热源变化趋势不明显;分阶段来看,感热通量的变化在2004年前后发生转折,转折点前后的趋势为先减弱后增加,潜热通量在1994-2005年下降趋势明显,这也导致地面热源在1995-2005年有一个明显的减少。(3)年内季节变化上潜热通量相较于感热通量更明显,地面热源的季节变化更依赖于潜热通量的季节变化。  相似文献   

High‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in the lower crust: An example resulting from Hikurangi Plateau collision and slab rollback in New Zealand          下载免费PDF全文

Jean‐Baptiste Jacob  James M. Scott  Rose E. Turnbull  Matthew S. Tarling  Matthew W. Sagar 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(8):831-853

Lower crustal xenoliths erupted from an intraplate diatreme reveal that a portion of the New Zealand Gondwana margin experienced high‐temperature (HT) to ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulite facies metamorphism just after flat slab subduction ceased at c. 110–105 Ma. P–T calculations for garnet–orthopyroxene‐bearing felsic granulite xenoliths indicate equilibration at ~815 to 910°C and 0.7 to 0.8 GPa, with garnet‐bearing mafic granulite xenoliths yielding at least 900°C. Supporting evidence for the attainment of HT and UHT conditions in felsic granulite comes from re‐integration of exsolution in feldspar (~900–950°C at 0.8 GPa), Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry on Y‐depleted overgrowths on detrital zircon grains (932°C ± 24°C at aTiO₂ = 0.8 ± 0.2), and correlation of observed assemblages and mineral compositions with thermodynamic modelling results (≥850°C at 0.7 to 0.8 GPa). The thin zircon overgrowths, which were mainly targeted by drilling through the cores of grains, yield a U–Pb pooled age of 91.7 ± 2.0 Ma. The cause of Late Cretaceous HT‐UHT metamorphism on the Zealandia Gondwana margin is attributed to collision and partial subduction of the buoyant oceanic Hikurangi Plateau in the Early Cretaceous. The halt of subduction caused the fore‐running shallowly dipping slab to rollback towards the trench position and permitted the upper mantle to rapidly increase the geothermal gradient through the base of the extending (former) accretionary prism. This sequence of events provides a mechanism for achieving regional HT–UHT conditions in the lower crust with little or no sign of this event at the surface.  相似文献   

SHRIMP zircon age for an Early Cambrian dolerite dyke: An intrusive phase of the Antrim Plateau Volcanics of northern Australia     

L. M. Hanley  M. T. D. Wingate 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1029-1040

The Antrim Plateau Volcanics, Australia's largest Phanerozoic flood‐basalt province, originally covered an area of at least 300 000 km² across northern Australia. Stratigraphic constraints indicate that the Antrim Plateau Volcanics are of Early Cambrian age (ca 545–509 Ma), although previous attempts to date the Antrim basalts by radiometric methods have been inconclusive. We present an ion microprobe U–Pb zircon age of 513 ± 12 Ma for the ～250 km‐long Milliwindi dolerite dyke in the west Kimberley. The dolerite is geochemically identical to basalts of the Antrim Plateau Volcanics, and was probably a feeder dyke for basalts that have since been eroded. It is suggested that the Antrim Plateau Volcanics extended hundreds of kilometres further to the west than recognised previously and may have once covered part of the Kimberley block.  相似文献   

Observations of mine seismicity in the eastern Wasatch Plateau,Utah, U.S.A.: A possible case of implosional failure     

Ivan G. Wong  James R. Humphrey  Janet A. Adams  Walter J. Silva 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):369-405

In the summer of 1984, a three-dimensional, high-resolution microearthquake network was operated in the vicinity of two coal mines beneath Gentry Mountain in the eastern Wasatch Plateau, Utah. During a six-week period, approximately 3,000 seismic events were observed of which the majority were impulsive, higher frequency (>10 Hz), short duration (<2–3 sec) events probably associated with the caving of the roof from a longwall operation. In contrast, 234 of the largest located events appeared to occur predominantlybeneath the mines to a depth of 2 to 3 km consistent with previous studies. The magnitudes of these events ranged from less thanM _c 0 to 1.6. In addition to the unusual depths of these latter events, an anomalous aspect displayed by the events was an apparent dilatational focal mechanism suggesting a non-double-couple, possibly implosional source. Implosional events have been observed in other studies of mine seismicity; however, the generally inadequate instrumental coverage of the focal sphere has cast some doubt on the validity of such mechanisms. Previously suggested source mechanisms for such implosional events have included tensional failure through strata collapse, and a shear-implosional displacement mechanism. Shear failure must be involved in the failure process of the Gentry Mountain implosional events as evidenced by well-defined shear waves in the observed seismograms. Simultaneous monitoring in the East Mountain coal mining area to the south by the University of Utah revealed typical shear failure events mixed with implosional events. The observed double-couple, reverse focal mechanisms at East Mountain were similar to mechanisms determined in previous studies and a composite focal mechanism determined in this study for a sequence outside the mining areas. This suggested that the shear events within the mining areas are being influenced by the regional tectonic stress field. Thus in addition to the seismic events associated with caving of the roof from the longwall operation, there appear to be at least two other types of mining-induced seismic events occurring in the eastern Wasatch Plateau, both submine in origin: (1) events characterized by apparent non-double-couple possibly implosional focal mechanisms and well-defined shear waves; and (2) shear events, which are indistinguishable from tectonic earthquakes and may be considered mining triggered earthquakes. The small mining-induced stress changes that occur beyond a few hundred meters from the mine workings suggest both types of seismic events are occurring on critically stressed, pre-existing zones of weakness. Topography, overburden, method of mining, and mine configuration also appear to be significant factors influencing the occurrence of the implosional submine events.  相似文献   

