基于NGM(1,1,k,c)模型和改进切线角的危岩变形预测     

刘富有  陈鹏宇  余宏明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6):8-10

针对危岩变形预测问题,本文以非齐次指数序列的灰色模型(NGM)作为危岩变形预测的基本模型,通过对望霞危岩变形的分析结果显示,NGM(1,1,k,c)模型拟合效果明显优于GM(1,1)模型,说明危岩变形趋势更接近于非齐次指数序列。利用NGM(1,1,k,c)模型结合改进切线角可对危岩变形趋势进行分析预测,可作为危岩稳定性和发展趋势的评估依据。  相似文献   

求解GM(1,1)模型新总体最小二乘算法     

陶武勇  鲁铁定  吴飞 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(5):476-479

在GM(1,1)模型中系数矩阵和观测向量都是由原始序列组成的。系数矩阵中同样是有误差的,与观测向量中的误差一样,亦来源于原始序列,即它们误差同源。不同位置的相同元素应该有相同的改正数,采用传统总体最小二乘求解则不能达到此目的。针对这一缺陷,推导了一种新的总体最小二乘算法;并且通过算例验证了新方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

面向WebGL的矢量数据三维绘制技术     

欧阳峰  龚桂荣  何列松 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(6)

矢量数据的叠加显示能够提高三维虚拟地球的表达效果与分析能力。受限于GPU的计算精度,在三维虚拟地球中矢量数据绘制普遍存在抖动现象和深度冲突现象。对基于WebGL的矢量数据三维绘制中计算精度问题进行了分析,提出了使用CPU RTC技术和GPU RTE技术提高顶点变换的精度,使用多视锥渲染算法和深度平面技术解决深度缓存精度问题。实验证明,这几种技术和算法可以有效缓解抖动现象和深度冲突现象导致的视觉干扰,改善了各种尺度和范围的矢量数据在三维地形上的叠加显示效果。  相似文献   

Selection and quality assessment of Landsat data for the North American forest dynamics forest history maps of the US     

Karen Schleeweis  Samuel N. Goward  Chengquan Huang  John L. Dwyer  Jennifer L. Dungan  Mary A. Lindsey 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(10):963-980

Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US (1986–2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream (NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5–7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products.  相似文献   

Upper Maastrichtian shallow marine environments and neoselachian assemblages in North Iberian palaeomargin (Castilian Ramp,Spain)     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

Upper Maastrichtian deposits formed in a nearshore subtidal environment within the Valdenoceda Formation (Castilian Ramp, North Iberian margin) are described together with two recently found selachian assemblages. Rare earth element concentrations (REE) have been used to assess the degree of taphonomic mixing and reworking, observing that it is minor or non-existent, and differences in degree of preservation and ecologic mixing can be explained by biostratinomic processes. The patterns of REE also helped to obtain a better understanding of the depositional environment, including the diagenetic history from burial to final degree of bone preservation.The fossil assemblages here described are close to that of the late Maastrichtian of Albaina (in the enclave of Condado de Treviño, Burgos), both in the Basque-Cantabrian Region, but their age may be slightly older (early late Maastrichtian). In total, the new assemblages consist of 17 taxa, assigned to 11 genera of shallow-water dwellers combined with individuals from the outer shelf. They represent cosmopolitan taxa (Squalicorax pristodontus, Serratolamna serrata and Rhombodus binkhorsti) together with local species (Rhinobatos echavei, Rhinobatos ibericus). Although there are not significant differences between Albaina and Quintanilla la Ojada faunas, the new assemblages add interesting taphonomic and geochemical information to the few existing uppermost Cretaceous deposits with fossil sharks in southwestern Europe.  相似文献   

泡沫塑料吸附分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定稀土矿石中的镓   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

董学林  何海洋 《岩矿测试》2016,35(1):42-47

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土矿石中的镓,高含量的稀土元素会造成严重的质谱干扰。本文采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料在6 mol/L盐酸介质中吸附样品溶液中的镓后,以0.5 mol/L氯化铵水浴加热解脱30 min,镓的吸附-解脱效率超过99%,稀土元素等干扰物质基本不进入解脱液中,即在富集镓的同时实现了镓与基体元素的高效分离,降低了质谱干扰。本方法检出限低(0.022μg/g),经土壤及水系沉积物标准物质验证,镓的测定值与标准值吻合(绝对偏差为0.38%~4.70%),实际稀土矿石样品的加标回收率为94.1%~100.6%,精密度(RSD)低于4%(n=12),可应用于分析一般地质样品以及稀土矿石中的镓。  相似文献   

吉林百草沟金矿闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义     

李睿华  孙丰月  刘金龙  李良  赵拓飞  闫佳铭 《矿床地质》2016,35(5):1023-1034

文章对延边地区百草沟金矿床与成矿有关的闪长玢岩脉进行了锆石LA_ICP_MS U_Pb年代学和地球化学研究。闪长玢岩中的锆石U_Pb定年结果显示,闪长玢岩形成时代为早白垩世((128±3)Ma,MSWD=0.29)。岩石元素地球化学研究表明岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,明显富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba、Rb)、LREE和强不相容元素(如Th、U),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb、Ti、P),Mg#值为42~54,其地球化学特征与活动大陆边缘背景下形成的火成岩相似。岩石中w(Cr)为20.0×10-6~33.4×10-6,Nb/Ta比值为9.7~16.5,La/Nb比值为2.54~3.67,Th/La比值为0.19~0.43,Rb/Sr值比为0.10~0.33,闪长玢岩岩浆是由地壳物质和地幔物质混合形成的。结合野外地质特征及年代学,认为与矿床近同时形成的闪长玢岩,其形成的构造背景应为古太平洋板块斜向亚洲大陆俯冲的活动大陆边缘。  相似文献   

