In 2005 Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research embarked upon a new initiative for its readers. Key researchers in various fields of geoanalytical technique development and their application were identified and invited to provide reviews pertinent to their expertise. As noted in the first of these publications "…instead of revisiting the historical context or decades of development in each analytical technique, the goal here has been to capture a snapshot of "hot topics" across a range of fields as represented in the… literature" (Hergt et al . 2005). Rather than prepare an annual review, a decision was taken earlier this year to provide a biennial summary of progress and accomplishments, in this case for the years 2004–2005. The principal techniques employed in Earth and environmental sciences are covered here, and include laser ablation and multicollector ICP-MS, ICP-AES, thermal ionisation and secondary ion mass spectrometry, as well as neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. A comprehensive review of the development of reference materials, often essential to these techniques, is also provided. The contributions assembled serve both to keep readers informed of advances they may be unfamiliar with, but also as a means of showcasing examples of the breadth and depth of work being conducted in these fields. 相似文献
This review of the literature from 2004 and 2005 concerning secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) highlights the contribution the technique has made in the fields of petrology, geochronology, cosmochemistry and material sciences. In petrology, much research was devoted to the measurement of stable isotopes and trace elements by developments in multicollection acquisition, with emphasis on low atomic mass number elements. Elements studied in particular were S (in sulfides), O (in garnets), C (in sedimentary organic matter), Cl (in glasses) and Si. Novel applications of SIMS to geochronology have included the measurement of young zircon grains by the U-Pb and U-Th decay methods. An increasing number of studies have combined U-Pb geochronology with the measurement of trace elements or stable isotopes in zircon. 相似文献
The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main drill hole (0–3000 m) in Donghai, southern Sulu orogen, consists of eclogite, paragneiss, orthogneiss, schist and garnet peridotite. Detailed investigations of Raman, cathodoluminescence, and microprobe analyses show that zircons from most eclogites, gneisses and schists have oscillatory zoned magmatic cores with low-pressure mineral inclusions of Qtz, Pl, Kf and Ap, and a metamorphic rim with relatively uniform luminescence and eclogite-facies mineral inclusions of Grt, Omp, Phn, Coe and Rt. The chemical compositions of the UHP metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon are similar to those from the matrix of the host rocks. Similar UHP metamorphic P–T conditions of about 770 °C and 32 kbar were estimated from coexisting minerals in zircon and in the matrix. These observations suggest that all investigated lithologies experienced a joint in situ UHP metamorphism during continental deep subduction. In rare cases, magmatic cores of zircon contain coesite and omphacite inclusions and show patchy and irregular luminescence, implying that the cores have been largely altered possibly by fluid–mineral interaction during UHP metamorphism.
Abundant H2O–CO2, H2O- or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions with low to medium salinities occur isolated or clustered in the magmatic cores of some zircons, coexisting with low-P mineral inclusions. These fluid inclusions should have been trapped during magmatic crystallization and thus as primary. Only few H2O- and/or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions were found to occur together with UHP mineral inclusions in zircons of metamorphic origin, indicating that UHP metamorphism occurred under relatively dry conditions. The diversity in fluid inclusion populations in UHP rocks from different depths suggests a closed fluid system, without large-scale fluid migration during subduction and exhumation. 相似文献
Early Proterozoic granitoids are of a limited occurrence in the Baikal fold area being confined here exclusively to an arcuate belt delineating the outer contour of Baikalides, where rocks of the Early Precambrian basement are exposed. Geochronological and geochemical study of the Kevakta granite massif and Nichatka complex showed that their origin was related with different stages of geological evolution of the Baikal fold area that progressed in diverse geodynamic environments. The Nichatka complex of syncollision granites was emplaced 1908 ± 5 Ma ago, when the Aldan-Olekma microplate collided with the Nechera terrane. Granites of the Kevakta massif (1846 ± 8 Ma) belong to the South Siberian postcollision magmatic belt that developed since ~1.9 Ga during successive accretion of microplates, continental blocks and island arcs to the Siberian craton. In age and other characteristics, these granites sharply differ from granitoids of the Chuya complex they have been formerly attributed to. Accordingly, it is suggested to divide the former association of granitoids into the Chuya complex proper of diorite-granodiorite association ~2.02 Ga old (Neymark et al., 1998) with geochemical characteristics of island-arc granitoids and the Chuya-Kodar complex of postcollision S-type granitoids 1.85 Ga old. The Early Proterozoic evolution of the Baikal fold area and junction zone with Aldan shield lasted about 170 m.y. that is comparable with development periods of analogous structures in other regions of the world. 相似文献
