区域生态安全动态变化及空间差异定量分析:以陕北黄土高原为例     

李晶  任志远  周自翔 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(2):251-256

1 Introduction Ecological security is defined as the goal of stakeholders to create a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock (Chen, 2002; Wachernagel et al.,…  相似文献   

青藏高原不同时段气候变化的研究综述   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李潮流  康世昌 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(3):337-345

1 Introduction The annual mean world temperature increased by about 0.6℃ from the late 1800s to the 1980s (Wang, 1994). The global environmental change is marked with “global warming” and its possible effects on the ecosystem as well as the production …  相似文献   

青藏高原中东部水热条件与NDVI的空间分布格局   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张文江  高志强 《地理研究》2006,25(5):877-886

青藏高原受大气环流和地势格局的共同作用,水热条件及植被空间分布呈现独特的三维地带性特征。但是青藏高原范围广、地势起伏大,水热条件及植被空间分布具有明显区域差异。本文利用青藏高原中东部100个气象站1982²000年的降水、气温资料以及同期NO-AA AVHRR植被指数产品（NDVI）,分析水热条件及植被的空间分布特征。首先,设置经向、纬向海拔渐变样带,考察海拔对水热条件及NDVI空间分布的影响;然后,按500米海拔间隔进行站点分组,分析约束了海拔高差后的经纬位置对水热条件及NDVI空间分布的影响。研究表明:在青藏高原中东部由于海拔高差大,热量条件分布首先受海拔递减规律控制,其次才表现出因太阳辐射差异的纬度地带性;而降水分布则主要受水汽通道位置和方向的影响,北上水汽和东部偏南走向山脉是研究区降水经向特征的主要成因;指示植被状况的年均NDVI,则受水热组合的控制,其分布格局是二者的叠加与综合。  相似文献   

青藏高原隆升及其环境效应   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

郑度  姚檀栋 《地球科学进展》2006,21(5):451-458

“青藏高原形成演化及其环境资源效应”项目选择青藏高原为典型地区,特别注意高原与毗邻地区的联系,以从全球尺度探讨高原的各种过程,目标集中在大陆碰撞过程和高原隆升过程,以过程为主线贯通碰撞机制、环境变化和资源分布规律的研究;时间上着重新生代以来,在不同精细时间尺度上定量地描述碰撞和隆升的动态过程及环境变化。运用地球科学、生命科学、环境科学及各学科之间有机交叉、综合研究的方法,开展大陆碰撞动力学、环境变化、现代表生过程及各圈层相互作用等重大理论问题的研究,为青藏高原地区的资源开发和环境调控提供科学依据。按照统观全局、突出重点的原则,项目主要研究内容包括以下4个方面：大陆岩石圈碰撞过程及其成矿效应;高原隆升过程与东亚气候环境变化;青藏高原现代表生过程及相互作用机理;青藏高原区域系统相互作用的综合研究。在完成研究计划任务的基础上,项目取得如下的突出研究成果和创新性进展：印度大陆与欧亚大陆初始碰撞时限;青藏高原南北缘山盆岩石圈尺度的构造关系;青藏高原整合构造模型与成矿成藏评价;新生代高原北部重大的构造变形隆升事件序列;高原周边环境变化事件及高原隆升对亚洲季风发展变化的影响;高分辨率气候动态过程及变化趋势;高原主要生态系统碳过程对气候变化的响应;高原气候变化及冰冻圈变化与预测;高原土地覆被变化、恢复整治及管理。  相似文献   

Impact of topography and land-sea distribution on East Asian paleoenvironmental patterns   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张仲石  王会军  郭正堂  姜大膀 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):258-266

Much geological research has illustrated the transition of paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic from a planetary-wind-dominant type to a monsoon-dominant type, indicating the initiation of the East Asian monsoon and inland-type aridity. However, there is a dispute about the causes and mechanisms of the transition, especially about the impact of the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat. Thirty numerical sensitivity experiments under different land-sea distributions and Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau topography conditions are performed here to simulate the evolution of climate belts with emphasis on changes in the rain band, and these are compared with the changes in the paleoenvironmental patterns during the Cenozoic recovered by geological records. The consistency between simulations and the geological evidence indicates that both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern. Furthermore, the simulations show the monsoon-dominant environmental pattern comes into being when the Himalayan/Tibetan Plateau reaches 1000–2000 m high and the Paratethys Sea retreats to the Turan Plate.  相似文献   

The impact of atmospheric heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western Pacific on the summer rainfall over the Yangtze-River basin   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

简茂球  乔云亭  袁卓建  罗会邦 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):149-155

