经纬仪测量系统尺度基准测定及误差分析     

刘尚国  于胜文  王喜芹  郑文华 《测绘科学》2015,(11):127-130

针对经纬仪测量系统缺少距离观测值而难以构建其尺度基准的问题,该文分别基于相似原理和垂直角视距法,阐述了通过交会测量已知长度的基准尺构建尺度基准的原理与方法;依据误差传播定律,分析指出水平基线中误差是衡量尺度基准精度的重要数字指标,而基准尺摆放位置与姿态、基准尺长度和水平基线长度等构形要素对尺度基准误差影响较大;最后基于Matlab GUI编制了水平基线中误差仿真计算程序,定量分析了各类构形要素对水平基线中误差的影响规律,归纳总结出提高尺度基准测定精度、优化系统测量空间构形的若干措施。  相似文献   

GPS近景信息采集系统及应用研究     

聂仁奇  章传银  秘金钟  谷守周  宋立明 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(2):1-3

整合GPS、数码相机以及三维数字罗盘,采用近景交会的基本原理,获取滑坡地表特征点的三维坐标,对滑坡灾害进行实时的非接触式的监测。  相似文献   

确定断煤交线位置的数学计算方法     

孙庆先 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(9):20-22,47

断层是影响矿井安全生产的重要因素。在地质图件中,断层的位置常用断层走向来表达,但由于煤矿生产的特殊性,不仅需要掌握断层的走向,更需要掌握断煤交线的方向。通常在煤层倾角稍大、断层倾角稍小的情况下,断层走向与断煤交线存在一个夹角,求取该夹角,可准确追踪断层附近煤层。为此以正断层为例,利用断层及煤层的走向与倾角要素,推导出2个计算断煤交线与断层走向夹角的公式。通过例举几种特殊情况,佐证2个公式具有普遍适用性。  相似文献   

Tectono‐metamorphic history recorded in garnet porphyroblasts: insights from thermodynamic modelling and electron backscatter diffraction analysis of inclusion trails     

E. SKRZYPEK  K. SCHULMANN  P. ŠTÍPSKÁ  F. CHOPIN  J. LEHMANN  O. LEXA  J. HALODA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(4):473-496

In a Barrovian metamorphic sequence, garnetiferous mica schists document a heterogeneously developed superposition of sub‐orthogonal fabrics and multiple garnet growth episodes. In the variably deformed domains, four types of garnet porphyroblasts have been defined based on inclusion trail patterns. Modelled garnet zoning in the MnNCKFMASHTO system indicates a prograde evolution from 4–4.5 kbar and 490–510 °C to 5–6 kbar and 520–550 °C in the earliest subhorizontal fabric progressing towards 6.5–7.5 kbar and 560–590 °C in the subsequent subvertical foliation. This fabric is heterogeneously deformed into a shallow‐dipping retrograde foliation associated with garnet resorption. In situ electron backscatter diffraction measurements of ilmenite inclusions in individual garnet grains yield precise data on included planar and linear elements. Consistent orientations of internal foliations, lineations and foliation intersection axis sets indicate a superposition of three sub‐orthogonal foliation systems. Weak variations of internal records with increasing intensity of deformation suggest that a moderate buckling stage occurred, but apparent lack of porphyroblast rotation is interpreted as a result of dominant passive flow. Coupling the orientation of internal fabric sets with P–T estimates is used to complement the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the thickened crust. We demonstrate that garnet porphyroblasts preserve features which reflect large‐scale tectonic processes in orogens.  相似文献   

甚低频电磁法在河南省竹园铜矿的应用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

许令兵 《中国地质》2001,28(11):25-28

简要叙述了甚低频电磁法的方法技术，并以河南省西峡县竹园铜矿为例，介绍了甚低频法寻找铜多金属硫化物矿床的显著效果。结合工作效果，对甚低频法的不足之处提出了3点看法。  相似文献   

方向前方交会严密精度评定方法的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘成龙 《四川测绘》1995,18(1):27-33

本文地针对方向前方交会精度评定中的不足之外，推导出了二测站和三测站方向前方交会同时考虑测量误差和测站点位误差时交会点严密的精度评定公式，从理论上完满地解决了方向前方交会的精度评定问题。  相似文献   

非接触测量系统的布设和精度     

徐正杨  段定乾 《测绘学院学报》1993,(3)

本文介绍了非接触测量的基本原理,探讨了其布设图形与精度的关系,得出了供作业参考的几点结论。  相似文献   

Geochemical and Isotopic Heterogeneities along an Island Arc-Spreading Ridge Intersection: Evidence from the Lewis Hills, Bay of Islands Ophiolite, Newfoundland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KURTH-VELZ  MICHAELA; SASSEN  ANDREAS; GALER  STEPHEN J. G. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(3):635-668