1IntroductionQuite a number of porphyry copper deposits havebeen found in the Cenozoic alkali-intrusions along theJinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Red River fault zone,whichconstitute the Cenozoic ore belt in China.The Cenozo-ic alkali-intrusive rocks are similar in… 相似文献
Petrologic and geochronological work was carried out on a roadside outcrop of amphibolite facies orthogneisses near São Lourenço da Serra, about 50 km southwest of São Paulo City. These orthogneisses belong to the Embu Complex, within the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle mobile belts of SE Brazil. The outcrop consists of predominantly foliated biotite tonalites and granodiorites, which were cut by granitic veins and pegmatites prior to final deformation. SHRIMP U/Pb measurements on zircons from one granodioritic–tonalitic gneiss indicate magmatic crystallization of the protolith at 811±13 Ma (MSWD=1.0). Zircons with dates of ca. 2000 and ca. 1000 Ma in this rock are interpreted as inherited from older crust. One zircon analyzed from the gneiss and three zircons from a discordant pegmatitic vein indicate an event at 650–700 Ma, perhaps related to the intrusion of the pegmatites. A regression of Rb–Sr whole rock data for four biotite gneisses yielded an imperfect isochron, giving an apparent age of 821±68 Ma and an elevated initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.719±0.005. The elevated initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and the inherited zircons indicate involvement of older crust in the genesis of the gneisses. Rb–Sr feldspar and whole rock pairs yield ca. 560 Ma tielines, giving the time of final cooling below 300–350 °C, and the cessation of medium-grade metamorphism and ductile deformation. These results document a series of tectono-thermal events spanning 250 million years during the Brasiliano Orogenic Cycle. They relate to ca. 800 Ma magmatic arc activity and later allochthonous terrane assembly during closure of the Adamastor Ocean, resulting in the accretion of Western Gondwana. 相似文献
Raman spectroscopy and the powder diffraction technique have been used to monitor the recovery process of two partially metamict
zircons (2.6 and 4.8 × 1018α-decays g−1) from Sri Lanka during a series of isothermal annealing experiments in the temperature range from 870 to 1622 K. These experiments
show for the first time that structural recovery in partially metamict zircon proceeds via three distinct recovery stages,
each of which occurs within a distinct time-temperature regime. Whereas the first two stages have previously been recognized
(recovery of damaged crystalline remnants and epitaxial recrystallization), the third stage has not yet been identified as
a single activated process. It is suggested that anisotropic defect annealing during the first stage at low temperatures,
where the structure recovers preferentially along the a(b) plane, produces a geometrical situation where large structural rearrangements are necessary to remove the remaining defects
inside the crystalline material. This situation is approximately reached when the amorphous domains start to recrystallize.
The reason for anisotropic annealing can be found in a different connectivity between polyhedral linkages in both directions
of the zircon lattice. High apparent activation energies, in the range of 6.4 to 7.9 eV, were determined for the third recovery
stage from the Raman data, which are interpreted to reflect large structural rearrangements (i.e. polyhedral tilting) associated
with the final recovery of the c axis. This explains the occurrence of a distinct recrystallization stage without defect annealing. Finally, it should be
mentioned that the first recovery stage is not necessarily expected to occur in less damaged zircon crystals (<∼2 × 1018α-decays g−1), since less stable defects along the basal plane might have already been self-annealed during radiation damage accumulation
under ambient temperatures.
Received: 6 September 2001 / Accepted: 25 February 2002 相似文献
The chronological data obtained by a variety of dating methods have confirmed that the sodium enriched metavolcanite series
in the area of the Longbohe copper deposit at Jinping, Yunnan Province, was formed during the Proterozoic (its Pb−Pb isochron
age=1595±75 Ma), corresponding to the Dahongshan Group sodium enriched metavolcanites. The Sm−Nd isochron age of 1336±46Ma
should represent the time at which this series of volcanic rocks experienced spilitization in response to sodium metasomatism,
equivalent to the time of sedimentation of the Ailaoshan Group and Yashan Group rocks. The Rb−Sr ages of the volcanic rocks
and the Pb−Pb ages of copper ores have recorded the events of strong dynamic metamorphism and of strong reworking-metallogenesis
of copper during the Jinningian period. Similarities in forming age, rock assemblage and isotopic characteristics between
the sodium enriched metavolcanite series and the Dahongshan Group sodium enriched metavolcanite series have provided new clues
to the exploration of the Dahongshan-type copper deposits in this area.
Granted jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 49702022, 40073001) and the State 973 Program (No.
G1999043215). 相似文献