青藏高原地区地-气系统的辐射平衡特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

季国良  江灏 《高原气象》1988,(1)

本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月青藏高原热源野外考察期间的Nimbus7卫星观测资料,分析了高原及其邻近地区行星反照率、大气顶的射出长波辐射和地-气系统辐射平衡的区域分布及季节变化特征以及它们对天气气候的影响。同时配合同期的地面辐射观测资料,讨论了卫星资料与地面实测资料间的相互关系,为探索卫星资料的应用等作了尝试。  相似文献   

Late quaternary monsoon patterns on the Loess Plateau of China     

Li Jijun And  Feng Zhaodon  Tang Lingyu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(2):125-135

China's Loess Plateau was formed under special conditions. The tectonic movement, topographical characteristics, and monsoon patterns combined to create a favourable environment for the accumulation of thick loessic deposits. The Loess Plateau itself is part of the ‘Monsoon Triangle’ of China, a region very susceptible to climatic changes. Throughout the Upper Pleistocene the palaeoenvironment on the Loess Plateau alternated from steppe, to deciduous forest and coniferous forest, in response to shifts in the atmospheric circulation. Three monsoon patterns appear to be indicated: (1) a full glacial monsoon pattern (18000–15000 yr BP) which induced a cold and dry climate favouring loess accumulation in steppe conditions; (2) an interglacial monsoon pattern (last interglacial and Holocene) in which a warm humid climate prevailed with deciduous forests, leaving palaeosols interbedded within the loess sequence; and (3) a transitional or interstadial monsoon pattern (50 000–23 000 yr BP) in which the climate was cold and humid in the Loess Plateau, encouraging the development of coniferous forest.  相似文献   

FACTORS CONTROLLING DIFFERENTIATION OF SELENIUM ECONVIRONMENT IN THE LOESS PLATEAU     

Qu Cuihui  Wang Wuyi 《地理学报(英文版)》1994,(Z1)

ItisataskofNationaScienceandTechnologyProjectNo.75-62-03-05and06forthe7thFive-YearPlanperiod.InvestigationsinGansuandShanxiwereundertakenbyInstituteofGeography,CAS,whiiethatinShaanxiwascarriedoutbyNortllwestInstitllteofWaterandSoilConservation,CAS.**OthermembersintheGroupofEndemicDiseaseandEnvironment,InstituteofGeograpl1y,CASare:YangLinsheng,ZhaoYuanwei,ZhaoNaiqin,LiDezhu,WangLizhenandTanJianan.I.IntrodIlcti01llthasbeenreported[21thattwoendemics,KeshanandKaschin-Beck,arecl…  相似文献   

青藏高原地表净辐射的气候学研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

翁笃鸣  高建芸 《南京气象学院学报》1993,16(4):464-470

根据作者提出的地表净辐射各分量的气候学计算方法，计算出青藏高原及其周边地区１７３站的净辐射和其各分量的年，月平均通量密度，并分析其地理分布特征。指出高原主体为总辐射，有效辐射的高值区，地表净辐射场在冬，夏季有较大差异。冬季为一弱正值区，相对低中心呈块状散布在祁连山区等几个地区；夏季因夜雨及地表湿润的缘故，高原大部地区的地表净辐射反有加强。各地净辐射年变化基本形式与总辐射相似。有效辐射年变化一般呈双  相似文献   

“豫灵人”发现区的地貌     

周华山  张光业  王磐基  巴志刚 《地域研究与开发》1993,(Z1)

本文从地貌基本特征、地貌形态结构和地貌形成演变等三方面,论述了豫灵人发现区的地貌。  相似文献   

西藏西部表土孢粉研究   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22  

黄赐璇康.  艾冯 《干旱区地理》1993,16(4):75-84

本文在西藏西部首次采用了稀释法研究了表土孢粉，并取得了比常规方法省时省力等效果；证明该法适用于大范围的荒漠地区研究。  相似文献