Iron isotopic systematics of UHP eclogites respond to oxidizing fluid during exhumation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

D.‐Y. Li  Y. L. Xiao  W.‐Y. Li  X. Zhu  H. M. Williams  Y.‐L. Li 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2016,34(9):987-997

The iron stable isotope compositions (δ⁵⁶Fe) and iron valence states of ultrahigh‐pressure eclogites from Bixiling in the Dabie orogen belt, China, were measured to trace the changes of geochemical conditions during vertical transportation of earth materials, for example, oxygen fugacity. The bulk Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios of retrograde eclogites, determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, are consistently higher than those of fresh eclogites, suggesting oxidation during retrograde metamorphism and fluid infiltration. The studied eclogites (five samples) display limited mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB)‐like (~0.10‰) δ⁵⁶Fe values, which are indistinguishable from their protoliths, that is, gabbro cumulates formed through differentiation of mantle‐derived basaltic magma. This suggests that Fe isotope fractionation during continental subduction is limited. Garnet separates display limited δ⁵⁶Fe variation ranging from ?0.08 ± 0.07 ‰ to 0.02 ± 0.07‰, whereas coexisting omphacite displays a large variation of δ⁵⁶Fe values from 0.15 ± 0.07‰ to 0.47 ± 0.07‰. Omphacite also has highly variable Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios from 0.367 ± 0.025 to 0.598 ± 0.024, indicating modification after peak metamorphism. Omphacite from retrograde eclogites has elevated Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios (0.54–0.60) compared to that from fresh eclogites (~0.37), whereas garnet displays a narrow range of ferric iron content with Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios from 0.039 ± 0.013 to 0.065 ± 0.022. The homogenous δ⁵⁶Fe values and Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios of garnet suggest that it survived the retrograde metamorphism and preserved its Fe‐isotopic features and ferric contents of peak metamorphism. Because of similar diffusion rates of Fe and Mg in garnet and omphacite, and constant Δ²⁶Mg_{omphacite‐garnet} values (1.14 ± 0.04‰), equilibrium iron isotope fractionation between garnet and omphacite was probably achieved during peak metamorphism. Elevated Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios of omphacite from retrograde eclogites and variant Δ⁵⁶Fe_{omphacite‐garnet} values of the studied eclogites (0.13 ± 0.10‰ to 0.48 ± 0.10‰) indicate that oxidized geofluid infiltration resulted in the elevation of δ⁵⁶Fe values of omphacite during retrograde metamorphism.  相似文献   

广东大降坪硫(铅锌)矿床岩浆热液叠加作用——来自闪锌矿Rb-Sr年龄及硫同位素的证据   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

赵海杰  余长发  韩心巧  郑伟 《矿床地质》2016,35(4):795-808

广东大降坪硫(铅锌)矿床位于与岩浆作用有关的大绀山多金属矿田的中部,主矿体为赋存在震旦纪变质岩中的层状、透镜状黄铁矿矿体,最近在两个不同产状的黄铁矿矿体下部又新发现了脉状及层状铅锌矿体。文章通过对铅锌矿体的年龄及硫同位素研究,探讨其与主矿体的成因关系,获得了脉状铅锌矿体中闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(88.5±3.9)Ma,即晚白垩世,与上部黄铁矿矿体的年龄(约630 Ma)相差较大,而与整个大绀山多金属矿田的成矿作用时限一致。三种不同产状的矿体硫同位素组成差异明显:层状黄铁矿矿体富集硫的轻同位素(δ34S=-10.90‰~-25.55‰),且与围岩的硫同位素范围一致,说明硫来自生物的细菌还原硫;透镜状黄铁矿矿体δ34S组成范围较宽(-9.38‰~22.69‰),具多源性硫的特征;铅锌矿体的δ34S在-7.1‰~6.4‰之间变化,硫可能来自深源岩浆,并受围岩成分混染。多方面的证据表明,大降坪黄铁矿矿体下部的铅锌矿体形成于晚白垩世的岩浆热液成矿作用,透镜状黄铁矿矿体受到岩浆热液的叠加。  相似文献   

利用微波等离子体炬四极杆质谱在线测定稀土矿样中的多种稀土元素     

初晨  张瑛  王尚贤  周润芝  蒋涛  朱志强  卢爱民 《岩矿测试》2016,35(5):468-474

随着稀土的应用越来越广泛,开发稀土元素的快速在线检测技术已日趋成为行业发展的需求。本文以微波等离子体炬(MPT)为离子源,以四极杆质谱仪(QMS)作为质量分析器建立了一种快速、直接检测水样中稀土元素的质谱检测方法,并将其应用于分析稀土矿样中的多种稀土元素。研究表明,应用MPT-QMS测定水样中的钇、镧、铈、钕、铕五种稀土元素,检出限(LOD)可达11.0~60.5μg/L,测定范围为50~1000μg/L。当分析固体稀土矿样时,样品经酸溶处理后通过气动雾化形成气溶胶,再进行冷却干燥,气溶胶由MPT的中心管道进入等离子体中,产生稀土元素复合离子,再引入QMS中进行分析,即可以定量地测定矿样中稀土元素的含量。同一样品用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行对比实验,两者的检测结果在数量级上接近,证明了MPTQMS方法在半定量的意义下是准确、可靠的,因而这种快速的检测方法可发展成为水体中金属元素的现场分析方法,应用于环境水、生活水质量在线监测等领域。  相似文献