流域生态健康评价理论与方法研究进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李春晖  崔嵬  庞爱萍  郑小康 《地理科学进展》2008,27(1):9-17

对流域进行生态健康评价,将为流域的规划、管理和保护以及流域综合治理提供决策依据。本文回顾了国 内外流域生态健康评价的历史和现状,着重阐述了流域生态系统健康评价的尺度与方法。流域生态系统健康评价 主要有两种方法：一是生物监测法,二是指标体系法。对流域进行生态健康评价,重点在于建立评价指标体系。流域 生态健康评价的指标体系应该包括生物、水质、水文、栖息地、社会经济和人类健康等六方面指标。最后,明确指标 选取的基本原则,并指出了目前流域生态健康评价存在的问题及今后的研究趋势。  相似文献   

山丘平圩混合区小流域水文分析计算方法研究     

徐玲玲  张巍 《水文》2017,37(1):64-67

洪水灾害常常给社会造成严重的经济损失,小流域洪水汇流速度快,易对下游造成瞬时毁灭性灾害,采取有效的小流域治理措施是必须的。根据山丘平圩区小流域特点分析比较设计洪水的计算方法,推荐采用瞬时单位线法,同时对小流域分片设计洪水组合进行了研究分析。以团结河流域上段治理为例进行具体分析,计算出该流域20年一遇防洪设计流量为472.60m3/s,为类似该地区的山丘、平原、圩区混合区设计洪水分析总结经验,提供参考,具有现实意义。  相似文献   

Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi,China     

ZHANG Tao  WANG Bin  LI Dedong  NIU Ben  SUN Jie  SUN Yifei  YANG Xiaoguang  LUO Juan  HAN Jian 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):189-197

The Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in southern Shaanxi, China is a critical window for the understanding of the Cambrian explosion, because of abundant and various exceptionally preserved metazoans and embryo fossils yielded. The efficiency of traditional sample manually selecting with microscopes is quite low and hinder the discoveries of new species, thus recognition and classification of microfossils by artificial intelligence (AI) is substantially in the request. In this paper, we develop a procedure for fossil area segmentation in common multi-typed mixed photos by improved watershed algorithm. And for better fossil recognition, previous histogram of oriented grandient (HOG) algorithm is replaced by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), which is feasible for the segmented images and increase the accuracy significantly. Thus, the scope of application of AI fossil recognition can be extended form single fossil image to multi-typed mixed images and the reliability is also secured, as the result of our test presents a high (at least 84%) accuracy of fossil recognition.  相似文献   

南水北调西线一期工程区达曲流域泥石流及发展趋势     

柳金峰  欧国强  游勇  吕娟 《山地学报》2005,23(6):719-724

南水北调西线一期工程区位于青藏高原的东北缘,具有复杂的地形地貌、岩性和区域构造背景,受自然因素控制和人类活动影响,尤其是工程建设对山地表层大规模的扰动,泥石流将成为工程施工和运行期间的重要灾害。通过野外考察和调查,查明了达曲流域的泥石流分布情况,得出达曲流域泥石流具有规模中等,危害严重;以冲为主,冲淤强烈;泥石流固体物质粒径粗;泥石流活动频率较低等特点。并在此基础上,分析了达曲流域泥石流的发展趋势。  相似文献   

LAND-USE IMPACT ON WATERSHED RESPONSE: THE INTEGRATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS     

WILLIAM W. DOE III  BAHRAM SAGHAFIAN  PIERRE Y. JULIEN 《水文研究》1996,10(11):1503-1511

The integration of a two-dimensional, raster-based rainfall–runoff model, CASC2D, with a raster geographical information system (GIS), GRASS, offers enhanced capabilities for analysing the hydrological impact under a variety of land management scenarios. The spatially varied components of the watershed, such as slope, soil texture, surface roughness and land-use disturbance, were characterized in GRASS at a user-specified grid cell resolution for input into the CASC2D model. CASC2D is a raster-based, single-event rainfall–runoff model that divides the watershed into grid cell elements and simulates the hydrological processes of infiltration, overland flow and channel flow in response to distributed rainfall precipitation. The five-step integration of CASC2D and GRASS demonstrates the potential for analysing spatially and temporally varied hydrological processes within a 50 square mile semi-arid watershed. By defining possible land-use disturbance scenarios for the watershed, a variety of rainfall–runoff events were simulated to determine the changes in watershed response under varying disturbance and rainfall conditions. Additionally, spatially distributed infiltration outputs derived from the simulations were analysed in GRASS to determine the variability of hydrological change within the watershed. Grid cell computational capabilities in GRASS allow the user to combine the scenario simulation outputs with other distributed watershed parameters to develop complex maps depicting potential areas of hydrological sensitivity. This GIS–hydrological model integration provides valuable spatial information to researchers and managers concerned with the study and effects of land-use on hydrological response.  相似文献   

青海加吾矿区玛日当沟泥石流流域分区与动力特征分析     

洪磊  王辉  刘坤 《防灾减灾学报》2021,37(1):12-18

加吾矿区地处青藏高原区内柴达木盆地东缘区的青海南山微造山带内,为保障该区矿产资源勘查及开采工作的顺利进行,有效预防矿区内泥石流等突发性地质灾害的发生.通过开展矿区泥石流灾害详查工作,尤其是针对矿区重点工作区玛日当沟流域进行了系统的调查,建立了对该流域泥石流灾害发育背景的充分认识,并对该流域泥石流分区特征作了系统描述.在...  相似文献   

基于RegCM3和DLBRM的耦合系统CRCHMS的构建及其在黑河上游的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王勇  张兰慧  李文静  于德才 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(3):126-133

以高寒山区—黑河流域上游为研究区，确定区域气候模式RegCM3的模拟方案，率定分布式水文模型（DLBRM），并开发了RegCM3和DLBRM模型接口，从而构建了区域气候水文耦合模拟系统CRCHMS。结果表明，以RegCM3作为气象驱动数据的CRCHMS系统模拟性能优于以观测站点作为气象驱动数据的DLBRM模型，对莺落峡径流量的模拟值与实测值的相关系数在校准期和验证期分别为0.47和0.62，均方根误差分别为0.045和0.044 cm/d，相对误差分别为-0.4%和6%，纳什系数在率定期和验证期分别为0.22和0.36。  相似文献