This study focuses on the origin of magma heterogeneity andthe genesis of refractory, boninite-type magmas along an arc–ridgeintersection, exposed in the Lewis Hills (Bay of Islands Ophiolite).The Lewis Hills contain the fossil fracture zone contact betweena split island arc and its related marginal oceanic basin. Threetypes of intrusions, which are closely related to this narrowtectonic boundary, have been investigated. Parental melts inequilibrium with the ultramafic cumulates of the PyroxeniteSuite are inferred to have high MgO contents and low Al₂O₃,Na₂O and TiO₂ contents. The trace element signatures of thesePyroxenite Suite parental melts indicate a re-enriched, highlydepleted source with 0·1 x mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)abundances of the heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Initial_Nd values of the Pyroxenite Suite range from -1·5 to+0·6, which overlap those observed for the island arc.Furthermore, the Pyroxenite Suite parental melts bear strongsimilarities to boninite-type equilibrium melts from islandarc-related pyroxenitic dykes and harzburgites. Basaltic dykessplit into two groups. Group I dykes have 0·6 x MORBabundances of the HREE, and initial _Nd values ranging from +5·4to +7·5. Thus, they have a strong geochemical affinitywith basalts derived from the marginal basin spreading ridge.Group II dykes have comparatively lower trace element abundances(0·3 x MORB abundances of HREE), and slightly lower initial_Nd values (+5·4 to +5·9). The geochemical characteristicsof the Group II dykes are transitional between those of GroupI dykes and the Pyroxenite Suite parental melts. Cumulates fromthe Late Intrusion Suite are similarly transitional, with _Ndvalues ranging from +2·9 to +4·6. We suggest thatthe magma heterogeneity observed in the Lewis Hills is due tothe involvement of two compositionally distinct mantle sources,which are the sub-island lithospheric mantle and the asthenosphericmarginal basin mantle. It is likely that the refractory, boninite-typeparental melts of the Pyroxenite Suite result from remeltingof the sub-arc lithospheric mantle at an arc–ridge intersection.Furthermore, it is suggested that the thermal-dynamic conditionsof the transtensional transform fault have provided the prerequisitefor generating magma heterogeneity, as a result of mixing relationshipsbetween arc-related and marginal basin-related magmas. KEY WORDS: Bay of Islands ophiolite; transform (arc)–ridge intersection; boninites; rare earth elements, Nd isotopes  相似文献   

滩浅海地震勘探采集技术应用   总被引：5，自引：12，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

徐锦玺  邱燕  何京国  宁鹏鹏  党俊芳  朱伟强 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(1):66-70

胜利油田滩浅海地区由于特殊的地表条件和复杂多变的表层结构，既不同于陆上勘探也不同于海上勘探，尤其在两栖地带存在海陆两种施工方式，如何在地震波激发和接收方面采取措施确保资料一致性，及优化观测系统设计以拼接好过渡带的地震资料是施工任务的关键.为此，依托中石化地震勘探重点基础研究实验室，在地震波的激发、接收和观测系统优化设计方面作了大量研究试验工作，形成了一套适用于滩浅海地区的地震勘探技术.通过冀东和垦东等地区应用联合表层调查和检波器精确定位等技术，有效地提高了地震资料的信噪比，改进了成像精度，取得了很好的地震勘探效果.  相似文献   

Characterisation of the seismological pattern in a slowly deforming intraplate region: Central and western France     

Yves Mazabraud  Nicole Bthoux  Sbastien Deroussi 《Tectonophysics》2005,409(1-4):175-192

We analyzed the seismicity of central and western France, using historical data, a compilation of all recorded earthquakes from 1962 to 2002 (4574 events, relocated), and all published focal mechanisms (119 focal solutions). The aim is to understand what are the causes of earthquakes and stress accumulation in a slowly deforming intraplate region. The distribution of earthquakes and focal mechanisms is first correlated with recognized faults, geological structures and tomographic images. Then, in order to better understand the distribution of hypocenters and seek deeper crustal sources for stress accumulation, Euler solutions are computed from the available Bouguer anomaly data. The analysis of the obtained pattern for heat flow values, provides a better understanding of the concentration of seismicity in some particular zones.Two different behaviors of this slowly deforming intraplate region are evidenced. One is linked to the presence of a hot spot under the Massif Central, the other to reactivation of the Hercynian structural heritage. Our results highlight that several possible sources for earthquake clustering can be invoked in central–western France.  相似文献