The variability of the summer rainfall over China is analyzed using the EOF procedure with a new parameter （namely, mode station variance percentage） based on 1951-2000 summer rainfall data from 160 stations in China. Compared with mode variance friction, the mode station variance percentage not only reveals more localized characteristics of the variability of the summer rainfall, but also helps to distinguish the regions with a high degree of dominant EOF modes representing the analyzed observational variable. The atmospheric circulation diagnostic studies with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data from 1966 to 2000 show that in summer, abundant （scarce） rainfall in the belt-area from the upper-middle reaches of the Yangtze River northeastward to the Huaihe River basin is linked to strong （weak） heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau, while the abundant （scarce） rainfall in the area to the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River is closely linked to the weak （strong） heat sources over the tropical western Pacific.  相似文献   

青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

葛肖虹  任收麦  马立祥  吴光大  刘永江  袁四化 《地学前缘》2006,13(6):118-130

青藏高原隆升对中国西部环境变迁起着决定性影响。通过对柴达木、吐鲁番—哈密、塔里木盆地的演化及其与青藏高原隆升的耦合研究,以柴达木盆地为时空坐标,认为高原隆升可分为三大阶段:(1)古近纪期间青藏高原隆升仅限于冈底斯山一带。当时,受行星纬向气候带控制,中国西北地区为干旱亚热带草原和热带雨林环境,大面积准平原化、泛盆地化,在构造上处于伸展-夷平的拉张环境,与现今亚洲大陆东部相似;(2)青藏高原整体的初次隆升发生在中新世早—中期(23~11·7Ma)。因青藏高原和大兴安岭的阻隔,古近纪的纬向气候带逐渐转变为中亚季候风,古黄土(22Ma)、三趾马动物群的发育,说明高原北缘当时为干旱的荒漠草原环境。同时,这次隆升引起中—晚中新世中国西部广袤地域古地形-构造面貌的变化;(3)形成现今高原面貌的末次快速隆升发生在0·9~0·8Ma。早更新世晚期,印度洋快速扩张,印度板块向中亚大陆脉冲式(A型)陆内俯冲,使得高原快速挤压隆升。这次隆升不仅使高原本身的环境骤变,出现第四纪以来最大的冰川,形成世界上最大的高寒草原,而且引起了全球气候的变化,促使北极圈冰盖的形成。同时,高原隆升使高原内部和周边出现强烈的挤压构造变形,如柴达木、河西走廊、塔里木、吐鲁番—哈密、准噶尔等诸盆地内几万米厚度中—新生界的构造变形与昆仑山、祁连山、天山、阿尔泰山的挤出式双向推覆隆升,形成了中国西北的盆-山地貌。现今,随着青藏高原的持续隆升,高寒草原开始退化,造成中国西北地区大面积的荒漠化,成为制约我国西部生态环境的重要因素。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘共和盆地第四纪磁性地层学研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

施炜  马寅生  吴满路  张云峰  杜德平 《地质力学学报》2006,12(3):317-323

共和盆地第四纪剖面磁性地层学研究表明,该剖面包含了四个正极性段,三个负极性段,剖面底部地层年龄约为2.11Ma B.P.。结合剖面的沉积特征和已有的孢粉组合特征分析,可以确定该剖面记录了共和盆地2.11Ma B.P.以来的气候变化,且气候发生转型的主要时期依次为1.92 Ma B.P、1.75Ma B.P.、1.40Ma B.P.、1.02 Ma B.P.和0.87Ma B.P.。其主要原因可能是青藏高原强烈隆升远程效应的结果。共和盆地气候变化时间序列的建立为研究青藏高原隆升及环境效应提供有力证据。   相似文献   

Typical Geochemical Elements in Loess Deposit in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Paleoclimatic Implication   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

TAN Hongbing MA Haizhou ZHANG Xiying LU Huayu WANG Jianguo 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):110-116

Widespread and thick loess deposit in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau records paleoclimatic changes over the Quaternary period. In this study, we investigate a loess section located in a high terrace of the Huangshui River in the Xining Basin, and collect samples at 20-cm intervals by digging a well of 16-m depth （including paleosol S1 and SO and several loess interlayers over the last glacial-interglacial cycle and the Holocene）. Concentration of some active elements （Sr and Ca） and inert elements （Rb, Zr, Ti） in these loess samples are measured. The results show that ratios of those elements （oxide）, such as Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios, would indicate sensitively paleoclimatic changes, especially the history of precipitation over the last glacial-interglacial and the Holocene. Moreover, the curves of Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios had almost the same variable trends from the bottom to the top and also closely correlated with values of magnetic susceptibility and the global marine δ^18O record. But compared with the curves of magnetic susceptibility, the changes of ratios of these elements （oxide） are clearer and easy to understand. Therefore, the ratios of these typical chemical elements in the loess deposit may be used as an excellent index to investigate the history of paleoclimate, particularly precipitation changes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

块、带、源观点与青藏高原北块边界大震     

郭增建  韩延本 《地震研究》2006,29(3):300-303

介绍了块、带、源观点的产生和不断完善的过程,以及最新的相关研究成果。根据块、带、源观点,将青藏高原巨块划分为南块和北块,并讨论了北块边界上大震的活动性。  相似文献